Parametric attosecond pulse amplification far from the ionization threshold from high order harmonic generation in He+^+

Parametric amplification of attosecond coherent pulses around 100 eV at the single-atom level is demonstrated for the first time by using the 3D time-dependent Schr{\"o}dinger equation in high-harmonic generation processes from excited states of He$^+$. We present the attosecond dynamics of the amplification process far from the ionization threshold and resolve the physics behind it. The amplification of a particular central photon energy requires the seed XUV pulses to be perfectly synchronized in time with the driving laser field for stimulated recombination to the He$^+$ ground state and is only produced in a few specific laser cycles in agreement with the experimental measurements. Our simulations show that the amplified photon energy region can be controlled by varying the peak intensity of the laser field. Our results pave the way to the realization of compact attosecond pulse intense XUV lasers with broad applications

Characterization of different Arundo donax L. Clones from the Mediterranean region

The present study assessed the behaviour of a tour ecotypes of Arundo donax L. (giant reed) as a perennial rhizomatous grass with an increasing interest due to its high biomass production and great s adaptability to stress conditions. In this study we perform a molecular, physiological and biomass characterization in greenhouse conditions on four mediterranean ecotypes. Not large significant differences were found in physiological and biomass parameters. However, it was possible to observe large differences in the chromosome count for the four ecotypes. In this way, we detected different number of chromosomes for each ecotype (98 to 122), but surprisingly, no correlation was observad between their chromosomes number and their physiological and biomass responses

Análisis de la asistencia psicológica en el cáncer de mama

Introducción: A pesar de los avances médicos en el pronóstico y supervivencia del cáncer de mama, este sigue siendo el tumor maligno más frecuente en las mujeres de todo el mundo. Las pacientes ven afectadas todas las esferas de su vida (personal, familiar, social y laboral) con el desajuste psicológico que eso conlleva.Objetivos: La finalidad de este trabajo es describir el impacto psicosocial del cáncer de mama y conocer los recursos destinados a la atención psicológica de estas pacientes y sus familiares en España y Aragón.Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en distintas bases de datos donde se encontraron artículos e informes (en su mayoría de los últimos 10 años, en inglés y español), acerca de los aspectos psicológicos del cáncer de mama y de la asistencia psicológica proporcionada a pacientes y familiares.Resultados y discusión: Los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos, la personalidad de la paciente y una buena red de apoyo son algunos de los factores que influyen en el distrés psicológico de estas pacientes. La psicoterapia es beneficiosa en todas las etapas del proceso, facilita la adaptación emocional y mejora la capacidad de afrontamiento. Aunque se contempla ofrecer este apoyo psicológico en los planes autonómicos, nacionales e internacionales a pacientes y familiares con cáncer, la realidad es que hay una falta de cobertura de este servicio.Conclusiones: Resulta evidente la necesidad de un abordaje psicológico de estas pacientes debido al gran malestar emocional que pueden desarrollar ante el diagnóstico, tratamiento y periodo de supervivencia del cáncer de mama. Tanto en España como en Aragón, no están cubiertas las necesidades de la atención psicológica de pacientes y familiares por lo que hace falta una mejora de esa planificación.Palabras clave: Breast Neoplasms, Psychotherapy, Anxiety, Depression, Psychological Distress, Quality of life.<br /

Understanding Pretend Emotions in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) and born to hearing parents have delays in their social-cognitive development and in particular in their theory of mind (ToM). These delays are often attributed to the difficulties they encounter in acquiring age-appropriate linguistic and communicative skills. The present study asks whether this developmental delay extends to problems with understanding pretend emotions and if linguistic difficulties are related to this area. A total of 173 children (82 DHH and 91 hearing) between 3 and 8 years of age received a set of emotion and language measures. Results showed that children who are DHH were delayed in understanding pretend emotions, and this was strongly related to their difficulties with expressive vocabulary and pragmatics. In summary, children who are DHH and have experienced reduced access to language and communicative interaction have a restricted understanding of the communicative intentions of emotional expressions. These delays may have implications for their social relationships with surrounding family and other children

All-solid-state VUV frequency comb at 160 nm using high-harmonic generation in nonlinear femtosecond enhancement cavity

© 2019 Optical Society of America. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved.We realized a solid-state-based vacuum ultraviolet frequency comb by harmonics generation in an external enhancement cavity. Optical conversions were so far reported by only using gaseous media. We present a theory that allows the most suited solid generation medium to be selected for specific target harmonics by adapting the material’s bandgap. We experimentally use a thin AlN film grown on a sapphire substrate to realize a compact frequency comb high-harmonic source in the Deep Ultraviolet (DUV)/Vacuum Ultraviolet/Deep Ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range. By extending our earlier VUV source [Opt. Express 26, 21900 (2018)] with the enhancement cavity, a sub-Watt level Ti:sapphire femtosecond frequency comb is enhanced to 24 W stored average power, its 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics are generated, and the targeted 5th harmonic’s power at 160 nm increased by two orders of magnitude. The emerging nonlinear effects in the solid medium, together with suitable intra-cavity dispersion management, support optimal enhancement and stable locking. To demonstrate the realized frequency comb’s spectroscopic ability, we report on the beat measurement between the 3rd harmonic beam and a 266 nm CW laser reaching about 1 MHz accuracy.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The Non-Canonical Wnt/PKC Pathway Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics through Degradation of the Arm-Like Domain-Containing Protein Alex3

The regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is vital in complex cell types, such as neurons, that transport and localize mitochondria in high energy-demanding cell domains. The Armcx3 gene encodes a mitochondrial-targeted protein (Alex3) that contains several arm-like domains. In a previous study we showed that Alex3 protein regulates mitochondrial aggregation and trafficking. Here we studied the contribution of Wnt proteins to the mitochondrial aggregation and dynamics regulated by Alex3. Overexpression of Alex3 in HEK293 cells caused a marked aggregation of mitochondria, which was attenuated by treatment with several Wnts. We also found that this decrease was caused by Alex3 degradation induced by Wnts. While the Wnt canonical pathway did not alter the pattern of mitochondrial aggregation induced by Alex3, we observed that the Wnt/PKC non-canonical pathway regulated both mitochondrial aggregation and Alex3 protein levels, thereby rendering a mitochondrial phenotype and distribution similar to control patterns. Our data suggest that the Wnt pathway regulates mitochondrial distribution and dynamics through Alex3 protein degradation

Challenges to support edge-as-a-service

A new era in telecommunications is emerging. Virtualized networking functions and resources will offer network operators a way to shift the balance of expenditure from capital to operational, opening up networks to new and innovative services. This article introduces the concept of edge as a service (EaaS), a means of harnessing the flexibility of virtualized network functions and resources to enable network operators to break the tightly coupled relationship they have with their infrastructure and enable more effective ways of generating revenue. To achieve this vision, we envisage a virtualized service access interface that can be used to programmatically alter access network functions and resources available to service providers in an elastic fashion. EaaS has many technically and economically difficult challenges that must be addressed before it can become a reality; the main challenges are summarized in this article