Leptospirosis Prevalence in Patients with Initial Diagnosis of Dengue

Objective. To determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in patients from Veracruz with initial diagnosis of dengue and its association with risk factors. Materials and Methods. Transversal study in patients who sought medical attention under the suspicion of dengue. Backgrounds were researched and blood samples were drawn to determine dengue (NS1, RT-PCR) and leptospirosis (IFI). Simple frequencies, central tendency and dispersion measures, and prevalence and trust intervals at 95% (IC95%) were obtained. Prevalence reasons (RP) and IC95% were obtained and a multivariate logistic model was applied, using SPSS V15. Results. 171 patients were included, 56% women (32 ± 14 years) and 44% men (32 ± 17 years). 48% of the cases (IC95% 40.5–55.4) was positive to dengue, with a cut point of 1 : 80, seroprevalence for leptospirosis was of 6% (IC95% 2.7–10); 12% (IC95% 7–16.5) was positive to both pathologies and 34% was negative to both tests. Although the largest number of isolations corresponded to serotype 2, the four dengue virus serotypes were identified. In the bivariate analysis, overcrowding RP = 1.33, (IC = 0.46–3.5), bathing in rivers (RP = 1.31, IC = 0.13–7.4), and walking barefoot (RP = 1.39, IC = 0.58–3.3) were the variables associated with leptospirosis, although the relation was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Leptospirosis prevalence in subjects under suspicion of dengue fever is high, as well as the coincidence of both infections. The results show the coexistence of overlapped outbreaks of several diseases sharing the side of transmission. It is necessary the intentional search of other pathologies, such as influenza, rickettsiosis, and brucella, among others

Ciclo gonádico de Tegula aureotincta (Mollusca: Gastropoda) en Bahía Asunción, Baja California Sur, México

The histological gonadal cycle of Tegula aureotincta was determined at Bahia Asuncion Baja California Sur. Monthly samples of 25 to 30 organisms were collected from January to December 2006. They were processed by histological technique, embedded in paraffin, sections 7- ?m thick were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The sex ratio was 1:1. Both sexes presented gametogenesis and maturity stages the year through. Two major spawning events were identified in autumn-winter and spring. The maturity and spawning times have close relations with the seasonal change of sea water temperature.Se describe el ciclo gonádico de Tegula aureotincta en Bahía Asunción Baja California Sur. Se recolectaron mensualmente de 25 a 30 organismos de enero a diciembre de 2006. Estos fueron procesados con la técnica histológica de inclusión en parafina, el tejido de la gónada se cortó a 7 ?m de grosor, los cortes fueron teñidos mediante la técnica de Hematoxilina-Eosina. La proporción de sexos fue 1:1, tanto hembras como machos presentaron todo el año gametogénesis y madurez, con dos eventos principales de expulsión de gametos: uno en otoño-invierno y otro en primavera. La madurez y los momentos de expulsión de gametos guardan aparentemente estrecha relación con los cambios estacionales de la temperatura

Effect of a long-term exposure to concentrated sucrose and maltodextrin solutions on the preference, appetence, feed intake and growth performance of post-weaned piglets

Commercial pigs display an innate attraction for sweet taste compounds. However, the impact of long-term availability to supplementary carbohydrate solutions on their general feeding behavior has not been examined. In this work we assess the effect of 12-days exposure to 16% sucrose and 16% maltodextrin solutions on the feed intake and growth performance of piglets, and on their preference and appetence for sweet or protein solutions. The innate preference of piglets was assessed by an initial choice test between 2% sucrose and 2% animal plasma solutions for a period of three minutes. Piglets showed higher intake and preference for 2% sucrose than for 2% animal plasma. In Experiment 1, piglets were then free-offered a 16% sucrose solution as a supplement to the diet, showing a higher intake of it than water and a reduction in feed intake and weight gain. A similar situation occurred during the last days of free-exposure to a 16% maltodextrin solution in Experiment 2. The choice test between 2% sucrose and 2% animal plasma solution was repeated after the exposure to the concentrated solutions. In both experiments, a reduction in the initial preference for 2% sucrose was observed. Similarly, piglets that had previous access to the 16% sucrose and 16% maltodextrin solutions showed a decrease in the appetence for 2% sucrose in comparison with that for 2% animal plasma, as measured by a one-pan test at the end of the experiments. It is concluded that long-term exposure to concentrated sucrose and maltodextrin solutions reduces feed intake and growth in weanling piglets, and also reverses their innate preference and appetence for dilute sweet over protein solutions

Modelo de negocio Ashae, conoce tu cabello

En este trabajo se presenta el modelo de negocios para la creación de una línea de productos de cuidado del cabello. Se presenta la metodología utilizada para la creación del modelo, un análisis de la industria de la belleza, la definición del público meta y un plan de acción estratégico

Magnetic Fields in Massive Star-forming Regions (MagMaR). II. Tomography through Dust and Molecular Line Polarization in NGC 6334I(N)

Here, we report ALMA detections of polarized emission from dust, CS(J = 5 → 4), and C33S(J = 5 → 4) toward the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I(N). A clear “hourglass” magnetic field morphology was inferred from the polarized dust emission, which is also directly seen from the polarized CS emission across velocity, where the polarization appears to be parallel to the field. By considering previous findings, the field retains a pinched shape that can be traced to clump length scales from the envelope scales traced by ALMA, suggesting that the field is dynamically important across multiple length scales in this region. The CS total intensity emission is found to be optically thick (τ CS = 32 ± 12) while the C33S emission appears to be optically thin (). This suggests that sources of anisotropy other than large velocity gradients, i.e., anisotropies in the radiation field, are required to explain the polarized emission from CS seen by ALMA. By using four variants of the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi technique and the angle dispersion function methods (ADF), we obtain an average of the estimates for the magnetic field strength on the plane of the sky of mG from the dust and mG from the CS emission, where each emission traces different molecular hydrogen number densities. This effectively enables a tomographic view of the magnetic field within a single ALMA observation.Fil: Cortés, Paulo C.. National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Estados UnidosFil: Sanhueza, Patricio. No especifíca;Fil: Houde, Martin. Western University; CanadáFil: Martín, Sergio. No especifíca;Fil: Hull, Charles L. H.. No especifíca;Fil: Girart, Josep M.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Zhang, Qizhou. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Luis A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Stephens, Ian W.. No especifíca;Fil: Li, Hua Bai. No especifíca;Fil: Wu, Benjamin. No especifíca;Fil: Olguin, Fernando. No especifíca;Fil: Lu, Xing. No especifíca;Fil: Guzmán, Andres E.. No especifíca;Fil: Nakamura, Fumitaka. No especifíca

EFFECT OF THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS ON PRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN BROILERS

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación de una mezcla de ácidos orgánicos y sus sales sobre los parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde. Se utilizaron 333 pollos machos de un día de edad de la línea Cobb-Vantress 500, divididos en tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones por tratamiento: T1, dieta con antibiótico Zinc Bacitracina; T2, dieta con ácidos orgánicos, y T3, tratamiento control, dieta sin promotor de crecimiento. A los 42 días de edad, la conversión alimenticia de T2 fue 5.2% menor que T3 (p<0.05); sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos por efecto del peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, porcentaje de mortalidad e índice de eficiencia productiva. Los resultados permiten concluir que los ácidos orgánicos pueden remplazar eficientemente a los promotores de crecimiento tipo antibióticos en la alimentación de las aves.The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a mixture of organic acids and their salts on the productive parameters in broilers. A total of 133 1-day-old male chicks of the Cobb Vantress 500 Line were distributed in three treatments with three repetitions per treatment: T1, diet with Zinc-Bacitracin; T2, diet containing organic acids; and T3, control treatment, diet without growth promoter. At 42 days of age, feed conversion in T2 was 5.2% less than in T3 (p<0.05); however, no statistical differences were observed between treatments regarding body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, mortality rate and productive efficiency index. The results showed that organic acids can efficiently replace the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the diets of broiler

Nitrogen and Phosphorous Retention in Tropical Eutrophic Reservoirs with Water Level Fluctuations: A Case Study Using Mass Balances on a Long-Term Series

Nitrogen and phosphorous loading drives eutrophication of aquatic systems. Lakes and reservoirs are often effective N and P sinks, but the variability of their biogeochemical dynamics is still poorly documented, particularly in tropical systems. To contribute to the extending of information on tropical reservoirs and to increase the insight on the factors affecting N and P cycling in aquatic ecosystems, we here report on a long-term N and P mass balance (2003–2018) in Valle de Bravo, Mexico, which showed that this tropical eutrophic reservoir lake acts as a net sink of N (−41.7 g N m y) and P (−2.7 g P m y), mainly occurring through net sedimentation, equivalent to 181% and 68% of their respective loading (23.0 g N m y and 4.2 g P m y). The N mass balance also showed that the Valle de Bravo reservoir has a high net N atmospheric influx (31.6 g N m y), which was 1.3 times the external load and likely dominated by N fixation. P flux was driven mainly by external load, while in the case of N, net fixation also contributed. During a period of high water level fluctuations, the net N atmospheric flux decreased by 50% compared to high level years. Our results outlining water regulation can be used as a useful management tool of water bodies, by decreasing anoxic conditions and net atmospheric fluxes, either through decreasing nitrogen fixation and/or promoting denitrification and other microbial processes that alleviate the N load. These findings also sustain the usefulness of long-term mass balances to assess biogeochemical dynamics and its variability.This research was funded by UNAM, PAPIIT-IN207702 and CONACYT-SEMARNAT, C01-1125 projects to M.M-

Causes of Morbidity in Wild Raptor Populations Admitted at a Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in Spain from 1995-2007: A Long Term Retrospective Study

Background: Morbidity studies complement the understanding of hazards to raptors by identifying natural or anthropogenic factors. Descriptive epidemiological studies of wildlife have become an important source of information about hazards to wildlife populations. On the other hand, data referenced to the overall wild population could provide a more accurate assessment of the potential impact of the morbidity/mortality causes in populations of wild birds. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study described the morbidity causes of hospitalized wild raptors and their incidence in the wild populations, through a long term retrospective study conducted at a wildlife rehabilitation centre of Catalonia (1995-2007). Importantly, Seasonal Cumulative Incidences (SCI) were calculated considering estimations of the wild population in the region and trend analyses were applied among the different years. A total of 7021 birds were analysed: 7 species of Strigiformes (n = 3521) and 23 of Falconiformes (n = 3500). The main causes of morbidity were trauma (49.5%), mostly in the Falconiformes, and orphaned/young birds (32.2%) mainly in the Strigiformes. During wintering periods, the largest morbidity incidence was observed in Accipiter gentillis due to gunshot wounds and in Tyto alba due to vehicle trauma. Within the breeding season, Falco tinnunculus (orphaned/young category) and Bubo bubo (electrocution and metabolic disorders) represented the most affected species. Cases due to orphaned/young, infectious/parasitic diseases, electrocution and unknown trauma tended to increase among years. By contrast, cases by undetermined cause, vehicle trauma and captivity decreased throughout the study period. Interestingly, gunshot injuries remained constant during the study period. Conclusions/Significance: Frequencies of morbidity causes calculated as the proportion of each cause referred to the total number of admitted cases, allowed a qualitative assessment of hazards for the studied populations. However, cumulative incidences based on estimated wild raptor population provided a more accurate approach to the potential ecological impact of the morbidity causes in the wild populations

Minimising Mortality in Endangered Raptors Due to Power Lines: The Importance of Spatial Aggregation to Optimize the Application of Mitigation Measures

Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators