Evaluasi Penerapan Sistem Pengendalian Internal Penjualan (Studi Empiris Pada PT Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevalusi penerapan sistem pengendalian internal penjualan pada jasa pengiriman PT Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir (PT JNE). Adapun lingkup analisis hanya membahas secara konseptual terkait sistem pengendalian internal penjualan pada jasa pengiriman dan kesesuaian sistem pengendalian internal perusahaan dengan teori-teori yang relevan. Metode analisis bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara menguraikan prosedur yang dijalankan oleh perusahaan, kemudian menentukan kesesuaian prosedur yang diterapkan dengan teori-teori relevan terkait sistem pengendalian internal. Data diperoleh dengan cara melakukan wawancara kepada informan yang menangani secara langsung sistem pengendalian internal di perusahaan dan juga data sekunder terkait SOP perusahaan. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa penerapan sistem pengendalian internal penjualan pada jasa pengiriman di PT JNE sudah berjalan efektif dan efisien yang ditandai dengan dokumentasi terkomputerisasi dan sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan teori pengendalian internal

Design of a VDF/TrFE Copolymer-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor

This paper presents a design of a VDF/TrFE copolymer-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor. For an optimal design of a VDF/TrFE-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor, the one-dimensional diffusion equation is solved for the pyroelectric multilayer structure. The output current of the sensor is calculated. Improvement of the sensor can be obtained by: (a) etching the silicon substrate under the sensor element, and (b) an additional VDF/TrFE copolymer layer as thermal isolation. Different noise sources for a pyroelectric sensor have been calculated. The dielectric noise dominates the noise sources. This conclusion has been verified by measured value

Paguyuban sebagai Media Transformasi Sosial-ekonomi Keluarga Perempuan TKI Purna Penempatan? Sebuah Perspektif Antropologi Migrasi

The Phenomenon of Feminization of Indonesian Workers has placed women in strategic positions in the family. One reason is the number of economic and social remittances they have. The great number of remittances requires the optimization of the utilization of remittances through economic and social entrepreneurship. The success of strengthening this Retiring Female Indonesian Workers is a strategic matter. In the long run, there will be an increase in the quality of life of the Indonesian workers’ households. However, this study proves that Remitan and the social (network) of retiring women do not necessarily increase or strengthen their economic roles. The articulation of the roles and position of retiring female Indonesian workers (migrants) in the family and community in developing businesses (social and economic entrepreneurship) lacks significant influence. Why has the entrepreneurship of retiring female workers failed to be achieved? This study with the anthropological approach to migration proves that there are three important factors that influence it, i.e.the low capacity of female migrants to using the accumulation of income while working abroad and the internal conditions of family gender relations, and the low facilitation capacity of institutions/agencies for social change towards migrant families

Getting Married is a Simple Matter: Early Marriage among Indonesian Muslim Girls in Rural Areas of Java

The high rate of child marriage has become a global community concern, including in Indonesia as the world's biggest Muslim country. This study explores the views and experiences of Muslim girls and local actors about early marriage in rural areas of Java, Indonesia. The case study was performed in a hamlet on Mount Sumbing, approximately 10 km from Temanggung District, Central Java, Indonesia. Eighteen female informants were interviewed, consisting of girls married before 18 years old during the 1990-2020 periods. The data were also collected from several vital informants: community figures, parents, and married couples. This study concluded that women who married at a young age still consider early marriage normal and acceptable from a socio-cultural perspective. For the local community, marrying their child at a very young age will guarantee labor availability, psychological security in old age and strengthen family bonds. On the other hand, the seriousness of life's challenges towards adulthood leads marriage at a young age to become a choice of socio-psychological coping mechanisms idealized by some young women. This phenomenon is also influenced by the existing local socio-cultural values that place marriage as a solution to socio-economic, socio-cultural problems and guarantee future generations' continuity. The seriousness of life's challenges towards maturity lead youth marriage as a socio-psychological coping mechanism was idealized by some young women due to gaps in knowledge about the impact of young married labor. This perspective is also influenced by the existing local socio-cultural values that place marriage as a solution to socio-economic problems and a simple procedure for marrying young through marriage dispensation

