Prevalencija ovčje estroze (Oestrus ovis Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae) i rizični čimbenici njezina širenja u istočnoj Turskoj.

This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, larval burden and some risk factors of ovine oestrosis in 328 heads of randomly selected sheep slaughtered in one year at Van, eastern Turkey. Of the total heads, 127 (38.71 %) were infested with Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae) larvae. The prevalence of O. ovis was 51.68 % in summer, 40.69 % in spring, 35.80 % in autumn, and 23.61 % in winter. The differences between seasons were statistically significant (P<0.05). Out of a total of 511 larvae collected, 17 % were L1, 29 % L2, and 54 % L3 larvae. All three larval instars were observed in all study months, apart from the fact that no first-stage larvae were seen in December and March. The overall larval intensity for the infested sheep was 4.02, with 3.42 in spring, 3.80 in summer, 4.03 in autumn and 5.82 in winter. The infestation rates were 41.26 % in female and 34.42 % in male sheep. The infestation rate in sheep less than 2-years-old was 23.33 %, in those 2 to 4 years-old 36.42 % and inj those older than 4 years old 48.43 %. Sheep with dark head color had a higher risk than sheep with white and spotted heads (P<0.05).Ovo istraživanje provedeno je radi procjene prevalencije, opterećenja ličinkama i čimbenika rizika estroze u 328 nasumično odabranih ovaca na klaonici u Van-u u istočnoj Turskoj. Od toga broja je 127 ovaca (38,71%) bilo invadirano ličinkama ovčjeg štrka Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae). Prevalencija O. ovis iznosila je 51,68 % ljeti, 40,69 % u proljeće, 35,80 % u jesen i 23,61 % zimi. Sezonske razlike bile su statistički signifikantne (P<0,05). Od ukupno 511 prikupljenih ličinaka 17 % bile su ličinke L1, 29% L2 te 54 % L3. Razvoj svih triju stupnjeva ličinaka bio je promatran svaki mjesec tijekom istraživanja, osim što ličinke prvog stupnja nisu bile ustanovljene u prosincu i ožujku. Prosječna jačina invazije po ovci iznosila je 4,02: na proljeće 3,42, ljeti 3,80, u jesen 4,03 te zimi 5,82. Stupanj invazije iznosio je 41,26% u ovaca i 34,42% u ovnova. Stupanj invazije u životinja mlađih od 2 godine iznosio je 23,33%, u onih u dobi od 2 do 4 godine bio je 36,42 %, a u onih starijih od 4 godine bio je 48,43 %. Ovce s tamnom bojom dlake na glavi imale su veći rizik od oboljevanja u usporedbi s ovcama koje su imale bijelu ili šarenu glavu (P<0,05)

Phlebotominae species (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Van province

Bu araştırma Nisan - Ekim 2001 tarihleri arasında Van’ın Merkez, Edremit, Gevaş ve Erciş ilçelerinde bulunan Phlebotomus türlerinin tespiti amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma süresince 185’i erkek, 113’ü dişi olmak üzere toplam 298 Phlebotomus örneği toplanmıştır. Erkek tatarcıklar (%62) dişilerden fazla bulunmuştur. Mikroskopik incelemeler sonucu yaygınlık sırasına göre P. balcanicus (%39), P. transcaucasicus (%34), P. papatasi (%22) ve P. jacusieli (%5) olmak üzere 4 tür tespit edilmiştir. Bulunan türler Van yöresinde ilk kez saptanmış, en fazla Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında aktif oldukları görülmüştür.In this study, sandfly species were determined in various counties of Van city including the Centrum, Edremit, Gevas and Ercis between April and October 2001. During this period, a total of 298 sandflies (185 males and 113 females) was collected. Male sandflies were found to be more common than female ones (62%). In consequence of microscopial examination, four species were identified as P. balcanicus (39%), P. transcaucasicus (34%), P. papatasi (22%) and P. jacusieli (5%), respectively. These species were reported firstly from Van province and large proportion of the sandflies was collected in July and August

