Two Strategies for the Delivery of IPTc in an Area of Seasonal Malaria Transmission in The Gambia: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Bojang and colleagues report a randomized trial showing that delivery of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children by village health workers is more effective than delivery by reproductive and child health trekking clinics

Simulação numerica da separação de um escoamento bifasico gas-liquido em um te

Resumo: Este trabalho visa estudar o fenômeno da separação de fases que ocorre em um tê vertical, utilizando um programa de computador bidimensional baseado no modelo de dois fluidos, para representar o comportamento do escoamento bifásico, e no método dos volumes finitos, para discretizar as equações de conservação. Como partes essenciais deste estudo temos o desenvolvimento de um termo local de difusão viscosa para o modelo, assumindo escoamento laminar, como também o estudo de uma equação constitutiva para a transferência interfacial de quantidade de movimento, representativa para a simulação do fenômeno. A separação das fases foi simulada para valores 0.5 e 1 da razão entre os diâmetros do braço lateral e do ramo principal, de acordo com dados experimentais encontrados na literatura. Uma detalhada distribuição da fração de vazio, pressão e função de corrente é apresentada a partir dos resultados numéricos. Os valores preditos demonstram que o modelo utilizado consegue predizer razoavelmente a separação das fases, quando a taxa de extração é maior que 0.3, apresentando desvio médio de 10 % em relação aos dados experimentais. Para baixas extrações, um modelo tridimensional pode ser desejado para representar o fenômeno. Verificou-se, neste caso, uma tendência para subestimar a separação, com desvio médio de 25 %.Abstract: The main objective of this work is to study the phase separation phenomena in a vertical tee. A two-dimensional computer code was used to solve the two-fluid model equations, using the finite volume method. A fundamental part is the development of simple model to viscous diffusion term, assuming laminar flow. Special attention is directed to the modelling of the constitutive equation for the interfacial friction term. The phase separation was simulated considering two values of branch-to-inlet diameter ratio, 0.5 and 1, according to reported experimental results . Detailed distributions of void fraction, pressure and velocity of both phases are presented. A good agreement was obtained between the computer code results and the experimental data, when the extraction rate was greater than 0.3. The mean deviation for these data was about 10 %. For lower extraction rate, a three - dimensional model would be more suitable. ln this case, the mean deviation for alI data was about 25 %, with a tendency of the split ratio to be under predicted

Advantages and disadvantages of EAGs suitable for malaria surveillance.

<p>Advantages and disadvantages of EAGs suitable for malaria surveillance.</p

Comparison of estimates of coverage of control interventions between EAGs and the population.

<p>Comparison of estimates of coverage of control interventions between EAGs and the population.</p

Comparison of estimates of coverage of malaria morbidity between EAGs and the population.

<p>Comparison of estimates of coverage of malaria morbidity between EAGs and the population.</p

Absolute prevalence difference in estimates of standard malaria indicators.

<p>ANC = Antenatal Clinic OPD = All OPD SC = School children WSC = Well or sick child BS = Blood slide PCR = Polymerase chain reaction RDT = Rapid diagnostic test.</p

Relationship between the results of the classification of malaria endemicity between EAG and population sampling.

<p>Relationship between the results of the classification of malaria endemicity between EAG and population sampling.</p

Criteria evaluating the suitability of EAGs for malaria surveillance.

<p>Criteria evaluating the suitability of EAGs for malaria surveillance.</p