Discriminaciones intra e interespecies: especies de Scorpaena del mar Negro, el mar Egeo, el mar de Mármara y Mediterráneo

This study was conducted to discriminate five Scorpaena species and populations of each species according to morphometric characters. A total of 1865 fish specimens were collected from the eight locations in the four Turkish seas: Antalya, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Hatay, İzmir, Marmara Ereğlisi, Ordu and Şile. In the study, 26 morphometric traits were measured for intra- and interspecific discrimination of five Scorpaena species. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis. As results of the PCA, 10 traits for S. maderensis and S. scrofa, 12 traits for S. elongata and 13 traits for S. notata and S. porcus were found to be important for intraspcific discrimination. The overall classification scores of intraspecific discrimination were determined as 94.6% for S. elongata, 90.5% for S. maderensis, 96.7% for S. notata, 96.5% for S. porcus and 92.2% for S. scrofa. The PCA indicated that 13 morphometric measurements among the 26 traits are important in the interspecific discrimination of five Scorpaena species. The cross-validated canonical discriminant analysis was correctly classified as 97.4% at the Scorpaena species level. The discrimination of correctly classified species ranged from 94.8% to 100%. Finally, we demonstrated that the morphometric characters examined in the present study can be used successfully in the intra- and interspecific discrimination of Scorpaena species from different habitats.Este estudio se realizó para discriminar cinco especies de Scorpaena y poblaciones de cada especie en función de los caracteres morfométricos. Se recolectaron un total de 1865 especímenes de peces de los ocho lugares como Antalya, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Hatay, İzmir, Marmara Ereğlisi, Ordu y Şile en los cuatro mares turcos. En el estudio, se midieron 26 rasgos morfométricos para discriminaciones intra e interespecies de cinco especies de Scorpaena. Los datos se sometieron a ANOVA, análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y análisis discriminante canónico (CDA). Como resultado del PCA, 10 rasgos para S. maderensis y S. scrofa, 12 rasgos para S. elongata, 13 rasgos para S. notata y S. porcus son importantes para la discriminación intraespecífica. Las puntuaciones generales de clasificación de discriminación intraespecífica se determinaron como 94,6% para S. elongata, 90,5% para S. maderensis, 96,7% para S. notata, 96,5% para S. porcus y 92,2% para S. scrofa. La PCA indicó que 13 medidas morfométricas entre los 26 rasgos son importantes en la discriminación interespecífica de cinco especies de Scorpaena. El análisis discriminante canónico con validación cruzada clasificó correctamente como 97,4% a nivel de la especie Scorpaena. La discriminación de especies correctamente clasificadas osciló entre 94,8 y 100%. Finalmente, demostramos que los caracteres morfométricos examinados en el presente estudio se pueden utilizar con éxito en las discriminaciones intra e interespecies de especies de Scorpaena de diferentes hábitats

Effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the early gestational period on lactational mastitis development: A new framework in the risk assessment

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is known to play a role in many infectious diseases with its immunomodulator effect. We aimed to determine whether optimal VD replacement for women who are deficient in VD, starting from early pregnancy was significantly protective against lactational mastitis (LM). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 132 lactating women applied to general surgery outpatient clinic of a university hospital between February 2021 and May 2021 and divided into two groups as those who used VD supplementation (Group 2) starting from the early gestational period and those who did not receive this supplementation (Group 1). The primary outcome was the effect of treatment of maternal VD deficiency or insufficiency on LM, an inflammatory condition of breast during lactational period ranging from a mild to severe forms. The demographic, birth and breastfeeding-related data including nipple crack and occurrence of LM and laboratory parameters concerning VD metabolism were analyzed and compared between the groups. Results: The rates of nipple crack, mastitis attack, recurrent mastitis attack and abscess drainage were statistically significantly higher in Group 1 (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that increased VD use and higher VD levels during lactation (25 ng/ml) decreased the incidence of mastitis attacks by 1.2 and 1.9 times, respectively. Conclusions: VD deficiency was found to be a noticeable risk factor for the development of LM. Concerted efforts with randomized controlled trials are necessary to further analyze this manageable risk factor, especially by promoting a well-designed and schematized replacement treatment based on VD levels starting from early pregnancy

Experiencing Cultural Heritage Through Gamification: Mardin orphanage

This paper presents early-stage research about the role of gamification in experiencing cultural heritage strongly within the sociological context, specifically focusing on the transformation of the old orphanage located in the historical city center of Mardin. The study acknowledges the significance of the old orphanage as an architectural heritage exemplar, built of natural Mardin stone, situated within a unique historical and archaeological urban environment. However, it recognizes the challenges of preserving the building's heritage value, which necessitate surpassing the superficial restoration methods applied to adapt it into a hotel. The primary motivation of this research is to develop a method for creating a navigable and interactive virtual replica of the orphanage, centering on the processes and outcomes of transferring its heritage value. To achieve this, the paper initially outlines the documentation and analysis procedures employed, utilizing photogrammetry to capture the past and current states of the orphanage. Subsequently, participants engage with a gamified and realistic digital replica of the orphanage, involving task-based interactions and scenario-based experiences. The paper concludes by presenting preliminary results concerning participant reactions to the initial virtual model, delivered through a VR device. By raising awareness about the significance of restoring and preserving historical heritage, this study aims to positively impact the domains of tourism, education, and conservation. Furthermore, it intends to shed light on future research opportunities in the field of digital cultural heritage.International Technological Universit

NEW DISTRIBUTION DATA FOR PRUSSIAN CARP Carassius gibelio (BLOCH 1782) IN THE MIDDLE BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY

U ovom radu prikazana je nova pojava babuške C. gibelio koja pripada rodu Carassius u jezerima Ulugöl Plateau (Mesudiye-Ordu, Turska) Perşembe Plateau (Aybastı-Ordu, Turska) u regiji srednjeg Crnog mora (Turska). Podaci o distribuciji babuške ažurirani su u usporedbi s ranije poznatim podacima u srednjem crnomorskom području Turske. Prikaz rezultata nekih morfoloških podataka uzoraka, prikupljenih s dva različita područja u regiji srednjeg Crnog mora, može doprinijeti utvrđivanju trenutnog statusa rasprostranjenosti ove invazivne vrste i određivanju potencijalnih područja rasprostranjenosti.In this study, the new occurrence of Carassius gibelio belonging to the genus Carassius in Ulugöl Plateau Pond (Mesudiye-Ordu, Turkey) and Perşembe Plateau Pond (Aybastı-Ordu, Turkey) in the Middle Black Sea Region (Turkey) is reported. The distribution data of Prussian carp was updated in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey in comparison to the previously known data. Presenting morphological data of samples collected from two different areas in the Middle Black Sea Region may contribute to revealing the current distribution status of this invasive species and determining the potential distribution areas

Evaluation of cognitive impairment in rheumatoid arthritis: predictive value of joint destruction and disease activity

AMAÇ: Romatoid Artrit (RA), oryantasyon, dikkat ve bellek zayıflığı gibi azalmış bilişsel işlevlere neden olur. Sunulan bu çalışmanın amacı RA’da bilişsel işlevlerin bir belirleyicisi olarak eklem yıkımını ve hastalığın diğer parametrelerini değerlendirmektir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu kesitsel çalışma, 45 hasta ve 40 sağlıklı kontrol içemektedir. RA’lı hastalarda radyolojik progresyon skoru (≥0.5, modifiye Sharp / van der Heijde skorları- MTS’ler), 28 eklemin hastalık aktivite skoru (DAS-28) ve 44 eklemin hastalık aktivite skoru (DAS-44) değerlendirildi. Mini Mental Test (MMSE) ve Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ) değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar, bilişsel işlevleri belirlemek için hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında karşılaştırıldı. BULGULAR: MMSE skorları açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p=0.003). RA ve kontrol grupları arasında anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu. MMSE skoru; hastalık süresi (p=0.011, r=-0.371), Sharp skoru (p=0.018, r=-0.350) ve DAS-28(p=0.044, r=-0.296) skoru ile ilişkilendirildi. Depresyon skoru da DAS ile ilişkiliydi (p=0.004, r=0.425). Romatoid faktör düzeyleri, antisiklik sitrullinat peptid düzeyleri ve bilişsel işlev testleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamadı. SONUÇ: Sonuçlar, uzun süredir RA olan hastalarda inflamatuar mediatörlere maruz kalmanın, eklemleri etkilediği sürece merkezi sinir sisteminde de bozulmaya neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bilişsel bozulma, hastalık şiddeti ve eklem yıkımı ile ilişkili idi. Dolayısıyla, radyografik eklem hasarı, RA’daki bu kronik süreç boyunca nöronal hasarın ve bilişsel bozulmanın boyutunu yansıtan pozitif bir ön belirteç olabilir.OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) cause poor cognitive functions including reduced memory, orientation and attention. The aim of the present study is to evaluate joint destruction and other parameters of disease as a predictor of cognitive functions in RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included forty five patients and forty healthy controls. Radiological progression score (≥0.5 the modified Sharp/ van der Heijde scores- MTSs), disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS-28) and disease activity score of 44 joints (DAS-44) were evaluated in patients with RA. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were evaluated and the results were compared between patients and control groups to determinate cognitive functions. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of MMSE scores (p=0.003). There were no significant differences in terms of anxiety and depression levels between RA and control groups. MMSE score was correlated with disease duration (p=0.011, r=- 0.371), Sharp score (p=0.018, r=-0.350) and DAS-28 score (p=0.044, r=-0.296). Depression score was also correlated with DAS (p=0.004, r=0.425). No relationship was found between Rheumatoid factor levels, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels and the cognitive function tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that exposure to inflammatory mediators in patients with long standing RA may lead to deterioration on central nervous system as long as affecting joints. Cognitive deterioration was correlated with disease severity and joint destruction. Thus, the radiographic joint destruction can be a positive predictor of reflecting the extent of neuronal damage and cognitive deterioration during this chronic process in RA

