Cebos para Anastrepha fraterculus con proteína hidrolizada de subproductos agroindustriales pretratados con Radiación Gamma

The fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus) affects several Ecuadorian crops with export potential. Currently, a costly imported bait is used to monitor and control this pest. The aim of the present investigation was to formulate baits for the fruit fly that could replace the commercial bait. Soy cake, palm kernel cake, bovine blood and whey were used as raw material. Each material was irradiated with a dose of 20 kGy with a Cobalt-60 source, as a pretreatment. Then, the protein was extracted and hydrolyzed with a 0.025 AU/mL bromelain solution at pH 7.0 and 50 °C, for 30 min. The baits were formulated with hydrolyzed protein, molasses, water and borax, and they were placed in McPhail traps. The field evaluation was carried out in cherimoya (Annona cherimola) and guava (Psidium guajava) orchards. The hydrolysis degrees that were reached in the enzymatic process had values between 19.16 and 26.64 %. According to an SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the hydrolysates had peptides with molecular weights between 5 and 20 kDa. The bait made with palm kernel cake hydrolyzed protein and the commercial bait were statistically equal in the number of captured flies, whereas the bait made with whey protein had a higher FTD index (flies caught per trap, per day). The formulated baits could be an inexpensive alternative to the commercial bait for monitoring fruit flies in Ecuador.La mosca de la fruta (Anastrepha fraterculus) afecta a varios cultivos ecuatorianos con potencial de exportación. En la actualidad, para el monitoreo de esta plaga, se emplea un cebo importado que tiene un alto costo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo formular cebos atrayentes de mosca de la fruta que puedan reemplazar al cebo comercial. Como materia prima se empleó torta de soya, torta de palmiste, sangre bovina y suero de leche; cada material fue irradiado con una dosis de 20 kGy, en una fuente de cobalto-60, como pretratamiento. Luego, la proteína se extrajo y se hidrolizó con una solución de bromelina de 0,025 UA/mL, a pH 7,0 y 50 °C, durante 30 min. Los cebos fueron formulados con proteína hidrolizada, melaza, agua y bórax y fueron colocados en trampas McPhail. La evaluación en campo se llevó a cabo en cultivos de chirimoya (Annona cherimola) y guayaba (Psidium guajava). En el proceso enzimático se alcanzaron grados de hidrólisis entre el 19,16 y 26,64 %. Por electroforesis SDS-PAGE, se determinó que los hidrolizados proteicos contenían péptidos con pesos moleculares entre 5 y 20 kDa. Se encontró que el cebo de proteína hidrolizada de palmiste y el cebo comercial fueron estadísticamente iguales en la cantidad de moscas atrapadas, mientras que el de lactosuero presentó un mayor índice MTD (moscas capturadas por trampa, por día). Los cebos formulados podrían ser una alternativa más económica que el cebo importado para el monitoreo de la mosca de la fruta en el Ecuador

Measuring Spatial Subdivisions in Urban Mobility with Mobile Phone Data

Urban population grows constantly. By 2050 two thirds of the world population will reside in urban areas. This growth is faster and more complex than the ability of cities to measure and plan for their sustainability. To understand what makes a city inclusive for all, we define a methodology to identify and characterize spatial subdivisions: areas with over- and under-representation of specific population groups, named hot and cold spots respectively. Using aggregated mobile phone data, we apply this methodology to the city of Barcelona to assess the mobility of three groups of people: women, elders, and tourists. We find that, within the three groups, cold spots have a lower diversity of amenities and services than hot spots. Also, cold spots of women and tourists tend to have lower population income. These insights apply to the floating population of Barcelona, thus augmenting the scope of how inclusiveness can be analyzed in the city.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures. To be presented at the Data Science for Social Good workshop at The Web Conference 202

