2,657 research outputs found

    Null-vectors in Integrable Field Theory

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    The form factor bootstrap approach allows to construct the space of local fields in the massive restricted sine-Gordon model. This space has to be isomorphic to that of the corresponding minimal model of conformal field theory. We describe the subspaces which correspond to the Verma modules of primary fields in terms of the commutative algebra of local integrals of motion and of a fermion (Neveu-Schwarz or Ramond depending on the particular primary field). The description of null-vectors relies on the relation between form factors and deformed hyper-elliptic integrals. The null-vectors correspond to the deformed exact forms and to the deformed Riemann bilinear identity. In the operator language, the null-vectors are created by the action of two operators \CQ (linear in the fermion) and \CC (quadratic in the fermion). We show that by factorizing out the null-vectors one gets the space of operators with the correct character. In the classical limit, using the operators \CQ and \CC we obtain a new, very compact, description of the KdV hierarchy. We also discuss a beautiful relation with the method of Whitham.Comment: 36 pages, Late

    Development of molecular biology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison

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    Author Posting. © The Author, 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Portland Press Ltd for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Biology of the Cell 99 (2007): 717-724, doi:10.1042/BC20070061.Dramatic changes in the foundation of academic departments in our Universities are uncommon. With the demonstration that DNA was the cellular source of genetic information, and that this information could be regulated, the field of Molecular Biology was born. Later when scientists found that they could tinker with this information, the field matured. In an unusually rapid manner, Molecular Biology was integrated into the University of Wisconsin in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. This article is a chronology of how it happened. What are the factors that made this transition possible in Madison? What lessons have we learned from this experience

    Evaluation of a multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service for adults with morbid obesity, or obesity and comorbidities, based in primary care

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    A multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service in primary care recruited patients with a body mass index ≥40 kg·m−2, or 30 kg·m−2 with obesity-related co-morbidity to a 1-year programme. A cohort of 230 participants was recruited and evaluated using the National Obesity Observatory Standard Evaluation Framework. The primary outcome was weight loss of at least 5% of baseline weight at 12 months. Diet was assessed using the two-item food frequency questionnaire, activity using the General Practice Physical Activity questionnaire and quality of life using the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire. A focus group explored the participants' experiences. Baseline mean weight was 124.4 kg and mean body mass index was 44.1 kg·m−2. A total of 102 participants achieved 5% weight loss at 12 months. The mean weight loss was 10.2 kg among the 117 participants who completed the 12-month programme. Baseline observation carried forward analysis gave a mean weight loss of 5.9 kg at 12 months. Fruit and vegetable intake, activity level and quality of life all improved. The dropout rate was 14.3% at 6 months and 45.1% at 1 year. Focus group participants described high levels of satisfaction. It was possible to deliver a Tier 3 weight management service for obese patients with complex co-morbidity in a primary care setting with a full multidisciplinary team, which obtained good health outcomes compared with existing services
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