Linee guida per la programmazione remota e lo scarico dati di ricevitori GPS (Standard Trimble Navigation Limited - Serie 5000).

Nella fase di implementazione dell'hardware e del software per la materializzazione di stazioni GPS permanenti il problema della programmazione e scarico dati a distanza mediante modem da telefonia fissa, PSTN e ISDN o mediante modem da telefonia mobile, essenzialmente GSM /GPRS costituisce un problema di non facile soluzione. Anche laddove esista da parte delle aziende coinvolte nelle forniture un assistenza software che consenta di sviluppare dei prodotti personalizzati, alcune operazioni richieste vengono spesso eseguite dall'utenza con mezzi propri. Infatti, gli standard commerciali che vanno per la maggiore operano prevalentemente in ambiente Microsoft Windows e sono spesso privi della modularità e della flessibilità necessarie sia per adattarsi a problemi scientifici sia per la loro esecuzione in background in ambienti Unix (Linux, Solaris o HP-UX). In questo lavoro vengono analizzate le problematiche legate alla programmazione di ricevitori Trimble Navigation Limited modello 5700 CORS (Continuous Operating Reference Stations), in dotazione al Laboratorio di Geodesia e Telerilevamento dell'INGV-CNT, per un loro utilizzo nell’ambito di stazioni GPS permanenti. In particolare, è stato sviluppato un sistema automatico per il controllo a distanza, la programmazione e lo scarico dati di uno standard dei predetti ricevitori. Tutta la logistica della cascata hardware e dello strato software è stata sviluppata mediante strumenti da noi implementati; il risultato è sufficientemente stabile e può essere fattivamente utilizzato per il supporto alla realizzazione di stazioni permanenti GPS anche in siti dalla logistica scarsa come quelli situati in zone remote prive di linee telefoniche fisse e di alimentazione. Per il suddetto tipo di strumentazione infatti, non esiste in Italia una vera e propria assistenza Hardware e Software in grado di risolvere determinati problemi e, pertanto, in alcuni casi è stato necessario ricorrere sia al supporto tecnico dell'UNAVCO, il consorzio universitario Americano per il NAVSTAR GPS (http://www.unavco.org), sia alla nostra consolidata esperienza nel campo della strumentazione GPS. Il presente documento è rivolto ad un pubblico limitato costituito da quegli esperti del settore che siano interessati alla soluzione delle problematiche analizzate in questa sede

Data analysis of Permanent GPS networks in Italy and surrounding region: application of a distributed processing approach

We describe the procedures used to combine into a uniform velocity solution the observations of more than 80 continuous GPS stations operating in the central Mediterranean in the 1998-2004 time interval. We used a distributed processing approach, which makes efficient use of computer resources, while producing velocity estimates for all stations in one common reference frame, allowing for an effective merging of all the observations into a self-consistent network solution. We describe the CGPS data archiving and processing procedures, and provide main results in terms of position time-series and velocities for all stations that observed more than three years. We computed horizontal and vertical velocities accounting for the seasonal (annual and semi-annual) signals, and considering the off-sets in the coordinate time-series caused by station equipment changes. Weighted post-fit RMS of the north, east and vertical velocity components are in the range of 1.57-2.08 mm, 1.31-3.28 mm, and 3.60-7.24 mm, respectively, which are reduced by solving for seasonal signals in the velocity estimates. The annual and semi-annual signals in the height components, with amplitudes up to 4.8 mm, are much stronger than those in the horizontal components. The mean amplitudes of annual and semi-annual signals are within 0.18-0.47 mm, 0.23-0.52 mm and 0.55-1.92 mm in the north, east and vertical components, respectively

Screen-Printed Biosensors for the Early Detection of Biomarkers Related to Alzheimer Disease: Preliminary Results

Abstract Alzheimer disease (AD), despite representing the most common type of dementia in elderly, is still lacking reliable methodologies for early diagnosis. A potential biomarker associated to AD development has been recently identified in the open isoform of p53, redox sensitive protein, currently quantified using a specific blood-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to overcome ELISA limitations (level of detection, standardization and reliability), this study aimed to realize a low cost highly sensitive portable point-of-care (PoC) testing system based on screen printed electrochemical sensors (SPES). The study specifically reported the design of the platform, including the sensing probe and the electronic circuit devoted to the conditioning of the electric signal. Preliminary results were obtained from circuit testing by using controlled concentrations of electrolytic solutions and from an initial calibration stage by using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) measurements. Future works will address the quantification of unknown concentration of unfolded p53 in peripheral blood samples, thus to validate the here-presented low cost, easy to use and highly precise platform

Seismic potential in the Italian Peninsula from integration and comparison of seismic and geodetic strain rates.

Seismological and geodetic data provide key information about the kinematics and active tectonics of plate margins. Focal solutions enable determining the directions in which the current tectonic stress acts when fault rupturing occurs; GPS measurements provide information on the crustal velocity field and on current interseismic strain rates. The comparison of the strain rates resulting from the two datasets provides further insight into how large an area is affected by aseismic deformation, which is a valuable indicator for seismic hazard mitigation and estimating the seismic potential. In this work, we investigate both seismic and geodetic strain rates and the combined field resulting from the joint inversion of the geodetic and seismic datasets, providing a picture of the overall deformation field and its variation during the last decades. In this way, we seek to give an overview of the seismic potential distribution across the Apennines and southern Italy, as a qualitative analysis of space-time variations in the released seismic strain rate, compared to the space-time distribution of the cumulated geodetic strain rate. The results show a variable distribution of the seismic efficiency over the peninsula. The Southern Apennines shows the greatest seismic potential, highlighting a significantly lower seismicity in the last two decades over an area affected by the highest total strain rates. The Messina Straits and eastern Sicily have a significant seismic potential, together with the Calabrian arc (from the Tindari-Letojanni and central Aeolian islands to the Mt. Pollino area), as a result of seismic gaps with respect to the combined strain rates in the investigated period. This long gap highlights the longer recurrence periods for the strongest earthquakes on this area. The central-northern Apennines and off-shore northern Sicily, show a lower seismic potential than central-southern Apennines, probably due to the more recent seismicity affecting these areas