Distinct Chemical Regions in the "Prestellar" Infrared Dark Cloud G028.23–00.19

We have observed the Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) G028.23–00.19 at 3.3 mm using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy. In its center, the IRDC hosts one of the most massive (~1520 M_☉) quiescent, cold (12 K) clumps known (MM1). The low temperature, high NH2D abundance, narrow molecular line widths, and absence of embedded infrared sources (from 3.6 to 70 μm) indicate that the clump is likely prestellar. Strong SiO emission with broad line widths (6-9 km s^(–1)) and high abundances ((0.8-4) × 10^(–9)) is detected in the northern and southern regions of the IRDC, unassociated with MM1. We suggest that SiO is released to the gas phase from the dust grains through shocks produced by outflows from undetected intermediate-mass stars or clusters of low-mass stars deeply embedded in the IRDC. A weaker SiO component with narrow line widths (~2 km s^(–1)) and low abundances (4.3 × 10^(–11)) is detected in the center-west region, consistent with either a "subcloud-subcloud" collision or an unresolved population of a few low-mass stars. We report widespread CH_3OH emission throughout the whole IRDC and the first detection of extended narrow methanol emission (~2 km s^(–1)) in a cold, massive prestellar clump (MM1). We suggest that the most likely mechanism releasing methanol into the gas phase in such a cold region is the exothermicity of grain-surface reactions. HN^(13)C reveals that the IRDC is actually composed of two distinct substructures ("subclouds") separated in velocity space by ~1.4 km s^(–1). The narrow SiO component arises where the subclouds overlap. The spatial distribution of C2H resembles that of NH_2D, which suggests that C_2H also traces cold gas in this IRDC

Combined immunotherapy in melanoma patients with brain metastases: A multicenter international study

Brain metastases; Combined immunotherapy; Stereotactic radiosurgeryMetàstasis cerebrals; Immunoteràpia combinada; Radiocirurgia estereotàcticaMetástasis cerebrales; Inmunoterapia combinada; Radiocirugía estereotáxicaBackground Ipilimumab plus nivolumab (COMBO) is the standard treatment in asymptomatic patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM). We report a retrospective study aiming to assess the outcome of patients with MBM treated with COMBO outside clinical trials. Methods Consecutive patients treated with COMBO have been included. Demographics, steroid treatment, Central Nervous System (CNS)-related symptoms, BRAF status, radiotherapy or surgery, response rate (RR), progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been analyzed. Results 376 patients were included: 262 received COMBO as first-line and 114 as a subsequent line of therapy, respectively. In multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (≥1 vs 0) [HR 1.97 (1.46–2.66)], extracerebral metastases [HR 1.92 (1.09–3.40)], steroid use at the start of COMBO [HR 1.59 (1.08–2.38)], CNS-related symptoms [HR 1.59 (1.08–2.34)], SRS (Stereotactic radiosurgery) [HR 0.63 (0.45–0.88)] and surgery [HR 0.63 (0.43–0.91)] were associated with OS. At a median follow-up of 30 months, the median OS (mOS) in the overall population was 21.3 months (18.1–24.5), whilst OS was not yet reached in treatment-naive patients, steroid-free at baseline. In patients receiving COMBO after BRAF/MEK inhibitors(i) PFS at 1-year was 15.7%. The dose of steroids (dexamethasone < vs ≥ 4 mg/day) was not prognostic. SRS alongside COMBO vs COMBO alone in asymptomatic patients prolonged survival. (p = 0.013). Toxicities were consistent with previous studies. An independent validation cohort (n = 51) confirmed the findings. Conclusions Our results demonstrate remarkable long-term survival in treatment-naïve, asymptomatic, steroid-free patients, as well as in those receiving SRS plus COMBO. PFS and OS were poor in patients receiving COMBO after progressing to BRAF/MEKi

A humanistic style for dehumanized industry

[SPA] El sector agroalimentario ha generado un enorme desarrollo industrial en el área levantina, desde el motor de agua para regar los campos hasta el transporte del producto a través del ferrocarril en vía terrestre, o los mercados para la distribución de los mismos. La burguesía floreciente de entre siglos XIX-XX encaja en el entorno fabril de su propiedad, donde las condiciones de trabajo son duras, el estilo orgánico y natural imperante, el Modernismo. Es así como la arquitectura industrial de edificios públicos y otras edificaciones de menor envergadura como mataderos, almacenes, fábricas, etc. se llenan de motivos florales, frutales, alegorías, en materiales cerámicos de brillantes y vivos colores, en metales e incluso en piedra. El nuevo estilo del siglo XX no se aprecia solo en fachada sino también en interiores de edificaciones donde trabajadores, comerciantes y/o clientes pueden disfrutar del mismo ofreciendo un ambiente más humanizado. Nos sumamos a una corriente que apuesta por el incipiente turismo industrial y un estilo que no deja indiferente al público por su lado más natural, todo ello en una provincia, Valencia, que ofrece paisajes agrícolas tan distintos como la huerta o las llanuras vitivinícolas. [ENG] The food industry has generated a huge industrial development in the Levantine area through the engine water to irrigate the fields and the transport of the products by train or markets for the distribution of them. The burgeoning bourgeoisie between XIX-XX centuries fits into the manufacturing environment of their property, where working conditions are harsh, prevailing organic and natural style, Modernism. That is how the industrial architecture of public buildings and other smaller buildings such as slaughterhouses, warehouses, factories, etc. are filled with floral motifs, fruit, allegories, ceramic materials in bright, vivid colors, metal and even stone. The new style of the twentieth century can be seen not only in the front façades but also in interiors of buildings where workers, traders and / or customers can enjoy it offering a more humanized environment. We join a current commitment to the emerging industrial tourism and a style that is not indifferent to the public for its natural side, all in a province, Valencia, offering agricultural landscapes as diverse as orchards or wine plains

CEBOS PARA Anastrepha fraterculus CON PROTEÍNA HIDROLIZADA DE SUBPRODUCTOS AGROINDUSTRIALES PRETRATADOS CON RADIACIÓN GAMMA

La mosca de la fruta (Anastrepha fraterculus) afecta a varios cultivos ecuatorianos con potencial de exportación. En la actualidad, para el monitoreo de esta plaga, se emplea un cebo importado que tiene un alto costo. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo formular cebos atrayentes de mosca de la fruta que puedan reemplazar al cebo comercial. Como materia prima se empleó torta de soya, torta de palmiste, sangre bovina y suero; cada material fue irradiado con una dosis de 20 kGy, en una fuente de cobalto-60 como pretratamiento. Luego, la proteína se extrajo y se hidrolizó con una solución de bromelina de 0,025 UA mL1, a pH 7;0 y 50 C durante 30 min. Los cebos fueron formulados con proteína hidrolizada, melaza, agua y bórax y se colocaron en trampas McPhail. La evaluación en campo se llevó a cabo en cultivos de chirimoya (Annona cherimola) y guayaba (Psidium guajava). En el proceso enzimático se alcanzaron grados de hidrólisis entre 19,16 y 26,64%. Por electroforesis SDS-PAGE se determinó que los hidrolizados proteicos contenían péptidos con pesos moleculares entre 5 y 20 kDa. Se encontró que el cebo de proteína hidrolizada de palmiste y el cebo comercial fueron estadísticamente iguales en la cantidad de moscas atrapadas, mientras que el de suero presentó un mayor índice MTD (moscas capturadas por trampa, por día). Los cebos formulados podrían ser una alternativa más económica que el cebo importado para el monitoreo de la mosca de la fruta en el Ecuador.//The fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus) affects several Ecuadorian crops with export potential. Currently, a costly imported bait is used to monitor and control this pest. The aim of this research is to formulate baits for the fruit fly that could replace the commercial bait. Soy cake, palm kernel cake, bovine blood and whey were used as raw material. Each material was irradiated with a dose of 20 kGy with a Cobalt-60 source as a pretreatment. Then, the protein was extracted and hydrolyzed with a 0.025 AU mL1 bromelain solution at pH 7;0 and 50 C, for 30 min. The baits were formulated with hydrolyzed protein, molasses, water, and borax, and they were placed in McPhail traps. The field evaluation was carried out in cherimoya (Annona cherimola) and guava (Psidium guajava) orchards. The hydrolysis degrees that were reached in the enzymatic process had values between 19.16 and 26.64%. According to an SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the hydrolysates had peptides with molecular weights between 5 and 20 kDa. The bait made with palm kernel cake hydrolyzed protein and the commercial bait were statistically equal in the number of captured flies, whereas the bait made with whey protein had a higher FTD index (flies caught per trap, per day). The formulated baits could be an inexpensive alternative to the commercial bait for monitoring fruit flies in Ecuador

El malestar en la infancia y adolescencia : descripción y análisis de fichas clínicas

