THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS AMONG PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions among preschool-aged children. A secondary purpose was to investigate the influence of several moderator variables (e.g., location of intervention, intervention type, intervention leadership) on physical activity and body composition outcomes. Nine databases were systematically searched; a total of 19 studies meet the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes (i.e., Hedges g values) were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that interventions had moderate effects on preschoolers’ engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (g = 0.51;/? \u3c .05; n = 39 ES) and small or small- to-moderate effects on: body composition (g = 0.28;p \u3c .05; n = 39 ES); light intensity physical activity (g = 0.27; p \u3e .05; n= 11 ES); physical activity counts (g = 0.40; p \u3e .05; n = 14 ES); and proxy-reported physical activity (g = 0.31,;? \u3e .05; n = 19 ES). These results are discussed in terms of implications for future research and interventions

A sampling technique for the determination of hunters' activities and the economics thereof

Master of ScienceForestry and ConservationUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106239/2/39015003262386.pd

Quasireversibility Methods for Non-Well-Posed Problems

The nal value problem, ae u t + Au = 0 ; 0 ! t ! T u(T ) = f with positive self-adjoint unbounded A is known to be ill-posed. One approach to dealing with this has been the method of quasireversibility, where the operator is perturbed to obtain a well-posed problem which approximates the original problem. In this work, we will use a quasi-boundary-value method, where we perturb the nal condition to form an approximate non-local problem depending on a small parameter. We show that the approximate problems are well posed and that their solutions u converge on 0; T] if and only if the original problem has a classical solution. We obtain several other results, including some explicit convergence rates

Undated - Seth Gordon and Frederic Speed write to Governor Washburn regarding recruitment needs and promotion of Walter Sawyer

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_5th_regiment_corr/1038/thumbnail.jp

Evidence for adaptive introgression of exons across a hybrid swarm in deer

Background: Secondary contact between closely related lineages can result in a variety of outcomes, including hybridization, depending upon the strength of reproductive barriers. By examining the extent to which different parts of the genome introgress, it is possible to infer the strength of selection and gain insight into the evolutionary trajectory of lineages. Following secondary contact approximately 8000 years ago in the Pacific Northwest, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus) formed a hybrid swarm along the Cascade mountain range despite substantial differences in body size (up to two times) and habitat preference. In this study, we examined genetic population structure, extent of introgression, and selection pressures in freely interbreeding populations of mule deer and black-tailed deer using mitochondrial DNA sequences, 9 microsatellite loci, and 95 SNPs from protein-coding genes. Results: We observed bi-directional hybridization and classified approximately one third of the 172 individuals as hybrids, almost all of which were beyond the F1 generation. High genetic differentiation between black-tailed deer and mule deer at protein-coding genes suggests that there is positive divergent selection, though selection on these loci is relatively weak. Contrary to predictions, there was not greater selection on protein-coding genes thought to be associated with immune function and mate choice. Geographic cline analyses were consistent across genetic markers, suggesting long-term stability (over hundreds of generations), and indicated that the center of the hybrid swarm is 20-30 km to the east of the Cascades ridgeline, where there is a steep ecological transition from wet, forested habitat to dry, scrub habitat. Conclusions: Our data are consistent with a genetic boundary between mule deer and black-tailed deer that is porous but maintained by many loci under weak selection having a substantial cumulative effect. The absence of clear reproductive barriers and the consistent centering of geographic clines at a sharp ecotone suggests that ecology is a driver of hybrid swarm dynamics. Adaptive introgression in this study (and others) promotes gene flow and provides valuable insight into selection strength on specific genes and the evolutionary trajectory of hybridizing taxa

What has the manager done for me? A value-based approach to performance analysis.

In many circumstances it is unsatisfactory to measure portfolio performance using time-weighted rates of return. There are well known problems with performance attribution analysis using time-weighted returns in a multi-interval context and it is impossible to measure the contribution of a portfolio's manager to the wealth of an individual investor. This paper shows that measurement of outcomes in terms of value solves the problems of multi-interval attribution analysis and enables precise customised assessment to be made of the manager's contribution for each investor. Working with values is also simple and transparent

Stability-Indicating HPLC Methods for the Quantification of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride, Vitamins B1, B5 And B6 in Tablets using RP-HPLC with UV Detection

The availability of reliable and fast analytical method is crucial for the quality control of multi-API in a single dosage form. Herein, two methods have been developed and validated for the determination of Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CH), Thiamine mononitrate (Vit. B1), Calcium pantothenate (Vit. B5) and Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vit. B6) in uncoated tablets. To assay the vitamins, a mobile phase combination of Phosphate buffer pH 3.5 and Methanol in the ratio 93:7, using Eurospher ODS (150 x 4.5mm) as the stationary phase with a flow rate set at 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature conditions was adopted. Wavelength of detection was 270 nm with a run time of 0.00 to 5.50 minutes for Thiamine mononitrate and Pyridoxine hydrochloride, and 205 nm from 5.50 to 11.00 minutes for Calcium pantothenate. A good resolution and a short run time of 11 minutes were achieved with the validated conditions. The retention times of Thiamine mononitrate, Pyridoxine hydrochloride and Calcium pantothenate were 2.823±0.020, 4.184±0.007 and 10.025±0.015 respectively. The mobile phase for Cyproheptadine HCl was methanol and an ion-pairing solution (70:30), set at a flow rate of 1mL/min, a runtime of 8 minutes, an injection volume of 20 µL and a wavelength of 285 nm using Eurospher ODS (150 x 4.5 mm) as the stationary phase. The retention time for Cyproheptadine HCl was 4.961±0.006. Both methods were found to be specific, robust, accurate and precise over the concentration ranges of 0.0192 mg/mL–0.0288 mg/mL for Thiamine mononitrate, 0.0128–0.0192 mg/mL for Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.032–0.048 mg/mL for Calcium pantothenate and 0.032-0.048 mg/mL for Cyproheptadine hydrochloride. The Correlation Coefficient (r2) for Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Thiamine mononitrate, Pyridoxine hydrochloride and Calcium pantothenate were greater than 0.999. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate simple HPLC methods for the estimation of Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Vitamins B1, B5 and B6 in combined dosage forms. The proposed methods were found to be precise, specific, accurate and robust for the estimation of Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Vitamins B1, B5 and B6. Keywords: Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Thiamine mononitrate, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Calcium pantothenate, RP-HPLC, Validation DOI: 10.7176/CMR/12-6-06 Publication date: August 31st 202

Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury IX: A Photometric Survey of Planetary Nebulae in M31

We search Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) broadband imaging data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey to identify detections of cataloged planetary nebulae (PNe). Of the 711 PNe currently in the literature within the PHAT footprint, we find 467 detected in the broadband. For these 467 we are able to refine their astrometric accuracy from ~0."3 to 0."05. Using the resolution of HST, we are able to show that 152 objects currently in the catalogs are definitively not PNe, and we show that 32 objects thought to be extended in ground-based images are actually point-like and therefore good PN candidates. We also find one PN candidate that is marginally resolved. If this is a PN, it is up to 0.7 pc in diameter. With our new photometric data, we develop a method of measuring the level of excitation in individual PNe by comparing broadband and narrowband imaging and describe the effects of excitation on a PN's photometric signature. Using the photometric properties of the known PNe in the PHAT catalogs, we search for more PN, but do not find any new candidates, suggesting that ground-based emission-line surveys are complete in the PHAT footprint to F475W $\simeq$ 24.Comment: 41 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

Characterization of the cryptic Escherichia lineages: rapid identification and prevalence

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86967/1/j.1462-2920.2011.02519.x.pd

Lipid biomarker and stable isotopic profiles through Early-Middle Ordovician carbonates from Spitsbergen, Norway

One of the most dramatic episodes of sustained diversification of marine ecosystems in Earth history took place during the Early to Middle Ordovician Period. Changes in climate, oceanographic conditions, and trophic structure are hypothesised to have been major drivers of these biotic events, but relatively little is known about the composition and stability of marine microbial communities controlling biogeochemical cycles at the base of the food chain. This study examines well-preserved, carbonate-rich strata spanning the Tremadocian through Upper Dapingian stages from the Oslobreen Group in Spitsbergen, Norway. Abundant bacterial lipid markers (elevated hopane/sterane ratios, average = 4.8; maximum of 13.1), detection of Chlorobi markers in organic-rich strata, and bulk nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15(total)) averaging 0 to -1 parts per thousand for the open marine facies, suggest episodes of water column redox-stratification and that primary production was likely limited by fixed nitrogen availability in the photic zone. Near absence of the C-30 sterane marine algal biomarker, 24-n-propylcholestane (24-npc), in most samples supports and extends the previously observed hiatus of 24-npc in Early Paleozoic (Late Cambrian to Early Silurian) marine environments. Very high abundances of 3 beta-methylhopanes (average = 9.9%; maximum of 16.8%), extends this biomarker characteristic to Early Ordovician strata for the first time and may reflect enhanced and sustained marine methane cycling during this interval of fluctuating climatic and low sulfate marine conditions. Olenid trilobite fossils are prominent in strata deposited during an interval of marine transgression with biomarker evidence for episodic euxinia/anoxia extending into the photic zone of the water column. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe