Actividad antiespasmódica de extractos de plantas medicinales en preparaciones de íleon de cobayo

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Biomédica) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

IN VIVO EFFECT OF RUTA CHALEPENSIS EXTRACT ON HEPATIC CYTOCHROME 3A1 IN RATS

Background: Since the time when drugs began to be used, it became evident that they could produce a therapeutic effect, but also a clinical condition of toxicity or no effect at all on humans, despite using the same doses in different patients. Such untoward effects were termed “drug idiosyncrasy” and also “idiosyncratic drug effects”, but the factors producing such diverse responses were never taken into account. Materials and Methods: Ruta chalepensis L. (fringed rue) is an herbaceous plant of the Rutaceae family used in traditional medicine due to its properties, such as its analgesic and antipyretic effects. This study used 25 male rats divided into five groups. Plant extract was administered to Groups 1 and 2 at doses of 100 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively, for three days; Group 3 was administered 100 mg/kg/day of dexamethasone (DEX), as well as 100 mg/kg/day of Ruta chalepensis extract; Group 4 was administered 100 mg/kg/day of DEX and treated as positive control; Group 5 was treated as negative control and was administered a physiological solution. Twenty-four hours after the the last dose, the animals were sacrificed and their livers were extracted. Results: The aqueous extract of Ruta chalepensis, intraperitoneally administered, was able to induce cytochrome 3A1 in doses of 30 mg/kg/day, and a greater inducing effect occurs when the plant is co-administered in doses of 100 mg/kg/day with dexamethasone. Conclusion: This study suggests that aqueous extract of Ruta chalepensis can induce cytochrome 3a1. This study helps provide a better understanding of CYP3a regulation. Future in vitro work is needed to determine the compounds that produce the cytochrome modulation

El Extracto Acuoso de Orégano (Lippia graveolens HBK) del Norte de México Tiene Actividad Antioxidante sin Mostrar un Efecto Tóxico in vitro e in vivo

Desde tiempos antiguos la medicina tradicional ha usado extensamente las especies del género Lippia como analgésicos, antiinflamatorios, antipiréticos, antifúngicos, etc. Numerosos estudios describen diversos compuestos presentes en extractos acuosos, metanólicos, o aceites esenciales de estas plantas, siendo los flavonoides los compuestos más abundantes. Sin embargo, la composición y cantidad de los metabolitos secundarios dependen de la zona geográfica, factores climáticos, altitud, época de cosecha y estado de crecimiento de estas plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antioxidante del extracto acuoso de orégano (Lippia graveolens HBK) del Norte de México y su efecto tóxico in vitro e in vivo. La capacidad antioxidante del extracto acuoso se midió por el método de DPPH en seis diluciones del extracto (5-160 mg/mL) y se utilizó Trolox como referencia; para el efecto tóxico in vitro se usó el ensayo de citotoxicidad con larvas de Artemia salina. Para el efecto in vivo se emplearon 24 ratones árabes machos divididos en 6 grupos de animales (n=4): 4 grupos experimentales con 10, 100, 1000 y 5000 mg del extracto/ kg de peso administrados vía oral respectivamente, además de un grupo control positivo (5 mg de colchicina/kg de peso vía i.p) y un grupo control negativo (solo agua destilada). Después del tratamiento los ratones se sacrificaron y se colectaron muestras de hígado y riñón que se sometieron a estudios histológicos e histoquímicos, además se realizó un análisis cuantitativo. La actividad antioxidante del extracto acuoso de orégano se presentó a 160 mg/mL. La CL50 fue mayor a 1,000 µg/mL por lo que el extracto se considera no tóxico. En el análisis morfológico in vivo con distintas dosis del extracto acuoso de orégano no se observó un efecto tóxico. Los resultados obtenidos validan el uso del orégano en la medicina tradicional

El extracto acuoso de ruta graveolens del norte de México causa apoptosis y muestra efecto antiproliferativo sobre el hígado de rata wistar: evidencia morfológica

