Gli studenti di cittadinanza non italiana all'Universit\ue0 dell'Aquila in relazione al contesto nazionale

Il volume documenta un lavoro di ricerca pedagogica, con aperture anche alle scienze sociali e geografiche, svolto all'Universit\ue0 dell\u2019Aquila. Nello specifico il capitolo 7 contenuto nel libro analizza: 1. la presenza degli studenti di cittadinanza non italiana iscritti nelle universit\ue0 italiane negli ultimi dieci anni; 2. le prime dieci nazionalit\ue0 di studenti di cittadinanza non italiana iscritti nelle universit\ue0 italiane nell'ultimo decennio; 3. il numero di studenti di cittadinanza non italiana iscritti per ogni regione negli anni accademici 2004-2014; 4. le prime dieci universit\ue0 italiane con il maggior numero di studenti di cittadinanza non italiana iscritti; 5. la presenza degli studenti di cittadinanza non italiana verso l'Universit\ue0 dell'Aquila negli ultimi dieci anni; 6. le nazionalit\ue0 pi\uf9 rappresentate all'Universit\ue0 dell'Aquila negli anni 2004-2014; 7. e in ultimo, la percentuale degli studenti di cittadinanza non italiana iscritti nelle diverse facolt\ue0 dell'Universit\ue0 dell'Aquila negli anni 2004-2014

Disaster resilience e spazi pubblici. Strade, piazze e aree verdi nella storia dei terremoti aquilani (1315-2009)

This thesis intends to analyze the topic of post-disaster resilience and public spaces in an urban context following a catastrophe, to see if they have a strategic role and if they are somewhat resilient. Specifically, this study explores the public spaces (streets, squares and green areas) of the city of L’Aquila in the history of its most disastrous earthquakes in 1315, 1349, 1461, 1703, 1915 and 2009. At present, the geographic literature, which connect the subject of resilience with that of public spaces are rather small and, according to this approach, no other comparable studies are studied in the case of L’Aquila. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the ability of urban public spaces, in post-disaster contexts, to be resilient, studying their morphological and functional evolution, both on a practical and symbolic level, following the earthquakes that have affected the city from the 14th century to present. The aim is to trace the physical elements and / or social and economic uses on which the resilience of the public spaces of the city is structured, both as a result of seismic events as between earthquakes. The research criteria are as follows: In the process of erritorialisation, what happens when a territorial structure is affected by a disaster? Are public spaces able to return structural multistability to the affected community? How are public spaces, understood as sociotopic spaces, resilient in the aftermath of earthquakes that affect L’Aquila? Participation can be understood as a postdisaster resilience strategy, and therefore one of the possible forms and / or indicators of resilience? Does the cartographic representation contribute to provide new elements for the analysis of data and sources? The study course consisted in the search for direct and indirect historical sources at the archives of L’Aquila, in the cartographic, iconographic and photographic reconnaissance of the city and in the field survey carried out by the Move Your City group through a participatory approach that has allowed us to identify the uses of spaces by young people for leisure after the earthquake in 2009. Through this path it was possible to analyze the collected data by categorizing resilient public spaces by following two criteria: temporal (public spaces that after disasters have always been resilient and resilient, and those born after disasters that show resilience and functional forms) (resilient public spaces with respect to the type of use, so that functions can be political, economic, social or cultural). The research yields important results regarding the strategic role played by public spaces in the city of L’Aquila; following the categorization provided, it can be said, for example, that: Piazza del Mercato or Piazza Duomo, that is, the main square of the city, has always been resilient to the earthquakes, also changing its function (from housing area post-quake to religious, economic, political and social function). The urban walls prove to be resilient especially after the earthquakes of the medieval era by playing a political and defensive function, losing their role with the expansion of the city after the earthquake of 1915 but summarizing the value as a cultural asset following the quake of 2009 (it was one of the first assets to be restored). Such study, combining archive research with field inquiry through a participatory approach, would like demonstrates how a reflection on the resilience of urban sociotopic public spaces is crucial, as they represent the place where one moves away from individual experience and enters into the collective, and hence the place where the community confronts itself and enters into dialogue

TERRITORY, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND MAPPING: EXAMPLES FROM THE ATLAS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN GUINEA BISSAU AND BRAZIL