Getting Married is a Simple Matter: Early Marriage among Indonesian Muslim Girls in Rural Areas of Java

The high rate of child marriage has become a global community concern, including in Indonesia as the world's biggest Muslim country. This study explores the views and experiences of Muslim girls and local actors of early marriage in rural areas of Java, Indonesia. Applying the qualitative research method and case study approach, this research is performed in a hamlet on mount Sumbing. This study concluded that young-women marriage is still considered as normal and acceptable from a socio-cultural perspective. For the local community, marrying their child at a very young age will guarantee labour availability, psychological security in old age and strengthen family bonds. The seriousness of life's challenges towards adulthood leads marriage at a young age to become a choice of socio-psychological coping mechanisms idealized by some young women. This phenomenon is also influenced by the existing local socio-cultural values that place marriage as a solution to socio-economic, socio-cultural problems and guarantee future generations' continuity

Optimalisasi Modal Sosial Keluarga Muda dalam Membangun Ketahanan Ekonomi di Era Covid-19: Studi Kasus di Perdesaan Jawa

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused acute non-health impacts for various levels of society, including young families in rural areas of Java. This study presents the results of research that focus on the experiences of young families who work in the informal sector in overcoming the economic impacts due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The young families in this study were those who got married less than 10 years and/or had the oldest child aged less than 10 years. By using an anthropological approach and applying data collection method through participatory observations and in-depth interviews, this study concluded that there were two factors that made them be the most vulnerable group, yet they could face economic emergencies at the same time, such as first, their ability to optimize social capital to increase their own capacity and their family’s capacity in the face of economic vulnerability. They did productive economic activities by optimizing very limited work networks to survive their life. Second, they carefully performed minimal income management so that they could survive and fulfill the minimum household needs as a household unit

An integrated charge amplifier for a pyroelectric sensor

This paper presents an integrated charge amplifier that measures a small charge. This charge is generated by a pyroelectric detector. The charge amplifier consists of a single-stage c-annon source configuration with a passive feedback network. The charge amplifier has a bandwidth of 700 kHz and an output noise voltage of 20 nV Hz 1/2 at 1 kHz. A 2×2 integrated pyroelectric sensor based on VDF/TrFE copolymer has been realized. The voltage response of this sensor-amplifier is reported

Social Entrepreneurship in the Leadership of Grassroots Innovation Movement: A Case Study of Joglo Tani in Yogyakarta

This article is based on a case study in Joglo Tani, a local organization that focuses its programs on promoting new agricultural technology and urban farming while promoting food security for local people. It represents what characterizes the grassroots movement while destroying negative opinion about grassroots innovation. The success of Joglo Tani is influenced by the quality of leadership as social entrepreneurs as well as the quality of the network of activists and an organization that produce new, bottom-up solutions, and the ability of the solutions they produce to address local situations, concerning individual and social problems. The organizing of Joglo Tani innovations in the local realm has brought about a process of social transformation in rural areas, particularly in resource management and the system for organizing agricultural work. Through a voluntary movement, informal networks, and the ability to manage the potential of the environment, leadership is able to carry out the transformation process on an increasingly massive scale. This study proves that leadership in a bottom-up movement of ‘activist and organizational networks’ has succeeded in responding to the challenges of food supply limitations, moving towards sustainable food through instilling fundamental values of organizational life and technological breakthroughs as well as local institutions. Methodologically, the research was conducted through a comprehensive literature study stage related to grassroots innovation movements, while primary data collection was carried out through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, social and conventional media analysis, and interviews with community figures

Amid the Interweaving of Migrations, Land Tenure, and Survival Strategies: The Pseudo-Solidarity of Rural Java Farmers