El presente artículo expone los resultados del análisis de las fichas clínicas de un consultorio infanto juvenil de la región de Valparaíso, Chile. para indagar y conocer de qué sufren los niños, niñas y adolescentes en el contexto local. Este es un estudio enmarcado en una investigación de carácter cuantitativo descriptivo, por frecuencias de presentación de las temáticas. En los resultados existe una mayor proporción de niños respecto de las niñas. Así como también, que la mayor frecuencia de demanda aparece en la educación inicial, decreciendo de manera constante hacia el final de la escolaridad obligatoria. Las problemáticas asociadas a la escuela que aparecen en las demandas clínicas, como lo son la "agresividad", "problemas conductuales" y de "rendimiento" predominan dentro de las problemáticas encontradas. Se concluye la relevancia de pensar la infancia como una construcción cambiante a cada época. Junto a ello, la necesidad de un diálogo comprensivo entre clínica y escuela.This article presents the results of analysis of the clinical records of a child and adolescent clinic in the region of Valparaíso, Chile to investigate and find out what children and adolescents suffer in. the local context. This is a study framed in a descriptive quantitative research, by frequency of presentation of the themes In the results exists a greater proportion of men with respect to the women. As well as, that the greater frequency of demands appears in the initial education, decreasing in a constant way towards the end of schooling. The problems associated with the school that appear in clinical demands, such as "aggressiveness", "behavioral problems" and "performance" predominate within the problems encountered. The relevance of thinking about childhood as a changing construction to each age is concluded. Along with this, the need for a comprehensive dialogue between clinic and school

A city of cities: Measuring how 15-minutes urban accessibility shapes human mobility in Barcelona

As cities expand, human mobility has become a central focus of urban planning and policy making to make cities more inclusive and sustainable. Initiatives such as the "15-minutes city" have been put in place to shift the attention from monocentric city configurations to polycentric structures, increasing the availability and diversity of local urban amenities. Ultimately they expect to increase local walkability and increase mobility within residential areas. While we know how urban amenities influence human mobility at the city level, little is known about spatial variations in this relationship. Here, we use mobile phone, census, and volunteered geographical data to measure geographic variations in the relationship between origin-destination flows and local urban accessibility in Barcelona. Using a Negative Binomial Geographically Weighted Regression model, we show that, globally, people tend to visit neighborhoods with better access to education and retail. Locally, these and other features change in sign and magnitude through the different neighborhoods of the city in ways that are not explained by administrative boundaries, and that provide deeper insights regarding urban characteristics such as rental prices. In conclusion, our work suggests that the qualities of a 15-minutes city can be measured at scale, delivering actionable insights on the polycentric structure of cities, and how people use and access this structure.Comment: 32 pages, 7 figure

Impact of tuberculosis treatment length and adherence under different transmission intensities

Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia-FAPESB (PNX 0006/2009); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (410498/2006-8); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPES and Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia-FCT (AUX-PE-FCT 1171/2009); European Commission (EC-ICT-231807); INCT-Citecs (57386/2008-9); National Institutes of Science and Technology Programme (MCT-CNPq, Brazil); Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (PEst-OE/MAT/UIO297/2014; EXPL/MAT-CAL/0794/2013); FAPESB (B0L0143/2008)Tuberculosis(TB) is a leading cause of human mortality due to infectious disease.Treatmentdefault is a relevant factor which reduces therapeutic success and increases the risk of resistant TB. In this work we analyze the relation betweentreatmentdefault andtreatmentlengthalong with its consequence on the disease spreading. We use a stylized model structure to explore, systematically, the effects of varyingtreatmentduration and compliance. We find that shorteningtreatmentalone may not reduce TB prevalence, especially in regions wheretransmissionintensity is high, indicating the necessity of complementing this action with increased compliance. A family of default functions relating the proportion of defaulters to thetreatmentlengthis considered and adjusted to a particular dataset. We find that the epidemiological benefits of shortertreatmentregimens are tightly associated with increases intreatmentcompliance and depend on the epidemiological background.authorsversionpublishe

A constellation of horrors: analysis and visualization of the #Cuéntalo movement

In this work, we analyze content and structure of the Twitter trending topic #cuentalo with the purpose of providing a visualization of the movement. A supervised learning methodology is used to train the classifying algorithms with hand-labeled observations. The methodology allows us to classify each tweet according to its role in the movement.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version