Stomoxys (Diptera, Muscidae) and Transmission of Some Important Parasitic Diseases by Stable flies

Stomoxys sinekleri, çiftlik hayvanlarının ve bazen de insanların deri ve kanlarında yaşayan pek çok patojen için mekanik vektörlük yapmaktadır. İmmun sistem baskılayıcı etkileri yanında, kan kaybı, stres, iştah kaybı, deri lezyonlarına yol açar ve hayvanları oldukça rahatsız ederler. Hayvanların bu sineklerden kendilerini korumak için bir araya toplanmaları da patojen etkenlerin mekanik bulaşmasına katkı sağlar. Stomoxys sinekleri Trypanasoma sp, Besnoitia sp, Habronema microstoma, Onchocerca sp. ve Dirofilaria sp. gibi parazitlere taşıyıcılık yapmaktadırlar. Kozmopolit bir yayılış gösteren Stomoxys calcitrans’ın hayvan ve insanlara patojen etkenleri bulaştırmada önemli bir vektörlük profiline sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu konunun önemi gereği gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalara ışık tutması amacıyla bu insektin morfolojisi, biyolojisi, tıbbi önemleri, kontrol metodları ile ilgili son bilgiler ve literatürler incelenerek derleme yapılmıştır.Stomoxys flies are mechanical vectors of various pathogens existing in the blood and skin of livestock, but sometimes humans. In addition to their immune suppressive effects, they have quite a few disturbance effects on skin lesions, reduction of food intake, stress and blood loss. To protection from flies, the gathering of animals also contribute development of mechanical transmission of pathogens. Dirofilaria sp, Onchocerca sp, Habronema microstoma, Besnoitia sp and Trypanasoma sp are transmitted by Stomoxys. Stomoxys calcitransindicate a cosmopolitan distribution is known as a profile of an significant vectoring transmitting pathogens to the animals and humans. Due to importance of this subject, a review has been made concerning the morphology, biology, medical importance, control methods of the Stomoxys flies so that future investigations may benefit

Van İli Koyunlarında Linguatula serrata (Fröhlich, 1789)

Bu araştırma, Van Et ve Balık Kurumu’nda kesilen koyunlarda akciğer ve bağırsak mezenterial lenf yumrularında Linguatula\ud serrata nimflerini araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için, 347 koyunun mezenterial lenf yumrusu ile 224 koyunun akciğer lenf yumruları\ud incelenmiştir. 347 koyunun 18’inde (%5,19) L. serrata nimfleri tespit edilirken, akciğer lenf yumrularında L. serrata nimfleri tespit\ud edilmemiştir. Enfekte koyunlarda toplam 19 L. serrata nimfi toplanmış olup, bir mezenterial lenf yumrusunda iki adet L. serrata nimfi\ud görülmüştür

Prevalencija ovčje estroze (Oestrus ovis Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae) i rizični čimbenici njezina širenja u istočnoj Turskoj.

This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, larval burden and some risk factors of ovine oestrosis in 328 heads of randomly selected sheep slaughtered in one year at Van, eastern Turkey. Of the total heads, 127 (38.71 %) were infested with Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae) larvae. The prevalence of O. ovis was 51.68 % in summer, 40.69 % in spring, 35.80 % in autumn, and 23.61 % in winter. The differences between seasons were statistically significant (P<0.05). Out of a total of 511 larvae collected, 17 % were L1, 29 % L2, and 54 % L3 larvae. All three larval instars were observed in all study months, apart from the fact that no first-stage larvae were seen in December and March. The overall larval intensity for the infested sheep was 4.02, with 3.42 in spring, 3.80 in summer, 4.03 in autumn and 5.82 in winter. The infestation rates were 41.26 % in female and 34.42 % in male sheep. The infestation rate in sheep less than 2-years-old was 23.33 %, in those 2 to 4 years-old 36.42 % and inj those older than 4 years old 48.43 %. Sheep with dark head color had a higher risk than sheep with white and spotted heads (P<0.05).Ovo istraživanje provedeno je radi procjene prevalencije, opterećenja ličinkama i čimbenika rizika estroze u 328 nasumično odabranih ovaca na klaonici u Van-u u istočnoj Turskoj. Od toga broja je 127 ovaca (38,71%) bilo invadirano ličinkama ovčjeg štrka Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1761, Diptera: Oestridae). Prevalencija O. ovis iznosila je 51,68 % ljeti, 40,69 % u proljeće, 35,80 % u jesen i 23,61 % zimi. Sezonske razlike bile su statistički signifikantne (P<0,05). Od ukupno 511 prikupljenih ličinaka 17 % bile su ličinke L1, 29% L2 te 54 % L3. Razvoj svih triju stupnjeva ličinaka bio je promatran svaki mjesec tijekom istraživanja, osim što ličinke prvog stupnja nisu bile ustanovljene u prosincu i ožujku. Prosječna jačina invazije po ovci iznosila je 4,02: na proljeće 3,42, ljeti 3,80, u jesen 4,03 te zimi 5,82. Stupanj invazije iznosio je 41,26% u ovaca i 34,42% u ovnova. Stupanj invazije u životinja mlađih od 2 godine iznosio je 23,33%, u onih u dobi od 2 do 4 godine bio je 36,42 %, a u onih starijih od 4 godine bio je 48,43 %. Ovce s tamnom bojom dlake na glavi imale su veći rizik od oboljevanja u usporedbi s ovcama koje su imale bijelu ili šarenu glavu (P<0,05)

Molecular detection of Nosema spp. and black queen-cell virus in honeybees in Van Province, Turkey

This study was planned to determine the prevalences of the Nosema spp. and the black queen-cell virus (BQCV) among honeybees (Apis mellifera) raised in the province of Van by PCR and to determine the molecular characteristics of the determined isolates. A total of 260 adult worker bees from 26 colonies at 5 apiary locations belonging to the province of Van in April and May 2015 were collected for this reason. Samples were examined microscopically. In the case of positivity, spore identification was done by multiplex PCR. Reverse transcription/PCR analysis (RT/PCR) was carried out for the BQCV analysis. At the end of the microscopic examination, Nosema spp. spores were detected in 8 out of 26 colonies (32.5%). The result of multiplex-PCR revealed Nosema ceranae positivity in all of the samples, but no Nosema apis was determined. As a result of the RT/PCR tests of the samples BQCV was detected in 23 (88.5%) of the total 26 colonies. This study is the first to investigate Nosema spp. and BQCV with the PCR technique in bees raised in the province of Van

Management Patterns of Male Urethral Stricture Disease among Urologists: What Do the Guidelines Say? What Do Urologists Do?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate and analyze the daily clinical practice for male urethral stricture disease (MUSD) among urologists. METHODS: Considering the latest guidelines on urethral stricture disease, a survey was developed regarding the various treatment options and preferences in different sites of male urethral stricture disease. The survey was sent to urologists via e-mail and phone application. RESULTS: A total of 266 urologists completed the survey and were included in the final analysis. In regard to workplace, 62 (23.3%), 58 (21.8%), 71 (26.7%), and 75 (28.2%) respondents worked in university hospitals, training and research hospitals, state hospitals, and private practice hospitals, respectively. In regard to the diagnostic method used in male urethral strictures, 88.7% of the participants would choose uroflowmetry + postvoiding residual (UF + PVR), and 64.6% would choose retrograde urethrography (RUG). Direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) was the most frequently chosen method in penile urethral strictures (PUS), being chosen by 72.9%. Direct vision anterior internal urethrotomy was the most common method for both ≤2 cm and >2 cm strictures, 63.1%, and 30.8%, respectively. The most preferred graft for augmentation urethroplasty was buccal mucosa (75.8%). Endoscopic incision/resection (transurethral resection (TUR)) is the most frequently applied treatment method for posterior urethral/vesicourethral anastomotic strictures (86.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study clearly shows that most urologists still prefer DVIU and urethral dilatation to urethroplasty in MUSD, which contradicts current guidelines. Urologists should be encouraged to perform urethroplasty and/or refer patients to experienced centres for recurrent MUSD