Sebagai entitas sosial terkecil dan relasi berbasis sosial budaya lokal, masyarakat dusun dihadapkan pada kompleksitas dinamika relasi internal. Sodalitas, yang diyakini sebagai ruh hubungan masyarakat dusun, menghadapi tekanan internal dan eksternal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh keterbatasan aksesibilitas sumber daya, pengaruh perilaku migrasi keluar, perubahan kelembagaan, dan penguatan individualisasi penguasaan atas sumber daya lokal. Penelitian ini mengungkap pola solidaritas semu komunitas dusun sebagai semangat baru basis relasi antar warga dusun. Solidaritas semu menjadi strategi kelangsungan hidup masyarakat karena terbatasnya akses dan kendali atas sumber mata pencaharian di sekitarnya, perubahan struktur penduduk akibat migrasi, dan tekanan eksternal berupa perubahan kelembagaan sosial ekonomi. Solidaritas semu adalah pilihan antara menjaga keharmonisan dan memainkan taktik untuk memenuhi kepentingan individu. Anggota masyarakat dusun mengembangkan strategi dan bernegosiasi untuk mencapai tujuan mereka dengan memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya mereka. Mereka memanfaatkan sifat hubungan sosial yang luwes dan penuh kepura-puraan serta meningkatkan ambang batas toleransi terhadap dinamika kehidupan yang merugikan mereka. Kondisi ini berdampak signifikan terhadap melemahnya solidaritas masyarakat dusun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan antropologi untuk pengumpulan data. Beberapa metode tersebut antara lain survei mini, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Metode penelusuran kekerabatan dan riwayat hidup digunakan untuk menelusuri proses mobilitas dan migrasi antar generasi, termasuk penguasaan tanah dan sumber daya lainnya.As the smallest social entity with its local forms of socio-cultural relations, each of Indonesia’s hamlet communities today is faced with the complexity of the dynamics of internal relationships. Sodality, believed to be the spirit of these relationships, is facing internal and external pressures. Limited access to resources, behavioral influences from out-migration, institutional changes, and the reinforced individualization of control over local resources make up such pressures. This study reveals the patterns of pseudo-solidarity that serves as a new spirit for the basis of relationships of hamlet residents. Pseudo-solidarity has become a strategy for community survival due to limited access to and control over sources of livelihood, changes in population structure that resulted from migration, and external pressures in the form of changes in socio-economic institutions. It serves as a compromise between maintaining harmony and playing out tactics to fulfill individual interests. Hamlet community members develop strategies and increase their negotiation abilities to meet their economic, social, and cultural needs. Taking advantage of the flexible, pretentious side of social relationships, they also raise their tolerance threshold towards the dynamics of life that are detrimental to them. This condition significantly weakens the solidarity within hamlet communities. This study used an anthropological approach to its data collection. Some of its methods include mini-surveys, observations, and in-depth interviews. Through kinship and biographical tracings, the study tracked the different processes of intergenerational mobility and migrations concerning, among others, land tenure and ownership of other resources

Gender Discourses in Positioning Indonesian Female Migrant Workers

Indonesian female migrant workers are a group that has over time experienced physical, psychological, and verbal violence in their jobs in foreign countries. The story presented of the struggles of this subordinated group of women remains one-sided and incomplete. The untold part of the story are the experiences they have encountered domestically from within their own country, Indonesia. This article argues that the subordinated position of Indonesian female migrant workers is initially created and strongly reinforced through the discrimination they face within specific social settings in the Indonesian context. One such social setting is at Indonesian international airports. Indonesian international airports are where the female migrant workers are positioned as “others”; rules put in place and their enforcement by airport officials and other passengers show the exclusion of female migrant workers from Indonesian society. Such positioning is an act of discrimination, exploitation, and exercise of power. This study examines what discourses are used in positioning these Indonesian female migrant workers in Soekarno Hatta International Airport, Jakarta. The authors argue, using research data and gender theories, that the positioning of Indonesian female migrant workers is a discursive act. It is committed by various individuals, particularly those (in the power system) that have the position of “we” and “us”, to preserve the social classes, which have become normalized throughout Indonesian history. The research found that the discrimination against female migrant workers is strongly connected to their social class. Although they have financial capital, their position is considered lower than other people in the airport, which creates multiple forms of discrimination, from material to symbolic discrimination and stereotypes