Ruta graveolens es una planta nativa del Mediterráneo Oriental y del área Sur Occidental de Asia, de esta planta se han aislado más de 120 compuestos químicos. En un estudio previo en nuestro laboratorio se observó que un extracto acuoso de R. graveolens causó necrosis y alteraciones morfológicas sugestivas de apoptosis sobre el hígado de rata Wistar. El objetivo del presente estudio, fue evaluar la inducción de apoptosis y el posible efecto antiproliferativo in vivo de un extracto acuso de R. graveolens del norte de México, mediante métodos inmunohistoquímicos. Se utilizaron 25 ratas Wistar y se dividieron en 5 grupos (n=5). El grupo 1 correspondió al grupo control negativo, el grupo 2 o control positivo se trató con 100 mg de dexametasona/kg/día. Los grupos 3 y 4 se trataron con 30 y 100 mg de extracto de R. graveolens/kg/día respectivamente. Al grupo 5 se le administraron 100 mg de dexametasona/kg/día combinados con 100 mg de extracto de R. graveolens/kg/día. Las administraciones se realizaron vía intraperitoneal por tres días. Los animales se sacrificaron por dislocación cervical, y se tomaron muestras de hígado que se fijaron en formalina, posteriormente se incluyeron en bloques de parafina. Se obtuvieron cortes histológicos que se tiñeron con el método tricrómico de Masson. También se realizaron pruebas inmunohistoquímicas de TUNEL, anti-bcl-2 y anti-PCNA; además de un estudio morfométrico. Los resultados demuestran por primera vez el potencial apoptósico y antiproliferativo del extracto acuoso de R. graveolens del norte de México, sobre el hígado de rata Wistar. Se sugiere la posibilidad de emplear dosis menores a las administradas en este estudio del extracto acuoso de R. graveolens, para investigar su potencial uso como agente antineoplásico en estudios in vitro con líneas celulares tumorales e/o implantadas en modelos murinos de cáncer

Adjuvant effect of Garlic extracts (Allium sativum L.) on the production of γ globulin in mice immunized with ovalbumin

The antigens used in vaccines are usually attenuated or inactivated microorganisms, toxoids or purified particles. The purified particles have a better biosecurity but their capacity to generate an immune response is low, therefore vaccines include adjuvants that seek to improve immunogenicity. Unfortunately, adjuvants have side effects so only aluminum saltsare currently used as adjuvants. So that this work evaluated an adjuvant of garlic extracts, a plant with immunomodulatory properties, in mice immunized with ovalbumin. To formulate the adjuvant, biotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays with a model of Artemia salina and haemolytic activity were considered respectively. A qualitative phytochemical analysis andquantification of phenolic compounds were carried out and in the immunization scheme 100 μg of antigen with adjuvant were administered at day 1, 50 and 100 μg of antigen on days 14 and 28 respectively. The sacrifice of the animals was done on day 30. Leukocytes and γ globulins were quantified at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. A lethal dose 50% of 1430 μg/mL was calculated for the Garlic extracts, a haemolytic activity of 2.66% and 7.53% was observed (p<0.05) for the concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL. And it was only possible to identify the presence of tannins in the aqueous extract of Garlic. With the results obtained, significant differences were observed in leukocyte counts and concentration of γglobulins at the end of the immunization scheme (p<0.05). Concluding that the results with the adjuvant of Garlic at 10 μg/mL concentration were comparable to those found with the adjuvant of aluminum salts

<i>Yoga</i> practice improves sleep quality of people living with HIV on ART

105-108Sleep is a physiological state of self-regulation and resting. Sleep and sleep quality in people living with HIV are altered by many factors among which are: 1) Infection-itself, 2) The diagnosis, and 3) Treatment. Yoga is known for its beneficial effects on physiologic and psychological functions, besides it improves the quality of life of people. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoga practicingon sleep quality of people living with HIV on ART. One hundred twenty five people living with HIV without antecedent of practicing yoga were invited to participate in this study and 82 people agreed to participate in systematic yoga exercises for 30 min 3 times a week in a period of 8 weeks. Participants were later randomly assigned into one of the three yoga programs (only Asanas, only Pranayama and both Asanas-Pranayama). Quality of sleep was assessed using semi-structured interview focusing on the following sleep disturbances: 1) difficulty to fall asleep, 2) sleep less than 6 hours and 3) fragmented sleep. The analysis was performed using SPSS 21 for Windows software package. Results are expressed as the frequencies of sleep disturbances at the beginning and at the end of the study among study programs. Z-test for proportion differences was employed being significant P values Yoga programs resulted in proportions differences, yet not significant, between starting and ending the study among sleep disturbances. However a significant proportion difference was found between Yoga practice (any program) and sleep disturbances (any); thus, we conclude that Yoga practice improves sleep quality of people living with HIV on ART

