97 research outputs found

    Intérieurs hollandais

    Get PDF
    Le thĂšme du CongrĂšs annuel de l’Association nĂ©erlandaise des bibliothĂšques publiques Ă©tait : « CrĂ©er un paradis public ». Rien de plus ambitieux. Cette osmose recherchĂ©e entre espace intime et espace public trouverait-elle sa rĂ©alisation dans la bibliothĂšque du « Polder model »

    Un cadre interprĂ©tatif pour enrichir la rĂ©flexivité : le cas d’une formation Ă  la mĂ©diation civile et commerciale

    Get PDF
    L’interrogation des pratiques professionnelles par les professionnels eux-mĂȘmes en discussion collective leur permet d’amĂ©liorer leur comprĂ©hension des activitĂ©s de travail et de dĂ©velopper des compĂ©tences Ă  la rĂ©flexivitĂ©. Dans le champ de l’éducation, un enjeu est de proposer de nouveaux cadres interprĂ©tatifs afin que les professionnels perçoivent leur activitĂ© sous de nouveaux angles et que les Ă©changes sur les pratiques soient enrichis. Le but de cet article est de proposer un nouveau cadre interprĂ©tatif mobilisable pour l’étude des activitĂ©s professionnelles qui se matĂ©rialisent Ă  travers des interactions langagiĂšres. Le cadre exploite des modĂšles, thĂ©ories, notions, mĂ©thodologies issues des sciences du langage et de la psychologie de la communication. L’enjeu de l’article est d’étudier l’apport de ce cadre dans un processus de formation Ă  la mĂ©diation civile et commerciale destinĂ©e Ă  des avocats et des notaires. Le dispositif de formation exploite la technique du jeu de rĂŽle, les rĂ©sultats d’analyse des productions Ă©mises en jeu de rĂŽle–analyse basĂ©e sur le cadre –, une discussion collective consĂ©cutive au jeu de rĂŽle et une discussion en allo-confrontation au cours de laquelle les rĂ©sultats d’analyse mobilisant le cadre sont prĂ©sentĂ©s. De cette Ă©tude, il ressort que la restitution des rĂ©sultats d’analyse du jeu de rĂŽle basĂ©e sur ce cadre permet d’éclairer l’activitĂ© communicationnelle sous des angles auxquels les formĂ©s n’ont pas accĂšs d’emblĂ©e, de mettre au jour des dysfonctionnements/phĂ©nomĂšnes restĂ©s jusque-lĂ  inaperçus. Surtout, cette restitution fournit les outils conceptuels Ă  une rĂ©flexivitĂ© utile, le cas Ă©chĂ©ant, Ă  l’optimisation des pratiques professionnelles.Reflection on professional practices by professionals themselves in collective discussions allows them to improve their understanding of work activities, and to develop reflexivity skills. In the educational field, one challenge is to offer new interpretive frameworks allowing professionals to perceive their activity in a new light and enhance reflection on practices in collective discussion. The goal of this paper is to present a new interpretive framework that can be used to study professional practices that take place through linguistic interactions. This framework includes models, theories, concepts and methodologies taken from language sciences and the psychology of communication. The issue in this paper is to study how this framework contributes to the process of training lawyers and notaries in civil and commercial mediation. The training system uses: (i) the role-play technique, (ii) the results of the analysis of verbal productions voiced during role-play (analysis based on the framework), (iii) a collective discussion consecutive to the role-play and (iv) a discussion in allo-confrontation, during which the results of the analysis are presented. From this study, we can see that the restitution of the results of the role play analysis based on the framework clarifies the communicational activity from viewpoints that are not immediately accessible to the trainees. It also makes it possible to revise dysfunctions/phenomena that have so far gone unnoticed. Above all, it provides conceptual tools for a reflexivity that might be useful in the optimization of professional practice

    A novel CISD2 mutation associated with a classical Wolfram syndrome phenotype alters Ca2+ homeostasis and ER-mitochondria interactions.