Do N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels determine the prognosis of community acquired pneumonia?

Objective: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, especially in theelderly. The use of clinical risk scores to determine prognosis is complex and thereforeleads to errors in clinical practice. Pneumonia can cause increases in the levels of cardiacbiomarkers such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The prognosticrole of the NT-proBNP level in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of the NT-proBNP level in patientswith CAP, as well as its correlation with clinical risk scores. Methods: Consecutiveinpatients with CAP were enrolled in the study. At hospital admission, venous bloodsamples were collected for the evaluation of NT-proBNP levels. The Pneumonia SeverityIndex (PSI) and the Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, and age ? 65years (CURB-65) score were calculated. The primary outcome of interest was all-causemortality within the first 30 days after hospital admission, and a secondary outcomewas ICU admission. Results: The NT-proBNP level was one of the best predictors of30-day mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.735 (95% CI: 0.642-0.828; p< 0.001), as was the PSI, which had an AUC of 0.739 (95% CI: 0.634-0.843; p < 0.001),whereas the CURB-65 had an AUC of only 0.659 (95% CI: 0.556-0.763; p = 0.006).The NT-proBNP cut-off level found to be the best predictor of ICU admission and 30-day mortality was 1,434.5 pg/mL. Conclusions: The NT-proBNP level appears to be agood predictor of ICU admission and 30-day mortality among inpatients with CAP, witha predictive value for mortality comparable to that of the PSI and better than that of theCURB-65 score

The incidence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents with different phenotypes of PCOS

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Turkish adolescents with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the Youth Center clinic of a tertiary referral hospital in Turkey. Adolescents with PCOS (n = 144) were classified into four phenotype groups according to the presence of oligo/anovulation (O), hyperandrogenism (H), and polycystic ovarian morphology (P) as follows: Phenotype A (O + H + P), Phenotype B (H + O), Phenotype C (H + P), Phenotype D (O + P). The adolescents gave early follicular phase blood samples for endocrine and metabolic tests. The incidence and the presence of parameters of metabolic syndrome were assessed among the four groups. Results: In total, 54.9% of the adolescents with PCOS were overweight and 25.7% had metabolic syndrome. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in Phenotypes A-D were as follows: 39.5%, 20.5%, 26.5%, and 15.2%, respectively. Although body mass index was higher in the Phenotype A group, insulin resistance was similar in all of the phenotype groups. The most common dyslipidemia was low HDL-C levels and this was present in more than half of the adolescents with PCOS. Both body mass index and total testosterone levels were significantly higher in adolescents with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Although low HDL-C levels and insulin resistance are common PCOS findings in adolescents, the metabolic profile seems to be worse in Phenotype A than the other phenotypes. Therefore, screening programs should evaluate patients based on the known risk factors and phenotypes for adolescents with PCOS

Učinci liječenja hidroksiklorokinomplus favipiravirom na klinički tok i biomarkeri u hospitaliziranih pacijenata s COVID-19 i upalom pluća