Protective effect of <i>yoga</i> against tuberculosis in people living with HIV

101-104The leading cause of death in people living with HIV (PLH) is tuberculosis. Since some studies report a beneficial effect of yoga on respiratory problems and considering that the first cause of death in PLH is tuberculosis we decide as the aim of this study: Analyzing the association of the practice of yoga and the incidence of tuberculosis in PLH. A sample of 195 PLH was invited to participate in this study. We only included people who reported performing Asana, Pranayama and Asana-Pranayama combinations. They were stratified according to yogic exercises and univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to model the relationship between yogic exercises and TB. We found a significant association between yoga and tuberculosis (p yogic exercise the last 12 months seem to have been 2.24 times more likely to pulmonary TB within the last 12 months than those who did yogic exercise; i.e., a protective effect of yoga against TB in PLH (aOR = 0.44, p = 0.047). When participants were stratified according to the yogic exercises it is shown that the protective effect is due to the practice of pranayama (aOR = 0.17, p = 0.004). All the PLH were simultaneously receiving ART; thus, we conclude that the yoga practice has an adjuvant protective effect against TB in this PLH group

HIV-1 infection inhibition by neem (<em>Azadirachta indica</em> A. Juss.) leaf extracts and Azadirachtin

437-441Mexico is a country with a strong attachment to the using of traditional medicine, which is heritage of pre hispanic ethnic groups of Mexican territory that are still present all across the country. The Mexican markets, dedicated exclusively to trade medicinal plants, have facilitated the using, getting and importation of plants from other regions of the world such as neem, which has been used for many health conditions, both non- communicable and infectious diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, bacterial, parasitic and viral infections, even the infection with human immunodeficiency virus. So that, the objective of this study was to evaluate HIV-1 infection inhibition by neem leaf extracts and neem compounds. Cytotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic neem leaf extracts and Azadirachtin and Limonene compounds was evaluated in CEM T-cells at concentrations of 1 ppm, 10 ppm (extracts); 1 &mu;M, 10 &mu;M (compounds). Only the aqueous extract concentration of 1 ppm and Azadirachtin at 1 &mu;M and 10 &mu;M concentrations allowed a cell viability of 100 % compared with controls p &gt; 0.05. Based on the results of cytotoxicity we proceeded to evaluate the HIV infection inhibition with the aqueous extract at concentration of 1 ppm and Azadirachtin at both concentrations. Inhibition percentages greater than 50 % were obtained and showed to be significant compared to controls p &lt; 0.001 This work evidenced the HIV infection inhibition by aqueous neem leaf extracts and Azadirachtin; even though, the antiretroviral mechanism is not completely understood. Furthermore, more studies need to be conducted in order to identify the active compound responsible for the anti HIV activity described in the aqueous extract

ATM polymorphisms IVS24-9delT, IVS38-8T>C, and 5557G>A in Mexican women with familial and/or early-onset breast cancer

Objective. To assess whether in Mexican population the frequencies of ATM polymorphisms IVS24-9delT, IVS38-8T mayor que C, and 5557G mayor que A in breast cancer (BC) cases and healthy controls were different from those found in other countries. Materials and methods. Frequencies of polymorphisms conferring BC risk IVS24-9delT, IVS38-8T mayor que C, and 5557G mayor que A were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 94 patients with familial and/or early onset BC, and 97 healthy controls randomly selected. Allele frequencies analysis was done using χ2 and Hardy-Weinberg test. Results. Frequencies of heterozygous were: for 5557G mayor que A, 13% cases, 0%controls (p=0.0009); for IVS24-9delT, 21% cases, 8% controls (p=0.0122); for IVS38-8T mayor que C, only one case. 5557G mayor que A and IVS24-9delT were more frequent in cases than in controls. The allelic frequencies found in 5557G mayor que A are similar to those described by González-Hormazábal in Chile. Conclusion. The similarity of results in this polymorphism between Chilean and Mexican populations may be due to both being crossbred with an Amerindian-Spanish component, while differences may be due to fact that Chilean population has a greater European component than Mexican’s