    Get PDF
    Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by early-onset optic atrophy and diabetes mellitus, which can be associated with more extensive central nervous system and endocrine complications. The majority of patients harbour pathogenic WFS1 mutations, but recessive mutations in a second gene, CISD2, have been described in a small number of families with Wolfram syndrome type 2 (WFS2). The defining diagnostic criteria for WFS2 also consist of optic atrophy and diabetes mellitus, but unlike WFS1, this phenotypic subgroup has been associated with peptic ulcer disease and an increased bleeding tendency. Here, we report on a novel homozygous CISD2 mutation (c.215A > G; p.Asn72Ser) in a Moroccan patient with an overlapping phenotype suggesting that Wolfram syndrome type 1 and type 2 form a continuous clinical spectrum with genetic heterogeneity. The present study provides strong evidence that this particular CISD2 mutation disturbs cellular Ca2+ homeostasis with enhanced Ca2+ flux from the ER to mitochondria and cytosolic Ca2+ abnormalities in patient-derived fibroblasts. This Ca2+ dysregulation was associated with increased ER-mitochondria contact, a swollen ER lumen and a hyperfused mitochondrial network in the absence of overt ER stress. Although there was no marked alteration in mitochondrial bioenergetics under basal conditions, culture of patient-derived fibroblasts in glucose-free galactose medium revealed a respiratory chain defect in complexes I and II, and a trend towards decreased ATP levels. Our results provide important novel insight into the potential disease mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative consequences of CISD2 mutations and the subsequent development of multisystemic disease

    A mitochondrial origin for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through CHCHD10 involvement.

    Get PDF
    Mitochondrial DNA instability disorders are responsible for a large clinical spectrum, among which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like symptoms and frontotemporal dementia are extremely rare. We report a large family with a late-onset phenotype including motor neuron disease, cognitive decline resembling frontotemporal dementia, cerebellar ataxia and myopathy. In all patients, muscle biopsy showed ragged-red and cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibres with combined respiratory chain deficiency and abnormal assembly of complex V. The multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions found in skeletal muscle revealed a mitochondrial DNA instability disorder. Patient fibroblasts present with respiratory chain deficiency, mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. Interestingly, expression of matrix-targeted photoactivatable GFP showed that mitochondrial fusion was not inhibited in patient fibroblasts. Using whole-exome sequencing we identified a missense mutation (c.176C>T; p.Ser59Leu) in the CHCHD10 gene that encodes a coiled-coil helix coiled-coil helix protein, whose function is unknown. We show that CHCHD10 is a mitochondrial protein located in the intermembrane space and enriched at cristae junctions. Overexpression of a CHCHD10 mutant allele in HeLa cells led to fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and ultrastructural major abnormalities including loss, disorganization and dilatation of cristae. The observation of a frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mitochondrial disease led us to analyse CHCHD10 in a cohort of 21 families with pathologically proven frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We identified the same missense p.Ser59Leu mutation in one of these families. This work opens a novel field to explore the pathogenesis of the frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical spectrum by showing that mitochondrial disease may be at the origin of some of these phenotypes

    C5b9 Deposition in Glomerular Capillaries Is Associated With Poor Kidney Allograft Survival in Antibody-Mediated Rejection

    Get PDF
    C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries (PTC) reflects complement activation in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) of kidney allograft. However, its association with allograft survival is controversial. We hypothesized that capillary deposition of C5b9—indicative of complement-mediated injury—is a severity marker of ABMR. This pilot study aimed to determine the frequency, location and prognostic impact of these deposits in ABMR. We retrospectively selected patients diagnosed with ABMR in two French transplantation centers from January 2005 to December 2014 and performed C4d and C5b9 staining by immunohistochemistry. Fifty-four patients were included. Median follow-up was 52.5 (34.25–73.5) months. Thirteen patients (24%) had C5b9 deposits along glomerular capillaries (GC). Among these, seven (54%) had a global and diffuse staining pattern. Twelve of the C5b9+ patients also had deposition of C4d in GC and PTC. C4d deposits along GC and PTC were not associated with death-censored allograft survival (p = 0.42 and 0.69, respectively). However, death-censored allograft survival was significantly lower in patients with global and diffuse deposition of C5b9 in GC than those with a segmental pattern or no deposition (median survival after ABMR diagnosis, 6 months, 40.5 months and 44 months, respectively; p = 0.015). Double contour of glomerular basement membrane was diagnosed earlier after transplantation in C5b9+ ABMR than in C5b9– ABMR (median time after transplantation, 28 vs. 85 months; p = 0.058). In conclusion, we identified a new pattern of C5b9+ ABMR, associated with early onset of glomerular basement membrane duplication and poor allograft survival. Complement inhibitors might be a therapeutic option for this subgroup of patients

