El Col·legi de Procuradors Causídics de Figueres

El 1758 s’aprovaren les ordenances reguladores del nou Col·legi de Procuradors Causídics de Figueres, on es recull la normativa d’accés al cos i a l’exercici de la procuradoria a la capital altempordanesa, la pràctica eficaç de l’ofici dins del marc jurídic legal per tal d’evitar l’intrusisme i la competència deslleial, la resolució de conflictes entre els organismes oficials o amb particulars, l’organització de serveis comuns d’assistència i de previsió i, en general, la regulació de l’ofici que perduraria fins entrat el segle XX.In 1758, the official statutes of the new Barristers’ Association of Figueres were passed with the following regulations and norms: rules for membership and for practising in the jurisdiction of the capital of the Alt Empordà, efficient practice of the profession within the legal frame in order to avoid unlicensed or disloyal competition, conflict solving between institutions or individuals, organisation of communal services of assistance and prevention and the general regulations of the profession which would last until the beginning of the twentieth century

La segregació de Pont de Molins del municipi de Llers (1822)

Exposició de la segregació de Pont de Molins del municipi de Llers (1822) a partir de l’anàlisi d’escriptures notarials de la notaria de Figueres. En aquestes escriptures s’inclou un plànol molt detallat del nou municipi de Pont de Molins, obra dels agrimensors i geòmetres empordanesos Rafel Canta i Narcís Papell. L’origen de la rivalitat entre Llers i Molins es troba en l’aprofitament dels béns comunals. Rafel Jordà, de Molins, lidera la separació des de final de segle XVIII. Un primer pas va ser el reconeixement de la parròquia, més endavant del municipi.Presentation of the segregation of Pont de Molins from the municipality of Llers (1822) based on the analysis of two notarial scriptures from the notary of Figueres which include two maps. Especially interesting is the map of the municipality of Pont de Molins, drawn by the surveyors and geometricians Rafel Canta and Narcís Papell. The rivalry between Llers and Molins originated in the exploitation of the communal lands. Rafel Jordà, from Molins, headed the separation campaign since the end of the eighteenth century. A first step was the recognition as a parish and later on as municipality

Designing oxynitride nanostructured thin films to enhance europium white light emission for efficient solid state emitters

CLEO®/Europe-EQEC 2015, Munich (ICM), Germany, June 21st, - 25th, 2015; http://2015.cleoeurope.org/In the present work we study the visible light emission of europium (Eu) ions embedded in two different matrices (amorphous aluminum oxide (a-Al2O3) and ceramic SiAlON) as a function of the Eu distribution and concentration. Eu-doped thin films were produced using the pulsed laser deposition technique by the alternating ablation of the matrix target and the Eu target; as a result nanostructured Eu-doped multilayers were formed. The Eu in-depth distribution was modified by varying the host inter-layer thickness, which ranged from 1 to 15 nm, and the Eu content per layer was modified by varying the number of pulses on the Eu target. Under UV excitation (355 nm), the as-deposited films of both matrices showed a broadband emission (FWHM ¿200 nm), that has been related to the superposition of the 5d levels to the 4f levels of the Eu2+, which is rarely found in pure oxides. This broad emission was further enhanced keeping the same spectral distribution upon annealing treatments up to 500 oC for the a-Al2O3 (Fig. 1a) and 700 oC for the SiAlON (Fig. 1c). However for samples with higher Eu content and at the higher annealing temperatures the spectral shape emission changed and the emission spectra showed narrow and well-defined emission peaks. These have been identified as resulting from the 4f ¿ 4f transitions of Eu3+ (Fig. 1b). Therefore, it has been found that two distinct and efficient Eu-related emissions can be obtained by a suitable design of the Eu distribution and concentration. This is due to a change of oxidation state of Eu in the films, which will be discussed. These Eu-doped films have a high potential for the development of either solid state lighting LEDs with broadband emission, or integrated lasers with narrow emission lines. Acknowledgements. This work has been financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project TEC2012_38901-C02-01. I.C. acknowledges the financial support through JAE-Pre-2011_00578. A.M. acknowledges the financial support through BES-2013-062593.This work has been financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project TEC2012_38901-C02-01. I.C. acknowledges the financial support through JAE-Pre-2011_00578. A.M. acknowledges the financial support through BES-2013-062593.Peer Reviewe