L’Atlante dello sviluppo locale in Guinea Bissau e Brasile si propone innanzitutto la diffusione e la divulgazione dei principali risultati scientifici di due importanti ricerche di terreno svolte in Guinea Bissau e Brasile. Nel contempo, esso si propone anche come luogo di riflessione sul tema dello sviluppo locale. Nel caso della Guinea Bissau l’accento è posto in particolare sullo sviluppo dell’ecoturismo nel Parco Nazionale di Cantanhez con l’obiettivo di porre le basi per un miglioramento delle condizioni di vita delle popolazioni locali attraverso la valorizzazione conservativa delle risorse naturali. Nel caso brasiliano, invece, attraverso l’analisi di due comunità discendenti di quilombos, l’attenzione si concentra sull’identificazione delle risorse, delle organizzazioni interne e delle attuali dinamiche conflittuali che minacciano la sopravvivenza delle comunità e che ne compromettono, quindi, lo sviluppo.The Atlas of Local Development in Guinea Bissau and Brazil is aimed to spread crucial scientific findings obtained from two major case studies that took place in Guinea Bissau and Brazil. At the same time, the Atlas represents a cue for reflecting on the topic of local development. In the case of Guinea Bissau the emphasis is focused on the development of ecotourism in the Cantanhez National Park. This research lays the foundations for an improvement of living conditions among local people enhancing the process of valorization in the conservation of natural resources. The Brazilian case regarding two communities descending from the quilombos people, is focused on the identification of resources, internal organizations and the present conflict dynamics that threaten survival of communities and that compromise their development

Six Years of Experience in Treating Facial Trauma in the Province of Brescia, Italy

Facial trauma is an enormous public health problem with overwhelmingly negative physical and psychological impacts. The authors retrospectively analyzed the incidence, etiology, clinical presentations, and characteristics of facial fractures along with sociodemographic, economic, and cultural factors. They analyzed facial fractures treated from June 2010 to December 2016 at the operative unit. Maxillofacial Adult Surgery Unit, Spedali Civili Brescia, Italy, with particular attention to the associations among age, etiology, fracture site, and clinical management

Bile Acid Recognition by NAPE-PLD

The membrane-associated enzyme NAPE-PLD (N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine specific-phospholipase D) generates the endogenous cannabinoid arachidonylethanolamide and other lipid signaling amides, including oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide. These bioactive molecules play important roles in several physiological pathways including stress and pain response, appetite and lifespan. Recently, we reported the crystal structure of human NAPE-PLD and discovered specific binding sites for the bile acid deoxycholic acid. In this study we demonstrate that in the presence of this secondary bile acid, the stiffness of the protein measured by elastic neutron scattering increases, and NAPE-PLD results ~7 times faster to catalyze the hydrolysis of the more unsaturated substrate N-arachidonyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, compared with N-palmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine. Chenodeoxycholic acid and glyco- or tauro-dihydroxy conjugates can also bind to NAPE-PLD and drive its activation. The only natural monohydroxy bile acid, lithocholic acid, shows an affinity of ~20 μM and acts instead as a reversible inhibitor (IC(50) ≈ 68 μM). Overall, these findings provide important insights into the allosteric regulation of the enzyme mediated by bile acid cofactors, and reveal that NAPE-PLD responds primarily to the number and position of their hydroxyl groups

Deregulated expression of the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 region in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells: tumor suppressor role of lncRNA MEG3

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the maintenance and aggressiveness of GBM, the most common primary brain tumor in adults. This study aims at elucidating the involvement of deregulations within the imprinted DLK-DIO3 region on chromosome 14q32 in GBM pathogenesis. Methods: RT-PCR analyses were performed on GSCs and GBM tissues. Methylation analyses, gene expression and Reverse-Phase protein Array profiles were used to investigate the tumor suppressor function of MEG3. Results: Loss of expression of genes and non-coding RNAs within the DLK1-DIO3 region was observed in GSCs and GBM tissues compared to normal brain. This down-regulation is mainly mediated by epigenetic silencing. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low expression of MEG3 and MEG8 lncRNAs significantly correlated with short survival in GBM patients. MEG3 restoration impairs tumorigenic abilities of GSCs in vitro by inhibiting cell growth, migration and colony formation and decreases in vivo tumor growth reducing infiltrative growth. These effects were associated with modulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Conclusions: In GBM, MEG3 acts as a tumor-suppressor mainly regulating cell adhesion, EMT and cell proliferation, thus providing a potential candidate for novel GBM therapies

Inflammatory Adipokines, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, and Insulin Resistance: A Population-Based Survey in Prepubertal Schoolchildren