    Effects of age on the structure of the epididymis and on the fertility and progeny outcome in the brown Norway rat

    No full text
    The effects of age on the structure and functions of the epididymis were studied using the Brown Norway rat model. Striking quantitative and qualitative changes during aging in the histology of the epididymis were observed. Characteristic features of aging, such as increases in basement membrane thickness and massive accumulation of lipofuscin, were found. In addition, epididymis-specific signs of aging such as polymorphism of lysosomes, presence of giant vacuoles and spermiophagy, and a major increase in the number of halo cells were also found. The precise nature of halo cells was demonstrated by using specific antibodies. In epididymides from young adult animals, halo cells are composed of three types of immune cells: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and monocytes. The three immune cell types present increased with age in the epididymal epithelium in a segment specific manner. In contrast their numbers did not increase significantly in the interstitial tissue. Furthermore, the concentration of cytotoxic T cells and monocytes-macrophages was enhanced in the epididymal epithelium of aged rats whose epididymal lumen contained few spermatozoa. The recruitment of immune cells might be triggered by the accumulation of damaged epithelial cells, or by sperm antigens leaking through the blood epididymis barrier. Thus, the epididymal microenvironment that is essential for the maturation of spermatozoa could be altered in old age. The effect of advancing paternal age on pregnancy and progeny outcomes was assessed by mating Brown Norway male rats of increasing age with young Sprague-Dawley females. The effects of advancing paternal age on the offspring included an increase in preimplantation loss, a decrease in the average fetal weight on day 20 of gestation, and an increase in early neonatal death. These results indicated that the quality of spermatozoa decreases as males age

    Livrable L6.1 Choix des scénarios d'interactions VL / piétons et cyclistes - Projet SURCA - Sécurité des Usagers de la Route et Conduite Automatisée

    No full text
    Les questions posĂ©es par la cohabitation de vĂ©hicules de plus en plus automatisĂ©s avec des vĂ©hicules conventionnels et des usagers vulnĂ©rables, cyclistes, piĂ©tons, deux-roues motorisĂ©s, sont au coeur des prĂ©occupations des dĂ©cideurs publics, constructeurs, ou spĂ©cialistes de l'infrastructure routiĂšre et de la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre. Tous ont l'espoir que ces nouvelles technologies contribuent Ă  amĂ©liorer la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre. L'objectif global du projet « SĂ©curitĂ© des Usagers de la Route et Conduite AutomatisĂ©es, SURCA » est de contribuer Ă  une meilleure intĂ©gration de la Conduite AutomatisĂ©e dans la circulation actuelle. Les partenaires du projet (Ifsttar, DSR, Ceesar, Cerema, Vedecom, Lab), ont ainsi comme objectif d'identifier quelles interactions existent et quelles stratĂ©gies pertinentes sont mises en place par les conducteurs pour proposer des recommandations aux concepteurs de vĂ©hicules autonomes sur les besoins en termes d'interactions et en termes de comportement du vĂ©hicule autonome. Pour cela, il est prĂ©vu d'analyser des bases de donnĂ©es existantes sur la conduite des vĂ©hicules conventionnels et d'identifier les facteurs qui peuvent expliquer des comportements diffĂ©rents. Les connaissances issues de ces bases seront utilisables pour simuler l'introduction de la conduite automatisĂ©e de niveaux 3, 4 et 5, avec des taux de pĂ©nĂ©tration faibles. La gestion des interactions avec les autres usagers doit ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e dĂšs que le vĂ©hicule peut Ă©voluer en autonomie sans supervision du conducteur, quelles que soient la durĂ©e et les sections sur lesquelles cette automatisation sera possible. En cas de taux de pĂ©nĂ©tration trĂšs important, d'autres types d'interactions risquent de se mettre en place et devront alors ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ©s. Ce travail a permis d'identifier les scĂ©narios d'interaction critiques entre un futur VĂ©hicule AutomatisĂ© (VA) et un piĂ©ton ou un cycliste. A partir des scĂ©narios d'accidents VĂ©hicule LĂ©ger (VL)/piĂ©tons ou cyclistes connus dans les bases de donnĂ©es VOIESUR et FLAM, une premiĂšre analyse « macro » a permis d'identifier les scĂ©narios Ă  enjeu. Cette analyse repose sur l'Ă©valuation de la criticitĂ© des interactions avec un potentiel vĂ©hicule automatisĂ© Ă  l'aide de quatre critĂšres : Est-ce que le scĂ©nario est chalengeant pour le VA, est-il frĂ©quemment rencontrĂ© lors de la conduite « normale », gĂ©nĂšre-t-il souvent une situation d'incident et nĂ©cessite-t-il une intervention humaine dĂ©cisive pour Ă©viter l'accident. Les grandes familles d'interaction retenues pour le piĂ©ton sont : Les piĂ©tons traversant en intersection avec toutes manoeuvres du VA (VA allant tout droit, tournant Ă  droite, tournant Ă  gauche), Les piĂ©tons traversant sur une portion de route hors intersection (ligne droite ou courbe) en et hors passage piĂ©ton, Les piĂ©tons sur la voie, longeant la route de face ou de dos du mĂȘme cĂŽtĂ© que le VA ou sur voie opposĂ©e. Concernant les cyclistes, les grandes familles d'interaction retenues sont : Les cyclistes en intersection pour tous types de manoeuvres (tout droit, tournant Ă  droite, tournant Ă  gauche) et confrontĂ©s Ă  un VA, Les cyclistes s'engageant sur un rond-point, Les cyclistes Ă  contre sens du VA ou circulant sur la voie opposĂ©e au VA. Une deuxiĂšme analyse « micro » a permis de mieux cerner les paramĂštres Ă  prendre en compte dans ces scĂ©narios. Les partenaires du projet devaient prĂ©ciser les types d'analyses qu'ils souhaitaient rĂ©aliser Ă  partir du tableau des scĂ©narios retenus, en utilisant une fiche d'analyse comportementale Ă©laborĂ©e par le WP3 pour dĂ©crire, au mieux, les situations qu'il souhaitait rechercher dans les bases de donnĂ©es et les paramĂštres Ă  disposer pour mener ces analyses. Parmi les analyses qui seront rĂ©alisĂ©es, on trouve notamment des problĂ©matiques portant sur la dĂ©tection de l'usager vulnĂ©rable, la soudainetĂ© de leurs comportements, leurs prĂ©sences dans des zones sans marquage rĂšglementaire, la difficultĂ© pour le VA de choisir une manoeuvre Ă  rĂ©aliser, etc

    Les transpositions de canines maxillaires. Aspect parodontal et thérapeutique orthodontique

    No full text
    L'Ă©change de position de deux dents adjacentes constitue une transposition. Les transpositions de canines maxillaires sont peu frĂ©quentes (0,2 % d'une population orthodontique). Elles peuvent ĂȘtre dĂ©tectĂ©es prĂ©cocement lors de contrĂŽle radiographique ou Ă  l'examen clinique aprĂšs l'Ă©volution des dents. La plupart des auteurs Ă©voquent une origine gĂ©nĂ©tique mais des facteurs locaux pourraient se rajouter. Elles sont souvent associĂ©es Ă  d'autres anomalies dentaires. L'environnement muco-gingival est un facteur important dans l'Ă©valuation des risques iatrogĂšnes ce qui peut indiquer diffrents amĂ©nagements tissulaires prĂ©alables. Il faut diffĂ©rencier les cas de transposition incomplĂšte et de transposition complĂšte partielle qu'il est presque toujours possible de traiter, des cas de transposition complĂšte ou de transposition complĂšte totale oĂč il est relativement difficile voire impossible de corriger la transposition
    • 

    corecore