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, the most common serious clinical manifestation of the coronavirus infection being pneumonia. Unfortunately, the optimal treatment approach is still uncertain. However, many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of several medications in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + favipiravir (FAV) treatment regimen and HCQ alone by comparing the patient’s clinical response and laboratory results on the fifth day of treatment in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection. Patients and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Malatya Training and Research Hospital between March 2020 and July 2020. The study included 69 patients with confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia. The patients were divided into 2 groups, those receiving HCQ alone and those receiving the HCQ + FAV combination. Results: A total of 69 patients were included in the study, and the mean age was 60.09±15.56 years. A statistically significant decrease was observed in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, at the end of the fifth day, in patients who received HCQ + FAV treatment (p=0.002), whereas there was no decrease in CRP levels in patients who received HCQ treatment alone. In addition, an increase in lymphocyte count and a better fever response was observed at the end of the fifth day in patients who received HCQ + FAV (p=0.008). However, there was no statistical difference between both treatment regimens in terms of hospital stay and treatment results (p=0.008, p=0.744, p=0.517). Conclusion: Although the combination of HCQ + FAV treatment was observed to be effective on CRP levels and fever response in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, there was no difference in terms of hospital stay and discharge.Pozadina: Bolest uzrokovana novim koronavirusom 2019 (COVID-19) ima širok spektar kliničkih manifestacija, pri čemu je upala pluća najčešća ozbiljna klinička manifestacija infekcije koronavirusom. Nažalost, optimalni pristup liječenju još uvijek nije jasno utvrđen. Ipak, provedeno je mnogo studija koje su istraživale učinkovitost raznih lijekova u liječenju infekcije COVID-19 virusom. Cilj ove studije bio je utvrditi učinkovitost liječenja kombinacijom hidroksiklorokina (HCQ) i favipiravira (FAV) te liječenja isključivo HCQ-om, uspoređivanjem kliničkog odgovora pacijenata na liječenje i njihovih laboratorijskih rezultata nakon pet dana liječenja u pacijenata hospitaliziranih zbog infekcije virusom COVID-19. Pacijenti i metode: Ova retrospektivna kohortna studija provedena je u Malatya Training and Research Hospital između ožujka 2020. i srpnja 2020. Uključivala je 69 pacijenata s potvrđenom infekcijom virusa COVID-19 sa upalom pluća. Pacijenti su podijeljeni u dvije skupine, od kojih je jedna primala samo HCQ, a druga kombinaciju HCQ + FAV. Rezultati: U studiju je uključeno ukupno 69 pacijenata s prosječnom dobi od 60,09±15,56 godina. Zamijećena je statistički značajno smanjenje u razini C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP) na kraju petog dana liječenja u pacijenata koji su primali HCQ + FAV (p=0,002), a nije bilo smanjenja u razini CRP-a u pacijenata koji su primali samo HCQ. Uz to, u pacijenata koji su primali HCQ + FAV zamijećeno je i povećanje u broju limfocita te bolji odgovor na vrućicu na kraju petog dana liječenja (p=0,008). Ipak, nije bilo statističke razlike između ta dva režima liječenja u odnosu na trajanje hospitalizacije i rezultata liječenja (p=0,008, p=0,744, p=0,517). Zaključak: Iako je kombinacija HCQ + FAV bila učinkovita glede razine CRP-a i odgovora na vrućicu u pacijenata sa upalom pluća uzrokovanom COVID-19 virusom, nije bilo razlike u trajanju hospitalizacije i otpusta iz bolnice

Orta Karadeniz’den Örneklenen Merlangius merlangus‘un Dört Otolit Karakterinin Dalgalı Asimetrisinin İncelenmesi

Fluctuating asymmetry was calculated for the otolith width, length, area and perimeter of Merlangius merlangus caught in the Middle Black Sea. In the present study, M. merlangus samples were divided nine-total length groups. All total length groups were examined for asymmetry values in the otolith characters, the highest asymmetry values were found in the Group III. The lowest asymmetry values in four otolith characters such as area, length, perimeter, and width were calculated in the Group I and Group IX. In this study, it was determined that the otolith asymmetry levels of M. merlangus in the Middle Black Sea were varied between the four otolith characters, the otolith area has the highest and the otolith length has the lowest asymmetric feature. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the asymmetry values of the four otolith characters and total length. The asymmetry in these otolith characters may be a result of the stress from different pollutants in the Black Sea.Orta Karadeniz'den yakalanan Merlangius merlangus’un otolit genişliği, uzunluğu, alanı ve çevresi için dalgalı asimetri değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen M. merlangus örnekleri dokuz total boy grubuna ayrılmıştır. Tüm total boy grupları, otolit karakterlerindeki asimetri değerleri açısından incelenmiş ve en yüksek asimetri değerleri Grup III'de bulunmuştur. Alan, uzunluk, çevre ve genişlik gibi dört otolit karakterindeki en düşük asimetri değerleri Grup I ve Grup IX'de hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Orta Karadeniz'deki M. merlangus'un otolit asimetri düzeylerinin bu dört otolit karakteri arasında farklılık gösterdiği, otolit alanının en yüksek ve otolit boyunun ise en düşük asimetrik özelliğe sahip oluğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu dört otolit karakterinin asimetri değerleri ile total boy grupları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur. Bu türün otolit karakterlerinde gözlenen asimetri Karadeniz’deki farklı kirleticilerden kaynaklı stresin bir sonucu olabilir

A 6-Month-Old Boy with Reddish, Scaly Skin: Netherton Syndrome

Typical features of Netherton syndrome are congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, atopic diathesis and trichorrhexis nodosa. Here in this report, we present a case with congenital ichthyosis with atopy presenting later. We wanted to discuss the importance of whole exome sequencing to diagnose the atypical presentations of common syndromes