Dealloyed Ruthenium Film Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation from Chemical Hydrides

Thin-film ruthenium (Ru) and copper (Cu) binary alloys have been prepared on a Teflon™ backing layer by cosputtering of the precious and nonprecious metals, respectively. Alloys were then selectively dealloyed by sulfuric acid as an etchant, and their hydrogen generation catalysts performances were evaluated. Sputtering time and power of Cu atoms have been varied in order to tailor the hydrogen generation performances. Similarly, dealloying time and the sulfuric acid concentration have also been altered to tune the morphologies of the resulted films. A maximum hydrogen generation rate of 35 mL min-1 was achieved when Cu sputtering power and time were 200 W and 60 min and while acid concentration and dealloying time were 18 M and 90 min, respectively. It has also been demonstrated that the Ru content in the alloy after dealloying gradually increased with the increasing the sputtering power of Cu. After 90 min dealloying, the Ru to Cu ratio increased to about 190 times that of bare alloy. This is the key issue for observing higher catalytic activity. Interestingly, we have also presented template-free nanoforest-like structure formation within the context of one-step alloying and dealloying used in this study. Last but not least, the long-time hydrogen generation performances of the catalysts system have also been evaluated along 3600 min. During the first 600 min, the catalytic activity was quite stable, while about 24% of the catalytic activity decayed after 3000 min, which still makes these systems available for the development of robust catalyst systems in the area of hydrogen generation. © 2017 by the authors

A Study of Students’ Loneliness Levels and Their Attachment Styles

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between loneliness levels and attachment styles of university students. In this research, it was investigated whether the attachment styles differed in terms of variables such as gender, class, place of stay, socio-economic level of their family, parental education levels, counterpart friendship relations, number of siblings, whether to receive psychological help or not. This research was conducted as a relational search. A total of 247 university students selected randomly formed the sample of the research. The results of the research can be summarized as follows; Loneliness levels of those who perceive the socioeconomic status as low and those who didn't get psychological help are found to be higher. Male students and students who get psychological help have higher scores on secure attachment. According to the results of the research there’s a low negative correlation between the loneliness levels of students and dismissing attachment style, a low positive correlation between the loneliness level and preoccupied attachment style, and a low negative correlation between the loneliness level and secure attachment style

Effect of Isatis spp. Extraction on the Growth of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans

In this study, The crude extraction of Isatis spp. (I.tinctoria, I.busichaina and I. lusitanica) were investigated for their antifungal activity. Each of methanol, ethanol, and H2O was used as a solvent. Due to find the most effective part of each species, the plant parts were used separately. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the natural product on two common pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger & Candida albicans. The results show that most of the used plants have a significant effect on both used fungal species. Extracted each of flower, I. tinctoria was shown the best results comparing to the other used species. Extracted leaf and flower of I. tinctoria by methanol was show the best result on Aspergillus niger & Candida albicans. The growth zone was around 90mm for control and  61mm at 75% concentration of methanolic and ethanolic extraction. The flower was for followed by the stem. Depend on the results, the methanol was shown the highest number, then ethanol and the lowest inhibition zone area was for H2O extraction.  &nbsp

Experimental application of sum rules for electron energy loss magnetic chiral dichroism

We present a derivation of the orbital and spin sum rules for magnetic circular dichroic spectra measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. These sum rules are obtained from the differential cross section calculated for symmetric positions in the diffraction pattern. Orbital and spin magnetic moments are expressed explicitly in terms of experimental spectra and dynamical diffraction coefficients. We estimate the ratio of spin to orbital magnetic moments and discuss first experimental results for the Fe L_{2,3} edge.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

Autekologi dan Fisiologi Percambahan Centaurea kilaea Boiss. dari Turki

In this study germination requirements, plant-soil interactions and population biology of Centaurea kilaea was studied. The plant and soil samples were collected from Sofular Village (Sile District) and shore of Çatalca District (Istanbul) in Turkey by using standard methods. Methods like Scheibler, Wetdigestion, Kjeldahl and Olsen were employed for measurement of soil texture, structure and other physical and chemical characteristics (pH, total protein and electrical conductivity) using spectrophotometer, flame photometer, calcimeter and ICP. The results showed that ranges of different elements in the soil were 0.007-0.2% for N, 0.0007-0.001% for P, 0.001-0.01% for K, 0.0001-0.0002 % for Na. N, P, K and Na values in the plants were 2.17, 0.005, 0.1 and 0.006%, respectively. The data revealed that germination success of the seeds was influenced by the environmental factors such as pH, germination season and temperature.Dalam kajian ini keperluan percambahan, saling tindakan tumbuhan-tanih dan biologi populasi Centaurea kilaea telah dilakukan. Sampel tumbuhan dan tanih telah dikumpul dari Kampung Sofular (Daerah Şile) dan pantai Daerah Çatalca (Istanbul) di Turki dengan menggunakan kaedah piawai. Kaedah seperti Scheibler, Wetdigestion, Kjeldahl dan Olsen telah digunakan bagi pengukuran tekstur tanih, struktur dan sifat fizikal dan kimia lain (pH, jumlah protein dan kekonduksian elektrik) menggunakan spektrofotometer, fotometer api, kalsimeter dan ICP. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa julat unsur berbeza dalam tanih ialah 0.007-0.2% bagi N, 0.0007-0.001% bagi P, 0.001-0.01% bagi K, 0.0001-0.0002% bagi Na. N, P, K dan nilai Na dalam tumbuhan ialah masing-masing 2.17, 0.005, 0.1 dan 0.006%. Data menunjukkan kejayaan percambahan bagi biji benih telah dipengaruhi faktor persekitaran seperti pH, musim percambahan dan suhu

Energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD): Magnetic chiral dichroism in the electron microscope

A new technique called energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) has recently been developed [P. Schattschneider, et al. Nature 441, 486 (2006)] to measure magnetic circular dichroism in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a spatial resolution of 10 nm. This novel technique is the TEM counterpart of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, which is widely used for the characterization of magnetic materials with synchrotron radiation. In this paper we describe several experimental methods that can be used to measure the EMCD signal [P. Schattschneider, et al. Nature 441, 486 (2006); C. Hébert, et al. Ultramicroscopy 108(3), 277 (2008); B. Warot-Fonrose, et al. Ultramicroscopy 108(5), 393 (2008); L. Calmels, et al. Phys. Rev. B 76, 060409 (2007); P. van Aken, et al. Microsc. Microanal. 13(3), 426 (2007)] and give a review of the recent improvements of this new investigation tool. The dependence of the EMCD on several experimental conditions (such as thickness, relative orientation of beam and sample, collection and convergence angle) is investigated in the transition metals iron, cobalt, and nickel. Different scattering geometries are illustrated; their advantages and disadvantages are detailed, together with current limitations. The next realistic perspectives of this technique consist of measuring atomic specific magnetic moments, using suitable spin and orbital sum rules, [L. Calmels, et al. Phys. Rev. B 76, 060409 (2007); J. Rusz, et al. Phys. Rev. B 76, 060408 (2007)] with a resolution down to 2 to 3 n

Determination of the branching ratios Γ(KL→3π0)/Γ(KL→π+π−π0)\Gamma (K_L \to 3 \pi^0) / \Gamma (K_L \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0) and Γ(KL→3π0)/Γ(KL→πeν)\Gamma (K_L \to 3 \pi^0) / \Gamma (K_L \to \pi e \nu )

Improved branching ratios were measured for the $K_L \to 3 \pi^0$ decay in a neutral beam at the CERN SPS with the NA31 detector: $\Gamma (K_L \to 3 \pi^0) / \Gamma (K_L \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0) = 1.611 \pm 0.037$ and $\Gamma (K_L \to 3 \pi^0) / \Gamma (K_L \to \pi e \nu ) = 0.545 \pm 0.010$. From the first number an upper limit for $\Delta I =5/2$ and $\Delta I = 7/2$ transitions in neutral kaon decay is derived. Using older results for the Ke3/K$\mu$3 fraction, the 3$\pi^0$ branching ratio is found to be $\Gamma (K_L \to 3 \pi^0 )/ \Gamma_{tot} = (0.211 \pm 0.003)$, about a factor three more precise than from previous experiments

The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model: Group Summary Report

CONTENTS: 1. Synopsis, 2. The MSSM Spectrum, 3. The Physical Parameters, 4. Higgs Boson Production and Decays, 5. SUSY Particle Production and Decays, 6. Experimental Bounds on SUSY Particle Masses, 7. References.Comment: 121 pages, latex + epsfig, graphicx, axodraw, Report of the MSSM working group for the Workshop "GDR-Supersym\'etrie",France. Rep. PM/98-4

Measurement of Neutrino-Electron Scattering Cross-Section with a CsI(Tl) Scintillating Crystal Array at the Kuo-Sheng Nuclear Power Reactor

The $\bar{\nu}_{e}-e^{-}$ elastic scattering cross-section was measured with a CsI(Tl) scintillating crystal array having a total mass of 187kg. The detector was exposed to an average reactor $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ flux of $\rm{6.4\times 10^{12} ~ cm^{-2}s^{-1}}$ at the Kuo-Sheng Nuclear Power Station. The experimental design, conceptual merits, detector hardware, data analysis and background understanding of the experiment are presented. Using 29882/7369 kg-days of Reactor ON/OFF data, the Standard Model(SM) electroweak interaction was probed at the squared 4-momentum transfer range of $\rm{Q^2 \sim 3 \times 10^{-6} ~ GeV^2}$. The ratio of experimental to SM cross-sections of $\xi =[ 1.08 \pm 0.21(stat)\pm 0.16(sys)]$ was measured. Constraints on the electroweak parameters $(g_V , g_A)$ were placed, corresponding to a weak mixing angle measurement of \s2tw = 0.251 \pm 0.031({\it stat}) \pm 0.024({\it sys}) . Destructive interference in the SM \nuebar -e process was verified. Bounds on anomalous neutrino electromagnetic properties were placed: neutrino magnetic moment at \mu_{\nuebar}< 2.2 \times 10^{-10} \mu_{\rm B} and the neutrino charge radius at -2.1 \times 10^{-32} ~{\rm cm^{2}} < \nuchrad < 3.3 \times 10^{-32} ~{\rm cm^{2}}, both at 90% confidence level.Comment: 18 Figures, 7 Tables; published version as V2 with minor revision from V

Offender rehabilitation : a normative framework for forensic psychologists

Community protection from offenders is addressed through punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, and/or rehabilitation. The current public policy debate about community protection refers to community rights as opposed to offender rights as if the two are mutually exclusive. However, in this article it will be argued that offender rehabilitation can enhance community protection if it addresses community rights and offender rights. The author proposes a normative framework to guide forensic psychologists in offender rehabilitation. The normative framework considers psychological theory&mdash;the risk-need model to address community rights and the good lives model to address offender rights. However, forensic psychologists operate within the context of the criminal justice system and so legal theory will also be considered. Therapeutic jurisprudence can balance community rights and offender rights within a human rights perspective. The proposed normative framework guides forensic psychologists in the assessment of risk, the treatment of need, and the management of readiness in balancing community rights and offender rights. Within a human rights perspective, forensic psychologists have a duty to provide offenders with the opportunity to make autonomous decisions about whether to accept or reject rehabilitation. <br /