The Business Case for Preconception Care: Methods and Issues

Only a limited number of economic evaluations have addressed the costs and benefits of preconception care. In order to persuade health care providers, payers, or purchasers to become actively involved in promoting preconception care, it is important to demonstrate the value of doing so through development of a “business case”. Perceived benefits in terms of organizational reputation and market share can be influential in forming a business case. In addition, it is standard to include an economic analysis of financial costs and benefits from the perspective of the provider practice, payer, or purchaser in a business case. The methods, data needs, and other issues involved with preparing an economic analysis of the likely financial return on investment in preconception care are presented here. This is accompanied by a review or case study of economic evaluations of preconception care for women with recognized diabetes. Although the data are not sufficient to draw firm conclusions, there are indications that such care may yield positive financial benefits to health care organizations through reduction in maternal and infant hospitalizations. More work is needed to establish how costs and economic benefits are distributed among different types of organizations. Also, the optimum methods of delivering preconception care for women with diabetes need to be evaluated. Similar assessments should also be conducted for other forms of preconception care, including comprehensive care

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Epigenetic regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1: implication for anxiety-related disorders

Recent literature corroborates that both, genes and environment, are crucial determinants contributing to psychiatric disorders. The selectively bred mouse models of enhanced fear and anxiety-related behavior provide a unique opportunity to study the interaction of a rigid genetic predisposition with environmental factors and are used to identify targets contributing to pathological anxiety. Here, we studied gene × environment (G×E) interactions using a mouse model of high (HAB) vs. low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior. By applying enriched environment (EE) and chronic mild stress (CMS), we succeeded in shifting the phenotypes of HAB and LAB mice towards “normal” anxiety. In this bidirectional shift, Crhr1 was identified to be a key player. Increased methylation of CpG1 within the Crhr1 promoter region was shown to be critically involved in regulating the binding affinity of the transcription factor Ying-Yang 1 (YY1). The interplay between YY1 expression and DNA methylation might be the mechanism underlying the differences in Crhr1 expression after EE and CMS. Other epigenetic mechanisms contributing to Crhr1 expression are discussed here

Missionary Activity of the Orthodox Monasteries of Transbaikal Within the Framework of the Existence of the Second Transbaikal Ecclesiastical Mission

The Second Transbaikal Ecclesiastical Mission significantly changed the situation with the spread of Orthodoxy among the indigenous population of the region – the Buryats, who, for the most part, were adherents of the northern branch of Buddhism – Lamaism. Its activities also had a significant impact on the Old Believer population of the region. The paper analyses the features of the activities of the Orthodox monasteries of Transbaikal, carried out by them within the framework of the missionary work of the second Transbaikal Ecclesiastical Mission, which in many ways changed the situation with Orthodoxy in the region. The mission began its work in 1861 (according to other sources, in 1862) and focused its activities on spreading Orthodoxy among the local Buryat population, predominantly Lamaists, and Old Believers. The author notes that this subject matter is understudied. At the same time, references are made to some archival documents. The result of the study was the conclusion that the Orthodox monasteries of the region quite actively took part in missionary activities

Analisis del proceso de transferencia de tecnologia en tres fincas de ganado de doble proposito en Moroceli, Honduras

87 p.Es una investigación social que analiza el cambio de comportamiento de tres estudios de caso en el proceso de transferencia de tecnología para ganado de doble propósito con la meta mantener la producción de estos hatos en verano en Moroceli, Honduras. La metodología usada se rigió por los pasos de la transferencia: diagnóstico, realizado en un estudio anterior, la determinación de las opciones técnicas y difusión. Para lograr esta se realizó una encuesta semi estructurada, un taller, capacitaciones y visitas de campo. E n el taller se trabajó con el problema de la deficiente alimentación por ser el más sentido por e l productor, se analizaron las causas y efectos de este problema y las posibles soluciones. Se presentaron algunas prácticas de alimentación más adecuadas, teniendo en cuenta los recursos y analizando cada alternativa desde el punto de vista económico y operacional