Review of Particle Physics

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE–AC02–05CH11231; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).The authors are grateful to Vincent Vennin for his careful reading of this manuscript and preparing Fig. 23.3 for this review. The work of J.E. was supported in part by the London Centre for Terauniverse Studies (LCTS), using funding from the European Research Council via the Advanced Investigator Grant 267352 and from the UK STFC via the research grant ST/L000326/1. The work of D.W. was supported in part by the UK STFC research grant ST/K00090X/1

Common sense project: a step forward to implement MSFD

Peer Reviewe

Caracterización del paisaje sonoro del espacio natural de las Lagunas de Villafáfila

El objetivo de este proyecto es caracterizar el paisaje sonoro de la Reserva Natural de Las Lagunas de Villafáfila para determinar el grado de salud ambiental de este espacio natural. Para ello se realizarán una serie de mediciones del ruido en varios puntos de los alrededores de las lagunas y se determinará si el ambiente es natural o si, por el contrario, está afectado por sonidos de origen antrópico, es decir, originados por los humanos. En este último caso habría que averiguar cómo proteger de dicho impacto al paisaje sonoro natural. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un nivel sonoro bajo, característico de áreas naturales como la que es objeto de estudio.Departamento de Física AplicadaGrado en Ingeniería en Electrónica Industrial y Automátic

Medida muscular como factor pronóstico de evolución postoperatoria en cirugía abdominal y colorrectal. Revisión bibliográfica y análisis de la literatura.

Introducción: la cirugía abdominal y colorrectal se dedica al diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades que afectan al colon, recto y órganos abdominales. Los avances tecnológicos han mejorado los resultados quirúrgicos, especialmente con la cirugía laparoscópica. La medida muscular ha surgido como un factor pronóstico relevante, especialmente en relación con la sarcopenia. Objetivos: evaluar diferentes medidas musculares para pronosticar la evolución postoperatoria e investigar la sarcopenia en pacientes mayores con cáncer, su relación con resultados postoperatorios, y el impacto de la sarcopenia en mortalidad, complicaciones y calidad de vida. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas publicadas a partir del 2013 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y Scopus, con el fin de establecer el rango adecuado de medida muscular para pronosticar la evolución postoperatoria. Resultados: se seleccionaron 6 estudios de alta calidad metodológica que examinaron los efectos de la sarcopenia en la evolución postoperatoria. Se utilizaron diversas medidas musculares, principalmente el Índice de Masa Muscular Esquelética (IMME) mediante tomografía computarizada en la tercera vértebra lumbar (L3). La sarcopenia se asoció con una disminución de la calidad de vida, un aumento de las complicaciones postoperatorias y una mayor morbimortalidad. Conclusiones: existe amplia evidencia de que la sarcopenia es un factor pronóstico significativo y negativo en la evolución postoperatoria. En cambio, la diversidad en las técnicas y puntos de corte utilizados para evaluar medidas musculares resalta la necesidad de estandarizar la medición de la sarcopenia a fin de establecer el rango adecuado para pronosticar la evolución postoperatoria.Introduction: Abdominal and colorectal surgery is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the colon, rectum, and abdominal organs. Technological advances have improved surgical outcomes, particularly with laparoscopic surgery. Muscle measurement has emerged as a relevant prognostic factor, especially in relation to sarcopenia. Objectives: To evaluate different muscle measurements for predicting postoperative outcomes and investigate sarcopenia in older cancer patients, its relationship with postoperative results, and the impact of sarcopenia on mortality, complications, and quality of life. Material and methods: A search of systematic reviews published from 2013 onwards was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to establish the appropriate range of muscle measurement for predicting postoperative outcomes. Results: Six studies with high methodological quality that examined the effects of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes were selected. Various muscle measurements were used, primarily the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) using computed tomography at the third lumbar vertebra (L3). Sarcopenia was associated with a decrease in quality of life, an increase in postoperative complications, and higher morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: There is ample evidence that sarcopenia is a significant and negative prognostic factor in postoperative outcomes. However, the diversity in techniques and cutoff points used to evaluate muscle measurements highlights the need to standardize the measurement of sarcopenia in order to establish the appropriate range for predicting postoperative outcomes

Estudio descriptivo del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca de la Clínica Las Américas

Estudio descriptivo de antes y después que demuestra la eficacia y seguridad del Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca de la Clínica Las Américas, con base en un seguimiento a 77 pacientes, en el que se evidenció mejoría de la capacidad funcional así como disminución del perímetro abdominal y de las cifras basales de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica sin complicaciones severas, en todos los tipos de paciente, independientemente de la fracción de eyección o las variables demográficas. De igual forma, se describen las características epidemiológicas de la población y de los factores de riesgo cardio-cerebro-vascular.A before and after descriptive study that shows the efficacy and safety of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Clínica Las Americas, based on the follow-up of 77 patients in which we evidenced improvement in functional capacity as well as a decrease of abdominal girth and baseline values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure without severe complications in all type of patients, regardless of ejection fraction or demographic variables. Likewise, we describe the epidemiological characteristics of the population and the cardio-cerebro-vascular risk factors

Review of Particle Physics

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05CH11231government of Japan (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Physical Society of Japan (JPS)European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN)United States Department of Energy (DOE

Single mechanosensitive and ca(2+)-sensitive channel currents recorded from mouse and human embryonic stem cells

Cell-attached and inside-out patch clamp recording was used to compare the functional expression of membrane ion channels in mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Both ESCs express mechanosensitive Ca(2+) permeant cation channels (MscCa) and large conductance (200 pS) Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) (BK(Ca2+)) channels but with markedly different patch densities. MscCa is expressed at higher density in mESCs compared with hESCs (70 % vs. 3 % of patches), whereas the BK(Ca2+) channel is more highly expressed in hESCs compared with mESCs (~50 % vs. 1 % of patches). ESCs of both species express a smaller conductance (25 pS) nonselective cation channel that is activated upon inside-out patch formation but is neither mechanosensitive nor strictly Ca(2+)-dependent. The finding that mouse and human ESCs express different channels that sense membrane tension and intracellular [Ca(2+)] may contribute to their different patterns of growth and differentiation in response to mechanical and chemical cues.OH was supported by a travel/stay Grant from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (SAB2006-0211) and in the United States by grants from the National Cancer Institute and the Department of Defense. BS and AH are supported by the Fundación Progreso y Salud, Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PI-0022/ 2008); Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (CTS-6505; INP-2011-1615-900000); FEDER cofunded grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red TerCel-RD06/0010/0025; PI10/00964), and the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs (Advanced Therapies Program TRA-120). CIBERDEM is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer Reviewe

Science with Neutrino Telescopes in Spain

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the following Spanish programs: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER); Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2020/049, /2021/023); Junta de Andalucia (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18).The primary scientific goal of neutrino telescopes is the detection and study of cosmic neutrino signals. However, the range of physics topics that these instruments can tackle is exceedingly wide and diverse. Neutrinos coming from outside the Earth, in association with othermessengers, can contribute to clarify the question of the mechanisms that power the astrophysical accelerators which are known to exist from the observation of high-energy cosmic and gamma rays. Cosmic neutrinos can also be used to bring relevant information about the nature of dark matter, to study the intrinsic properties of neutrinos and to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. Likewise, atmospheric neutrinos can be used to study an ample variety of particle physics issues, such as neutrino oscillation phenomena, the determination of the neutrino mass ordering, non-standard neutrino interactions, neutrino decays and a diversity of other physics topics. In this article, we review a selected number of these topics, chosen on the basis of their scientific relevance and the involvement in their study of the Spanish physics community working in the KM3NeT and ANTARES neutrino telescopes.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU) PGC2018-096663-B-C41 A-C42 B-C43 B-C44MCIU/FEDERGeneralitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/019GenT CIDEGENT/2018/034 2020/049 2021/023Junta de Andalucia A-FQM-053-UGR1

Review of the online analyses of multi-messenger alerts and electromagnetic transient events with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

https://inspirehep.net/literature/2182044The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Région Alsace (contrat CPER), Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Département du Var and Ville de La Seynesur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Programa Estatal para Impulsar la Investigación Científico-Técnica y su Transferencia (refs. PID2021-124591NB-C41, -C42, -C43) (MCIU/FEDER), Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I (refs. ASFAE/2022/023, ASFAE/2022/014) and Programa María Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities, funded by the European Union, NextGenerationEU), Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2019/043, /2020/049. /2021/23) programs, Junta de Andalucía (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-5057), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, Morocco, and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Kuwait. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilities.By constantly monitoring at least one complete hemisphere of the sky, neutrino telescopes are well designed to detect neutrinos emitted by transient astrophysical events. Real-time searches with the ANTARES telescope have been performed to look for neutrino candidates coincident with gamma-ray bursts detected by the Swift and Fermi satellites, high- energy neutrino events registered by IceCube, transient events from blazars monitored by HAWC, photon-neutrino coincidences by AMON notices and gravitational wave candidates observed by LIGO/Virgo. By requiring temporal coincidence, this approach increases the sensitivity and the significance of a potential discovery. Thanks to the good angular accuracy of neutrino candidates reconstructed with the ANTARES telescope, a coincident detection can also improve the positioning area of non-well localised triggers such as those detected by gravitational wave interferometers. This paper summarises the results of the follow-up performed by the ANTARES telescope between 01/2014 and 02/2022, which corresponds to the end of the data taking period.Commission Européenne FEDER fundMarie Curie ProgramMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación: PID2021-124591NB-C41, -C42, -C43Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I (refs. ASFAE/2022/023, ASFAE/2022/014)European Union, NextGenerationEUPrograma María ZambranoGeneralitat Valenciana: PROMETEO/2020/019; GenT CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2019/043, /2020/049, /2021/23Junta de Andalucía (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-5057)EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spai

Hint for aTeV neutrino emission from the Galactic Ridge with ANTARES

Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a γ-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the γ-ray emission is dominated by proton and nuclei interactions, a neutrino flux comparable to the γ-ray flux is expected from the same sky region. Data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope are used to constrain the neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge in the 1-100 TeV energy range. Neutrino events reconstructed both as tracks and showers are considered in the analysis and the selection is optimized for the search of an excess in the region |l| <30◦, |b| <2◦. The expected background in the search region is estimated using an off-zone region with similar sky coverage. Neutrino signal originating from a power-law spectrum with spectral index ranging from ν=1to 4is simulated in both channels. The observed energy distributions are fitted to constrain the neutrino emission from the Ridge. The energy distributions in the signal region are inconsistent with the background expectation at ∼96%confidence level. The mild excess over the background is consistent with a neutrino flux with a power law with a spectral index 2.45+0.22−0.34and a flux normalization dNνdEν=4.0+2.7−2.0×10−16GeV−1cm−2s−1sr−1at 40 TeV reference energy. Such flux is consistent with the expected neutrino signal if the bulk of the observed γ-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge originates from interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei with a power-law spectrum extending well into the PeV energy rangeCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)French Atomic Energy CommissionMarie Curie Actions European Union (EU)Labex UnivEarthSRegion Grand-EstRegion Provence-Alpes-Cpte d'AzurRegion Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)European Union (EU)Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands GovernmentConsiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS) Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001MCIN/AEIERDF A way of making Europe"European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR", Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+IPrograma PrometeoPrograma PrometeoGenT of the Generalitat ValencianaJunta de Andalucia 754496EU: MSC programPrograma Maria Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities by the European Union, NextGenerationEU), SpainMinistry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Training, Morocco PID2021-124591NB-C41 PID2021-124591NB-C42 PID2021-124591NB-C43Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development ASFAE/2022/023 ASFAE/2022/014 PROMETEO/2020/019 GENT/2018/034 GENT/2019/043 GENT/2020/049 GENT/2021/23 P18-FR-5057 10102508