Prevencao de miiases umbilicais em bezerros criados extensivamente, no Pantanal, atraves da utilizacao de ivermectin.

A regiao pantaneira apresenta maior aptidao para exploracao de bovinos de corte na fase de cria, devido a solos geralmente fracos que, aliado a outros fatores socioeconomicos e ambientais como inundacoes limitam a implantacao de pastagens cultivadas. Nesse sistema extensivo em pastagens nativas com taxa de lotacao de 3 a 4 UA/ha e utilizacao de pouca mao-de-obra, a mortalidade neonatal de bezerros por miiases e alta, e contribui significativamente para a baixa taxa de desmama observada na regiao. A regiao e carente de assistencia tecnica veterinaria e os cuidados com o recem-nascido sao realizados, na sua grande maioria, por peoes nem sempre habilitados, gerenciados por capatazes pouco capacitados tecnicamente para a administracao de grandes propriedades. Um indicativo desta deficiente administracao e a nao adocao de uma estacao de monta definida e uma melhor subdivisao e distribuicao das invernadas em piquetes distintos para cada categoria animal. As estimativas da taxa de mortalidade de bezerros de zero a 12 meses de idade na regiao pantaneira, variam de 10 a 20%. Os provaveis causadores desta taxa alta de mortalidade sao as miiases umbilicais, picadas de cobra, ataques por onca e outras doencas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicacao de uma avermectina na prevencao de miiases umbilicais em bezerros recem-nascidos, criados em sistema extensivo, no Pantanal Mato-Grossense.bitstream/item/79385/1/COT16.pd

Estimativa da habilidade materna em éguas da raça pantaneira através do tempo de mamada.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a habilidade materna em éguas da raça Pantaneira através do tempo de mamada. Utilizaram-se 30 éguas com potro ao pé com idade média de 7 ,2::t 1,92 ano. Nove observadores foram distribuídos em turnos de 6h/dia, anotando-se o tempo da mamada, horário, clima, égua, sexo do potro, interrupção da mamada realizada pelo potro/égua. Não houve associação entre o tempo de mamada e o horário (manhã ou tarde), bem como horário e interrupção da mamada, independente do potro ou a égua interromper a mamada. Observou-se tempo médio de mamada (n=746) de 1,14 :t 0,59 minutos com coeficiente de variação de 42%. Houve associação (X2, P=O,OOl) entre ordem do parto e tempo da mamada, evidenciando que a habilidade materna das éguas primíparas é inferior as demais éguas com idade superior a 4,5 anos ou mais de duas crias, decrescendo após os sete anos ou mais de cinco partos

D-loop haplotype diversity in Brazilian horse breeds.

Abstract The first horses were brought to Brazil by the colonizers after 1534. Over the centuries, these animals evolved and adapted to local environmental conditions usually unsuitable for exotic breeds, thereby originating locally adapted Brazilian breeds. The present work represents the first description of maternal genetic diversity in these horse breeds based on D-loop sequences. A D-Loop HSV-I fragment of 252 bp, from 141 horses belonging to ten Brazilian breeds / genetic groups (locally adapted and specialized breeds) were analysed. Thirty-five different haplotypes belonging to 18 haplogroups were identified with 33 polymorphic sites. Haplotype diversity (varying from 0.20 to 0.96) and nucleotide diversity (varying from 0.0039 to 0.0239) was lower for locally adapted than for specialized breeds, with the same pattern observed for FST values. Haplogroups identified in Brazilian breeds are in agreement with previous findings in South American samples. The low variability observed mainly in locally adapted breeds, indicates that, to ensure conservation of these breeds, careful reproductive management is needed. Additional genetic characterization studies are required to support accurate decision-making

Distinguishing among Scalar Field Models of Dark Energy

We show that various scalar field models of dark energy predict degenerate luminosity distance history of the Universe and thus cannot be distinguished by supernovae measurements alone. In particular, models with a vanishing cosmological constant (the value of the potential at its minimum) are degenerate with models with a positive or negative cosmological constant whose magnitude can be as large as the critical density. Adding information from CMB anisotropy measurements does reduce the degeneracy somewhat but not significantly. Our results indicate that a theoretical prior on the preferred form of the potential and the field's initial conditions may allow to quantitatively estimate model parameters from data. Without such a theoretical prior only limited qualitative information on the form and parameters of the potential can be extracted even from very accurate data.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Modulation of LISA free-fall orbits due to the Earth-Moon system

We calculate the effect of the Earth-Moon (EM) system on the free-fall motion of LISA test masses. We show that the periodic gravitational pulling of the EM system induces a resonance with fundamental frequency 1 yr^-1 and a series of periodic perturbations with frequencies equal to integer harmonics of the synodic month (9.92 10^-7 Hz). We then evaluate the effects of these perturbations (up to the 6th harmonics) on the relative motions between each test masses couple, finding that they range between 3mm and 10pm for the 2nd and 6th harmonic, respectively. If we take the LISA sensitivity curve, as extrapolated down to 10^-6 Hz, we obtain that a few harmonics of the EM system can be detected in the Doppler data collected by the LISA space mission. This suggests that the EM system gravitational near field could provide an absolute calibration for the LISA sensitivity at very low frequencies.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Idade e peso a primeira monta de novilhas no Pantanal.