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate sex differences and associations of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin and proinflammatory adipokines, individually or in combinations, with adiposity and insulin resistance (IR) measures in prepubertal childhood.MethodologyWe studied 305 prepubertal children (boys/girls: 144/161; Tanner stage 1; age: 5-13 yr), included in a cohort of 44,231 adolescents who participated in an extensive Italian school-based survey. According to Cole's criteria, 105 individuals were lean (L; boys/girls: 59/46), 60 overweight (OW; boys/girls: 32/28) and 140 obese (OB; boys/girls: 70/70). Measurements comprised total and HMW adiponectin, leptin, as well as a panel of proinflammatory adipokines/chemokines associated with diabetes risk.Principal findingsLeptin-, and the leptin-to-HMW adiponectin ratio (L/HMW)-, increased progressively (pConclusionsIn prepubertal children, leptin emerges as a sex-independent discrimination marker of adiposity degree and as a useful, sex-associated predictor of the systemic insulin resistance

TERRITORIO, SVILUPPO LOCALE E RAPPRESENTAZIONE CARTOGRAFICA: ESEMPI DALL\u2019ATLANTE DELLO SVILUPPO LOCALE IN GUINEA BISSAU E BRASILE

L\u2019Atlante dello sviluppo locale in Guinea Bissau e Brasile si propone innanzitutto la diffusione e la divulgazione dei principali risultati scientifici di due importanti ricerche di terreno svolte in Guinea Bissau e Brasile. Nel contempo, esso si propone anche come luogo di riflessione sul tema dello sviluppo locale. Nel caso della Guinea Bissau l\u2019accento \ue8 posto in particolare sullo sviluppo dell\u2019ecoturismo nel Parco Nazionale di Cantanhez con l\u2019obiettivo di porre le basi per un miglioramento delle condizioni di vita delle popolazioni locali attraverso la valorizzazione conservativa delle risorse naturali. Nel caso brasiliano, invece, attraverso l\u2019analisi di due comunit\ue0 discendenti di quilombos, l\u2019attenzione si concentra sull\u2019identificazione delle risorse, delle organizzazioni interne e delle attuali dinamiche conflittuali che minacciano la sopravvivenza delle comunit\ue0 e che ne compromettono, quindi, lo sviluppo

Disaster resilience e spazi pubblici. Strade, piazze e aree verdi nella storia dei terremoti aquilani (1315-2009)

