The Efficient Synthesis of 2-Arylamino-2-imidazolines, 2-Heteroaryl- Substituted Benzimidazoles, and Their Morpholin-4-ylmethyl Derivatives

2-Heteroaryl-substituted 1H-benzimidazoles were synthesized in good yields by heating the HSO3 adducts of heteroaromatic aldehydes with o-phenylenediamine in DMF under reflux. This procedure is more general and shorter than earlier methods. 2-Arylamino-2-imidazolines were prepared by heating dimethyl aryldithioimidocarbonates and ethylenediamine under reflux. The imine-enamine tautomerization of 2-arylamino-2-imidazolines was investigated by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Morpholin-4-ylmethyl derivatives of the benzimidazole and imidazoline products were synthesized regioselectively by treatment with morpholine and formaldehyde. South African Journal of Chemistry Vol.55 2002: 119-123PDF and Supplemetry file attache

Membangun Sistem Otomasi Perpustakaan Sebagai Upaya Mempertahankan Eksistensi Perpustakaan (Studi Pada Badan Perpustakaan Arsip Dan Dokumentasi Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)

Perpustakaan sebagai suatu lembaga informasi dituntut untuk mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi agar tidak ditingalkan oleh pemustaka. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi di bidang perpustakaan dikenal dengan sistem otomasi perpustakaan. Sistem otomasi perpustakaan merupakan sistem yang memungkinkan terintegrasinya setiap kegiatan dalam perpustakaan. Dengan terotomasinya perpustakaan akan memberikan kemudahan bagi pengguna (user) otomasi yang meliputi pustakawan dan pemustaka. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem otomasi perpustakaan sebagai upaya mempertahankan eksistensi perpustakaan pada Badan Perpustakaan Arsip dan Dokumentasi Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan Badan Perpustakaan Arsip dan Dokumentasi Provinsi Sulawesi Utara sebagai tempat penelitian. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa BPAD Provinsi Sulawesi Utara belum terotomasi, sedangkan setiap kegiatan dalam perpustakaaan lebih ekfektif dan efisien dengan sistem otomasi perpustakaan. Selain itu kurangnya frekuensi kunjungan pemustaka disebabkan belum terotomasinya BPAD Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Pemanfaatan Internet Upt Perpustakaan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Dalam Menunjang Proses Belajar Mahasiswa

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pemanfaatan internet UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Sam Ratulangi dalam menunjang proses belajar mahasiswa Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif mendapatkan hasil 1 Pemanfaatan internet UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Sam Ratulangi bermanfaat dalam menunjang proses belajar mahasiswa Univesitas Sam Ratulangi. Ternyata internet memang memiliki peranan dalam akses informasi untuk proses belajar mahasiswa tersebut. Mahasiswa telah merasakan manfaatnya, khususnya dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi yang berkaitan langsung dengan pencarian informasi untuk keperluan mengerjakan tugas dosen, memperluas wawasan pengetahuan, sebagai sumber belajar mandiri dengan mencari materi perkuliahan yang akan dipelajari dalam proses belajarnya. Pengetahuan mahasiswa dalam mengunakan internet cukup baik. Mahasiswa menggunakan fasilitas website ketika melakukan pencarian informasi di internet dengan mengunjungi situs google yang mereka anggap lebih mudah digunakan.Motivasi penggunaan internet, beberapa mahasiswa menggunakan internet karena motivasi eksterna dan internal. Motivasi eksternal yaitu dari dosen mereka untuk mencari tugas kuliah, dan motivasi internal mereka adalah untuk mengisi waktu lowong mereka dan rasa ingin tahu mereka akan informasi yang baru. Aspek fasilitas fisik di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Sam Ratulangi terdiri dari : suasana atau kondisi ruangan internet, sudah lumayan baik, hanya saja kesejukkan ruangan yang perlu diperhatikan. Dari segi kualitas hardware atau software, yaitu kelengkapan komputer yang masih kurang karena ada unit komputer yang tidak memiliki mouse sendiri, sehingga tidak dapat di manfaatkan. Juga kurangnya jumlah komputer yang disediakan, sehingga tak jarang banyak mahasiswa yang ingin menggunakan komputer harus menunggu antrian karena komputer yang ada sudah terpakai semua oleh mahasiswa yang lainnya. ada pula komputer yang tidak dapat mensupport USB , yang menurut mahasiswa itu merupakan bagian yang penting ketika mereka hendak menyimpan informasi tersebut. Beberapa komputer yang sistemnya tidak berjalan dengan baik, sehingga komputer tersebut sering macet dan jaringan yang lambat. Aspek efektivitas pemanfaatan internet oleh mahasiswa terdiri dari : Segi pengetahuan/informasi yang mereka telusuri telah sesuai dengan bidang studi dari masing-masing informan. Informasi tersebut yang kemudian membantu kegiatan perkuliahan mereka seperti pemenuhan tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen ataupun untuk menggunakan portal akademik. Dari segi pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi, disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa merasa dengan adanya internet di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Sam Ratulangi telah mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi mahasiswa

Fifteen years trends of cardiogenic shock and mortality in patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndromes

PURPOSE: Our study was intended to examine time trends of management and mortality of acute coronary syndrome patients with associated diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We analyzed data from 5 nationwide registries established between 2001 and 2014, including consecutive acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to the Italian Intensive Cardiac Care Units. RESULTS: Of 28,225 participants, 8521 (30.2%) had diabetes: as compared with patients without diabetes, they were older and had significantly higher rates of prior myocardial infarction and comorbidities (all P < .0001). Prevalence of diabetes and comorbidities increased over time (P for trend < .0001). Cardiogenic shock rates were higher in patients with diabetes, as compared with those without diabetes (7.8% vs 2.8%, P < .0001), and decreased significantly over time only in patients without diabetes (P = .007). Revascularization rates increased over time in patients both with and without diabetes (both P for trend < .0001), although with persistingly lower rates in patients with diabetes. All-cause in-hospital mortality was higher in patients with diabetes (5.4 vs 2.5%, respectively, P < .0001) and decreased more consistently in patients without diabetes (P for trend = .007 and < .0001, respectively). At multivariable analysis, diabetes remains an independent predictor of both cardiogenic shock (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-2.32; P < .0001) and mortality (odds ratio 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-2.26; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant mortality reductions observed over 15 years in acute coronary syndromes, patients with diabetes continue to show threefold higher rates of cardiogenic shock and lower revascularization rates as compared with patients without diabetes. These findings may explain the persistingly higher mortality of patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndromes

Congenital hypothyroidism due to a new deletion in the sodium/iodide symporter protein.

OBJECTIVE: Iodide transport defect (ITD) is a rare disorder characterised by an inability of the thyroid to maintain an iodide gradient across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells, that often results in congenital hypothyroidism. When present the defect is also found in the salivary glands and gastric mucosa and it has been shown to arise from abnormalities of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). PATIENT: We describe a woman with hypothyroidism identified at the 3rd month of life. The diagnosis of ITD was suspected because of nodular goitre, and little if any iodide uptake by the thyroid and salivary glands. Treatment with iodide partially corrected the hypothyroidism; however, long-term substitution therapy with L-thyroxine was started. MEASUREMENTS: Thyroid radioiodide uptake was only 1.4% and 0.3% at 1 and 24 h after the administration of recombinant human TSH. The saliva to plasma I- ratio was 1.1 indicating that the inability of the thyroid gland to concentrate I- was also present in the salivary glands. RESULTS: Analysis of the patient's NIS gene revealed a 15 nucleotide (nt) deletion of the coding sequence (nt 1314 through nt 1328) and the insertion of 15 nt duplicating the first 15 nt of the adjacent intron. The patient was homozygous for this insertion/deletion, while both consanguineous parents were heterozygous. This deletion predicts the production of a protein lacking the five terminal amino acids of exon XI (439-443) which are located in the 6th intracellular loop. COS-7 cells transfected with a vector expressing the mutant del-(439-443) NIS failed to concentrate iodide, suggesting that the mutation was the direct cause of the ITD in this patient. CONCLUSION: In conclusion we describe the first Italian case of congenital hypothyroidism due to a new deletion in the NIS gene

Poor early growth and high salt intake in Indian infants

The influence of feeding patterns on the growth of infants and how salt is included in the diet are unknown in the area of West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional study was carried on 517 infants (median age 6.5 months). Negative Z-scores were observed for all anthropometric parameters. About 72.7% of infants aged 0-6 months received exclusive breastfeeding. In the 6-12-month-old group (n\u2009=\u2009235), 91.5% had salt added to foods. In a regression model adjusted for age, a low salt diet resulted a significant factor in increasing weight-for-length and BMI for age z-scores, with increments equal to 0.637 SD (p\u2009=\u20090.037) and 0.650 SD (p\u2009=\u20090.036), respectively. In West Bengal infants showing poor growth, breastfeeding was associated with better anthropometric indexes, but early in life salt is added to their diet. Early life low weight coupled with high salt intake may be a risk factor for arterial hypertension in Indian children

are drug eluting stents superior to bare metal stents in patients with unprotected non bifurcational left main disease insights from a multicentre registry

Aims To compare long-term clinical outcome following drug-eluting stents (DES) or bare-metal stents (BMS) implantation on lesions located at the ostium or the shaft of the left main in a large real-world population. The advent of DES decreased the risk of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) restenosis when compared with BMS, but it is unclear if this advantage continues when non-bifurcational lesions are considered. Methods and results The GISE-SICI registry is a retrospective, observational multicentre registry promoted by the Italian Society of Invasive Cardiology in which 19 high-volume participating centres enrolled 1453 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention on ULMCA between January 2002 and December 2006. From the registry, a total of 479 consecutive patients with ostial and shaft lesions who underwent DES ( n = 334) or BMS ( n = 145) implantation were analysed with extensive multivariable and propensity score adjustments. At 3-year follow-up, risk-adjusted survival rates were higher in patients treated with DES than in those treated with BMS. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of mortality after DES implantation relative to BMS implantation was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.15–0.96, P = 0.04). The adjusted HR for the risk of cardiac mortality was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.09–1.04, P = 0.06). The adjusted 3-year rates of target lesion revascularization (TLR) were not significantly lower in the DES group than in the BMS group ( P = 0.60). Conclusion In a large population of patients with lesions located at the ostium or the shaft of the left main in a real-world setting, DES were associated with favourable clinical outcomes when compared with BMS, although there was no evidence of a significant reduction in TLR with DES vs. BMS