O Pantanal e considerado a maior regiao (140 mil km2) brasileira de cria de bovinos de corte, onde a atividade e desenvolvida extensivamente em pastos nativos com carga animal de 0,27 UA/ha. A exploracao pecuaria e de fundamental importancia para o desenvolvimento e conservacao do ecossistema pantaneiro, pois representa a principal fonte de renda dos produtores locais, que praticam na sua grande maioria uma pecuaria que pode ser considerada ecologica, pois aproveita de forma racional os recursos naturais da regiao produzindo carne oriunda de bovinos criados exclusivamente em pastagem nativa. A idade a primeira monta no Pantanal e considerada tardia quando comparada aos demais sistemas de producao de gado de corte brasileiro, estando situada em torno dos tres-quatro anos de idade. Como consequencxia a idade ao primeiro parto ocorre aos quatro-cinco anos. Esse retrocesso provoca maior intervalo entre partos e retardo nos avancos geneticos, dificultando sobremaneira a renovacao do plantel e encarecendo os custos de producao. O peso a primeira monta parece ser mais importante que a idade pois significa, em outras palavras, que este animal atingiu a maturidade sexual e mostra-se apto para reproducao. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a idade e peso a primeira monta de novilhas das racas Pantaneira (P), Nelore (N) e Mesticas Pantaneira x Nelore (PxN), uma vez que a regiao carece de informacoes desta natureza.bitstream/item/79401/1/COT26.pd

The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda:Diapsida)

Crown group Archosauria, which includes birds, dinosaurs, crocodylomorphs, and several extinct Mesozoic groups, is a primary division of the vertebrate tree of life. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Archosauria are poorly resolved and controversial, despite years of study. The phylogeny of crocodile-line archosaurs (Crurotarsi) is particularly contentious, and has been plagued by problematic taxon and character sampling. Recent discoveries and renewed focus on archosaur anatomy enable the compilation of a new dataset, which assimilates and standardizes character data pertinent to higher-level archosaur phylogeny, and is scored across the largest group of taxa yet analysed. This dataset includes 47 new characters (25% of total) and eight taxa that have yet to be included in an analysis, and total taxonomic sampling is more than twice that of any previous study. This analysis produces a well-resolved phylogeny, which recovers mostly traditional relationships within Avemetatarsalia, places Phytosauria as a basal crurotarsan clade, finds a close relationship between Aetosauria and Crocodylomorpha, and recovers a monophyletic Rauisuchia comprised of two major subclades. Support values are low, suggesting rampant homoplasy and missing data within Archosauria, but the phylogeny is highly congruent with stratigraphy. Comparison with alternative analyses identifies numerous scoring differences, but indicates that character sampling is the main source of incongruence. The phylogeny implies major missing lineages in the Early Triassic and may support a Carnian-Norian extinction event.Marshall Scholarship for study in the United KingdomJurassic FoundationUniversity of BristolPaleontological Societ

The XXL Survey: XLVIII; X-ray follow-up of distant XXL clusters: Masses, scaling relations and AGN contamination

We use deep follow-up XMM-Newton observations of 6 clusters discovered in the XXL Survey at $z>1$ to gain robust measurements of their X-ray properties and to investigate the extent to which scaling relations at low redshift are valid at $z>1$. This sample is unique as it has been investigated for AGN contamination, which ensures measurements are not undermined by systematic uncertainties, and pushes to lower mass at higher redshift than is usually possible, for example with Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) selected clusters. We determine the flux contribution of point sources to the XXL cluster flux in order to test for the presence of AGN in other high-redshift cluster candidates, and find 3XLSS J231626.8-533822 to be a point source misclassified as a cluster and 3XLSS J232737.3-541618 to be a genuine cluster. We present the first attempt to measure the hydrostatic masses in a bright subsample of $z>1$ X-ray selected galaxy clusters with a known selection function. Periods of high particle background significantly reduced the effective exposure times of observations (losing >50% in some cases) limiting the power of this study. When combined with complementary SZ selected cluster samples at higher masses, the data appear broadly consistent with the self-similar evolution of the low redshift scaling relations between ICM properties and cluster mass, suggesting that properties such as the X-ray temperature, gas mass and SZ signal remain reliable mass proxies even at high redshift.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, published in MNRA