This thesis intends to analyze the topic of post-disaster resilience and public spaces in an urban context following a catastrophe, to see if they have a strategic role and if they are somewhat resilient. Specifically, this study explores the public spaces (streets, squares and green areas) of the city of L’Aquila in the history of its most disastrous earthquakes in 1315, 1349, 1461, 1703, 1915 and 2009. At present, the geographic literature, which connect the subject of resilience with that of public spaces are rather small and, according to this approach, no other comparable studies are studied in the case of L’Aquila. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the ability of urban public spaces, in post-disaster contexts, to be resilient, studying their morphological and functional evolution, both on a practical and symbolic level, following the earthquakes that have affected the city from the 14th century to present. The aim is to trace the physical elements and / or social and economic uses on which the resilience of the public spaces of the city is structured, both as a result of seismic events as between earthquakes. The research criteria are as follows: In the process of erritorialisation, what happens when a territorial structure is affected by a disaster? Are public spaces able to return structural multistability to the affected community? How are public spaces, understood as sociotopic spaces, resilient in the aftermath of earthquakes that affect L’Aquila? Participation can be understood as a postdisaster resilience strategy, and therefore one of the possible forms and / or indicators of resilience? Does the cartographic representation contribute to provide new elements for the analysis of data and sources? The study course consisted in the search for direct and indirect historical sources at the archives of L’Aquila, in the cartographic, iconographic and photographic reconnaissance of the city and in the field survey carried out by the Move Your City group through a participatory approach that has allowed us to identify the uses of spaces by young people for leisure after the earthquake in 2009. Through this path it was possible to analyze the collected data by categorizing resilient public spaces by following two criteria: temporal (public spaces that after disasters have always been resilient and resilient, and those born after disasters that show resilience and functional forms) (resilient public spaces with respect to the type of use, so that functions can be political, economic, social or cultural). The research yields important results regarding the strategic role played by public spaces in the city of L’Aquila; following the categorization provided, it can be said, for example, that: Piazza del Mercato or Piazza Duomo, that is, the main square of the city, has always been resilient to the earthquakes, also changing its function (from housing area post-quake to religious, economic, political and social function). The urban walls prove to be resilient especially after the earthquakes of the medieval era by playing a political and defensive function, losing their role with the expansion of the city after the earthquake of 1915 but summarizing the value as a cultural asset following the quake of 2009 (it was one of the first assets to be restored). Such study, combining archive research with field inquiry through a participatory approach, would like demonstrates how a reflection on the resilience of urban sociotopic public spaces is crucial, as they represent the place where one moves away from individual experience and enters into the collective, and hence the place where the community confronts itself and enters into dialogue.La presente Tesi intende prendere in analisi la tematica della resilienza post-disastro e degli spazi pubblici in un contesto urbano, in seguito a una catastrofe, e verificare se questi ultimi hanno un ruolo strategico e se si dimostrano in qualche modo resilienti. Nello specifico, questo studio analizza gli spazi pubblici (strade, piazze e aree verdi) della città dell’Aquila nella storia dei suoi terremoti più disastrosi avvenuti nel 1315, 1349, 1461, 1703, 1915 e 2009. Al momento nella letteratura geografica gli studi che connettono il tema della resilienza con quello degli spazi pubblici sono piuttosto esigui e, secondo questa impostazione, non si evidenziano altri studi equiparabili al caso di studio della città dell’Aquila. L’obiettivo della ricerca è di mostrare la capacità degli spazi pubblici urbani, in contesti post-disastro, di essere resilienti, studiandone la loro evoluzione morfologica e funzionale, sia a livello pratico che simbolico, in seguito ai terremoti che hanno interessato la città dell’Aquila dal XIV secolo a oggi. Lo scopo è di rintracciare gli elementi fisici e/o le utilizzazioni sociali ed economiche sulle quali si articola o meno la resilienza degli spazi pubblici della città in seguito agli eventi sismici, ma anche tra un terremoto e l’altro. Le domande della ricerca sono le seguenti: Nel processo di territorializzazione, cosa succede quando una struttura territoriale è colpita da un disastro? Gli spazi pubblici riescono a restituire multistabilità strutturale alla comunità colpita? In che modo gli spazi pubblici, intesi come spazi sociotopici, si dimostrano resilienti in seguito ai terremoti che disastrano L’Aquila? La partecipazione può essere intesa come una strategia di resilienza in contesto post-disastro, e, dunque, una delle possibili forme e/o indicatori di resilienza? La rappresentazione cartografica contribuisce a fornire nuovi elementi all’analisi dei dati e delle fonti? Il percorso di studio è consistito nella ricerca di fonti storiche dirette e indirette presso gli archivi dell’Aquila, nella ricognizione cartografica, iconografica e fotografica della città e nell’indagine condotta sul campo dal gruppo Move Your City, attraverso un approccio partecipativo, che ha permesso di individuare gli utilizzi degli spazi della socialità da parte dei giovani nel tempo libero in seguito al sisma del 2009. Grazie a questo percorso è stato possibile analizzare i dati raccolti tramite la categorizzazione degli spazi pubblici resilienti seguendo due criteri: temporale (spazi pubblici che dopo i disastri si sono dimostrati e mantenuti sempre resilienti e quelli nati dopo i disastri che dimostrano forme di resilienza) e funzionale (spazi pubblici resilienti rispetto al tipo di utilizzo, quindi in base alle funzioni che possono essere politiche, economiche, sociali e culturali). La ricerca conduce ad importanti risultati riguardo il ruolo strategico svolto dagli spazi pubblici della città dell’Aquila; seguendo la categorizzazione prevista si può dire, a titolo esemplificativo, che: la Piazza del Mercato o Piazza Duomo, cioè la piazza principale della città, si dimostra sempre resiliente in seguito ai terremoti anche cambiando la propria funzione (da area abitativa post-sisma a funzione religiosa, economica e poi politica e sociale). Le mura urbiche si dimostrano resilienti soprattutto in seguito ai terremoti di epoca medievale e moderna svolgendo una funzione politica e difensiva, che perdono con l’espansione della città in seguito al terremoto del 1915 ma riassumono valore come bene culturale in seguito al sisma del 2009 (è uno dei primi beni ad essere restaurati). Uno studio di questo tipo, che coniuga la ricerca d’archivio a quella sul campo tramite un approccio partecipativo, intende mostrare come sia importante una riflessione sulla resilienza degli spazi pubblici urbani, intesi come spazi sociotopici, in quanto essi rappresentano il luogo in cui si fuoriesce dall’esperienza individuale per immettersi in quella collettiva e, quindi, il luogo in cui la comunità si confronta e dialoga