Present-Day Surface Deformation in North-East Italy Using InSAR and GNSS Data

Geodetic data can detect and estimate deformation signals and rates due to natural and anthropogenic phenomena. In the present study, we focus on northeastern Italy, an area characterized by similar to 1.5-3 mm/yr of convergence rates due to the collision of Adria-Eurasia plates and active subsidence along the coasts. To define the rates and trends of tectonic and subsidence signals, we use a Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) approach called the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS), which is based on the detection of coherent and temporally stable pixels in a stack of single-master differential interferograms. We use Sentinel-1 SAR images along ascending and descending orbits spanning the 2015-2019 temporal interval as inputs for Persistent Scatterers InSAR (PSI) processing. We apply spatial-temporal filters and post-processing steps to reduce unrealistic results. Finally, we calibrate InSAR measurements using GNSS velocities derived from permanent stations available in the study area. Our results consist of mean ground velocity maps showing the displacement rates along the radar Line-Of-Sight for each satellite track, from which we estimate the east-west and vertical velocity components. Our results provide a detailed and original view of active vertical and horizontal displacement rates over the whole region, allowing the detection of spatial velocity gradients, which are particularly relevant to a better understanding of the seismogenic potential of the area. As regards the subsidence along the coasts, our measurements confirm the correlation between subsidence and the geological setting of the study area, with rates of similar to 2-4 mm/yr between the Venezia and Marano lagoons, and lower than 1 mm/yr near Grado

Magnetic localization system for short-range positioning: a ready-to-use design tool

Magnetic localization is used in many indoor positioning applications, such as industrial, medical, and IoT, for its benefits related to the absence of line of sight needs, multipath and fading, the low cost of transmitters and receivers, and the simple development of setups made of coils and magnetic sensors. In short-range applications, this technology could bring some advantages with respect to ultrasound, laser, or RF ones. Nevertheless, fixed both the desired accuracy and the energy constraints, the optimal design of a localization system based on magnetic measurement depends on several factors: the dimension, the number and the optimal positions of the anchors, the uncertainties due to the sensing elements, and the data acquisition systems (DAQs). To preliminary fix all these parameters, suitable simulation environments allow developers to save time and money in developing localization applications. Many magnetic field simulators are available, but it is rare to find those that, considering the uncertainty due to the receiver and DAQs, are able to provide optimal anchors scenario given a target accuracy. To address this problem, this article presents a simulation tool providing the user with design requirements for given target accuracy. The aim of this article is to perform the first steps in providing a ready-to-use specification framework that given the localization domain, the mobile sensors, the DAQ characteristics, and the target accuracy and helps the developer of indoor magnetic positioning systems. The actual validity of the simulation model has been tested on a real setup.Postprint (published version

Kinematics of the Central Mediterranean Plate Boundary, Internal Deformation of Sicily and Interseismic Strain Accumulation Across the Messina Straits

In this work we present a new velocity field, obtained by analyzing continuous GPS (CGPS) stations operating in the Mediterranean area (updated to September 2007)and epoch GPS (EGPS) stations in the 1991-2006 time span, particularly denser in the Iblean plateau and across the Messina Straits

Cross-validated multi-technique geodetic dataset of the Upper Adriatic Sea coastal area of Italy

The geodetic dataset used in the research article entitled “Multi-technique geodetic detection of onshore and offshore subsidence along the Upper Adriatic Sea coasts” [1] is presented here. It consists of the outcomes of three different techniques, i.e. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and topographic Levelling surveys. This dataset has been used for the estimation of onshore and offshore deformation in a mineral concession area located along the Upper Adriatic Sea coastal area (Italy), South-East of Ravenna city. InSAR data covers the period from 2002 to 2018, GNSS data from 1998 to 2018 and levelling data from 2002 to 2017.The different measurements have been cross-validated and referred to a common local reference system fixed in the urban area of Ravenna. This data collection will be very useful for deepening the analysis of any type of deformation in the Ravenna coastal area

Application and analysis of geodetic protocols for monitoring subsidence phenomena along on-shore hydrocarbon reservoirs

In this study, we tested the "land-subsidence monitoring guidelines" proposed by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (MISE), to study ground deformations along on-shore hydrocarbon reservoirs. We propose protocols that include the joint use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and multi-temporal Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques, for a twofold purpose: a) monitoring land subsidence phenomena along selected areas after defining the background of ground deformations; b) analyzing possible relationships between hydrocarbon exploitation and anomalous deformation patterns. Experimental results, gathered along the Ravenna coastline (northern Italy) and in the southeastern Sicily (southern Italy), show wide areas of subsidence mainly related to natural and anthropogenic processes. Moreover, ground deformations retrieved through multi-temporal DInSAR time series exhibit low sensitivity as well as poor spatial and temporal correlation with hydrocarbon exploitation activities. Results allow evaluating the advantages and limitations of proposed protocols, to improve the techniques and security standards established by MISE guidelines for monitoring on-shore hydrocarbon reservoirs

A conceptual review of research on the pathological use of computers, video games, and the internet

Author name used in this manuscript: Timothy Sim2012-2013 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe