Nuclear Effects on the Extraction of sin⁡2θW\sin^2\theta_W

We study the impact of nuclear effects on the extraction of the weak-mixing angle $\sin^2\theta_W$ from deep inelastic (anti-)neutrino-nucleus scattering, with special emphasis on the recently announced NuTeV Collaboration 3$\sigma$ deviation of $\sin^2\theta_W$ from its standard model value. We have found that nuclear effects, which are very important in electromagnetic deep inelastic scattering (DIS), are quite small in weak charged current DIS. In neutral current DIS processes, which contain the weak mixing angle, we predict that these effects play also an important role and may dramatically affect the value of $\sin^2\theta_W$ extracted from the experimental data.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures; one figure added, conclusions change

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell modulation upon resection and shear stress in vitro

BACKGROUND: Shear stress forces acting on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells following resection have been noted as a possible trigger in the early stages of hepatic regeneration. Thus, the morphology and gene expression of endothelial cells following partial hepatectomy or shear stress in vitro was studied. RESULTS: Following partial hepatectomy blood flow-to-liver mass ratio reached maximal values 24 hrs post resection. Concomitantly, large fenestrae (gaps) were noted. Exposure of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, in vitro, to physiological laminar shear stress forces was associated with translocation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 from perinuclear and faint cytoplasmic distribution to plasma membrane and cytoskeletal localization. Under these conditions, VEGFR-2 co-stains with VE-cadherin. Unlike VEGFR-2, the nuclear localization of VEGFR-1 was not affected by shear stress. Quantification of the above receptors showed a significant increase in VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1 mRNA following shear stress. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a possible relation between elevated blood flow associated with partial hepatectomy and the early events occurring thereby

Histological spectrum of pulmonary manifestations in kidney transplant recipients on sirolimus inclusive immunosuppressive regimens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>After the introduction of novel effective immunosuppressive therapies, kidney transplantation became the treatment of choice for end stage renal disease. While these new therapies lead to better graft survival, they can also cause a variety of complications. Only small series or case reports describe pulmonary pathology in renal allograft recipients on mTOR inhibitor inclusive therapies. The goal of this study was to provide a systematic review of thoracic biopsies in kidney transplant recipients for possible association between a type of immunosuppressive regimen and pulmonary complications.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A laboratory database search revealed 28 of 2140 renal allograft recipients (18 males and 10 females, 25 to 77 years old, mean age 53 years) who required a biopsy for respiratory symptoms. The histological features were correlated with clinical findings including immunosuppressive medications.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The incidence of neoplasia on lung biopsy was 0.4% (9 cases), which included 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas, 1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and 2 post transplant B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Diffuse parenchymal lung disease was identified in 0.4% (9 cases), and included 5 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage, 3 cases of organizing pneumonia and 1 case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Five (0.2%) cases showed histological features indicative of a localized infectious process. Patients on sirolimus had neoplasia less frequently than patients on other immunosuppressive combinations (12.5% vs. 58.3%, <it>p </it>= 0.03). Lung biopsies in 4 of 5 patients with clinically suspected sirolimus toxicity revealed pulmonary hemorrhage as the sole histological finding or in combination with other patterns.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study documents a spectrum of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in renal allograft recipients on current immunosuppressive therapies. Sirolimus inclusive regimens are associated with increased risk of pulmonary toxicity but may be beneficial in cases of posttransplant neoplasia.</p> <p>Virtual Slides</p> <p>The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: <url>http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3320012126569395</url>.</p

Warfarin-related nephropathy occurs in patients with and without chronic kidney disease and is associated with an increased mortality rate

An acute increase in the international normalized ratio (INR; a comparison of prothrombin time to monitor the effects of warfarin) over 3 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often associated with an unexplained acute increase in serum creatinine (SC) and an accelerated progression of CKD. Kidney biopsy in a subset of these patients showed obstruction of the renal tubule by red blood cell casts, and this appears to be the dominant mechanism of the acute kidney injury. We termed this warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN), and previously reported cases of WRN only in patients with CKD. We now assess whether this occurs in patients without CKD, its risk factors, and consequences. In 15,258 patients who initiated warfarin therapy during a 5-year period, 4006 had an INR over 3 and SC measured at the same time; however, the large data set precluded individual patient clinical assessment. A presumptive diagnosis of WRN was made if the SC increased by over 0.3mg/dl within 1 week after the INR exceeded 3 with no record of hemorrhage. WRN occurred in 20.5% of the entire cohort, 33.0% of the CKD cohort, and 16.5% of the no-CKD cohort. Other risk factors included age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The 1-year mortality was 31.1% with compared with 18.9% without WRN, an increased risk of 65%. Thus, WRN may be a common complication of warfarin therapy in high-risk patients and CKD doubles this risk. The mechanisms of these risks are unclear

High energy amplitude as an admixture of "soft" and "hard" Pomerons

In this paper an attempt is made to find an interface of the perturbative BFKL Pomeron with the non-perturbative Pomeron originating from non-perturbative QCD phenomena such as QCD instantons and/or scale anomaly. The main idea is that the non-perturbative Pomeron involves a large scale ($M_0 \approx 2 GeV$), which is larger than the scale from which perturbative QCD is applicable. One key result is that even for processes involving a large hard scale (such as DIS) the low $x$ behavior is determined by an effective Pomeron with an intercept having an essential non-perturbative QCD contribution.Comment: 29 pages, 13 fugures. Accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.

Dark sectors 2016 Workshop: community report

This report, based on the Dark Sectors workshop at SLAC in April 2016, summarizes the scientific importance of searches for dark sector dark matter and forces at masses beneath the weak-scale, the status of this broad international field, the important milestones motivating future exploration, and promising experimental opportunities to reach these milestones over the next 5-10 years

THE KEDNEY AND HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF THE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN OF THE NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE RATS

The object of investigation: she-rats with mass of 180 to 240 g of the same age group. For the first time, the kedney effects of the chorionic gonadotropin with the experimental hypertension have been revealed, the role of the endogenous vasopresine in realization of the chorionic gonadotropinon the kedney function has been determined. The shifts of the cardiovascular system effectors reactiveness to the vasoactive peptides have been revealed. The presence of the reactogenous influence of the hormones on the different organs and systems, changing the effectors sensitivity to other biologically active substances, has been confirmed. The gomeostatic direction of the choreonic gonadotropin effects in the organism has been shownAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Anticoagulants and acute kidney injury: clinical and pathology considerations

We have recently identified a new clinical syndrome in patients receiving warfarin for anticoagulation therapy. This syndrome has been named warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN), and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) appear to be particularly susceptible. WRN is defined as an acute increase in international normalized ratio (INR) to >3.0, followed by evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 1 week of the INR increase. AKI was defined as a sustained increase in serum creatinine of greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dL. The AKI cannot be explained by any other factors, and the kidney biopsy demonstrates extensive glomerular hemorrhage with tubular obstruction by red blood cells (RBCs). Beyond AKI, WRN is a significant risk factor for mortality within the first 2 months of diagnosis and it accelerates the progression of CKD. We demonstrated that 5/6 nephrectomy in rats is a suitable experimental model to study WRN. Animals treated with warfarin showed an increase in serum creatinine and morphologic findings in the kidney similar to those in humans with WRN. Our recent evidence suggests that novel oral anticoagulants may induce AKI. Diagnosis of WRN may be challenging for a renal pathologist. A few cases with suspected WRN and pathologic considerations are described