756 research outputs found
What symptoms best predict severe distress in an online survey of UK health and social care staff facing COVID-19: development of the two-item Tipping Point Index
Objectives: COVID-19 has altered standard thresholds for identifying anxiety and depression. A brief questionnaire to determine when individuals are at a tipping point for severe anxiety or depression would greatly help decisions about when to seek assessment or treatment.
Design: Data were collected as part of the Frontline-COVID Study, a cross-sectional national online survey with good coverage of health and social care settings. New questionnaire items reflecting when coping was actually breaking down were compared with standard measures of severe anxiety and depression. Data were collected between 27 May and 23 July 2020.
Setting: The majority of participants worked in hospitals (53%), in nursing or care homes (15%), or in other community settings (30%).
Participants: Of 1194 qualifying respondents, 1038 completed the six tipping point items. Respondents included nurses, midwives, doctors, care workers, healthcare assistants, allied healthcare professionals and other non-medical staff. Over 90% were white and female.
Main outcome measures: Threshold for severe anxiety according to the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 or moderately severe depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Results: Answering yes to one of two simple questions (âOver the last week have you been often feeling panicky or on the point of losing control of your emotions?â, âOver the last week have you felt complete hopelessness about the future?â) demonstrated very high sensitivity (0.95, 95%âCI 0.92 to 0.97) and negative predictive value (0.97, 95%âCI 0.95 to 0.98). Answering yes to both questions yielded high specificity (0.90, 95%âCI 0.87 to 0.92) and positive predictive value (0.72, 95%âCI 0.67 to 0.77). Results were replicated in two random subsamples and were consistent across different genders, ethnic backgrounds, and health or social care settings.
Conclusions: Answering two simple yes/no questions can provide simple and immediate guidance to assist with decisions about whether to seek further assessment or treatment.
Data availability statement:
Anonymised data that support the findings of this study are available from TG upon reasonable request. The data have not been made publicly available due to their personal and sensitive nature
Electronic structure and chemical bonding in Ti2AlC investigated by soft x-ray emission spectroscopy
The electronic structure of the nanolaminated transition metal carbide Ti2AlC
has been investigated by bulk-sensitive soft x-ray emission spectroscopy. The
measured Ti L, C K and Al L emission spectra are compared with calculated
spectra using ab initio density-functional theory including dipole matrix
elements. The detailed investigation of the electronic structure and chemical
bonding provides increased understanding of the physical properties of this
type of nanolaminates. Three different types of bond regions are identified;
the relatively weak Ti 3d - Al 3p hybridization 1 eV below the Fermi level, and
the Ti 3d - C 2p and Ti 3d - C 2s hybridizations which are stronger and deeper
in energy are observed around 2.5 eV and 10 eV below the Fermi level,
respectively. A strongly modified spectral shape of the 3s final states in
comparison to pure Al is detected for the buried Al monolayers indirectly
reflecting the Ti 3d - Al 3p hybridization. The differences between the
electronic and crystal structures of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and TiC are discussed in
relation to the number of Al layers per Ti layer in the two former systems and
the corresponding change of the unusual materials properties.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures; PACS:78.70.En, 71.15.Mb, 71.20.-
Pupil Size Variation Related to Oral Report of Affective Pictures
AbstractThe goal of the experiment was to establish pupil size variations while viewing and reporting 48 affective (IAPS) pictur es. The experiment consisted of 44 students. Pictures appeared on the screen for 20 secs in random order. After reporting the SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin), the participants orally reported on the pictures. In the phase of picture viewing, the unpleasant pictures revealed larger pupillary responses than neutral and pleasant pictures (p<.001). The mean pupil size was at its great est also during the reporting of unpleasant pictures (p< .001). Results indicated that the differences in pupil size variations endure from the viewing phase to the reporting phase of pictures
Novel cytoskeletal mutations with immunodeficiency : Why is the raven like a writing desk?
Non peer reviewe
Aerosol formation and growth rates from chamber experiments using Kalman smoothing
Bayesian state estimation in the form of Kalman smoothing was applied to differential mobility analyser train (DMA-train) measurements of aerosol size distribution dynamics. Four experiments were analysed in order to estimate the aerosol size distribution, formation rate, and size-dependent growth rate, as functions of time. The first analysed case was a synthetic one, generated by a detailed aerosol dynamics model and the other three chamber experiments performed at the CERN CLOUD facility. The estimated formation and growth rates were compared with other methods used earlier for the CLOUD data and with the true values for the computer-generated synthetic experiment. The agreement in the growth rates was very good for all studied cases: estimations with an earlier method fell within the uncertainty limits of the Kalman smoother results. The formation rates also matched well, within roughly a factor of 2.5 in all cases, which can be considered very good considering the fact that they were estimated from data given by two different instruments, the other being the particle size magnifier (PSM), which is known to have large uncertainties close to its detection limit. The presented fixed interval Kalman smoother (FIKS) method has clear advantages compared with earlier methods that have been applied to this kind of data. First, FIKS can reconstruct the size distribution between possible size gaps in the measurement in such a way that it is consistent with aerosol size distribution dynamics theory, and second, the method gives rise to direct and reliable estimation of size distribution and process rate uncertainties if the uncertainties in the kernel functions and numerical models are known.Bayesian state estimation in the form of Kalman smoothing was applied to differential mobility analyser train (DMA-train) measurements of aerosol size distribution dynamics. Four experiments were analysed in order to estimate the aerosol size distribution, formation rate, and size-dependent growth rate, as functions of time. The first analysed case was a synthetic one, generated by a detailed aerosol dynamics model and the other three chamber experiments performed at the CERN CLOUD facility. The estimated formation and growth rates were compared with other methods used earlier for the CLOUD data and with the true values for the computer-generated synthetic experiment. The agreement in the growth rates was very good for all studied cases: estimations with an earlier method fell within the uncertainty limits of the Kalman smoother results. The formation rates also matched well, within roughly a factor of 2.5 in all cases, which can be considered very good considering the fact that they were estimated from data given by two different instruments, the other being the particle size magnifier (PSM), which is known to have large uncertainties close to its detection limit. The presented fixed interval Kalman smoother (FIKS) method has clear advantages compared with earlier methods that have been applied to this kind of data. First, FIKS can reconstruct the size distribution between possible size gaps in the measurement in such a way that it is consistent with aerosol size distribution dynamics theory, and second, the method gives rise to direct and reliable estimation of size distribution and process rate uncertainties if the un-certainties in the kernel functions and numerical models are known.Peer reviewe
Size and location of radish 1 chromosome regions carrying the fertility restorer Rfk1 gene in spring turnip rape
In spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. spp. oleifera) the most promising F1
hybrid system would be the Ogu-INRA CMS/Rf system. A Kosena fertility restorer
gene Rfk1, homologue of the Ogura restorer gene Rfo, was successfully
transferred from oilseed rape into turnip rape and that restored the fertility
in female lines carrying Ogura cms. The trait was, however, unstable in
subsequent generations. The physical localization of the radish chromosomal
region carrying the Rfk1 gene was investigated using 8 GISH (genomic in situ
hybridization) and BAC-FISH (bacterial artificial chromosome fluorescence in
situ hybridization) methods. The metaphase chromosomes were hybridized using
radish DNA as the genomic probe and BAC64 probe, which is linked with Rfo gene.
Both probes showed a signal in the chromosome spreads of the restorer line
4021-2 Rfk of turnip rape but not in the negative control line 4021B. The GISH
analyses clearly showed that the turnip rape restorer plants were either
monosomic (2n=2x=20+1R) or disomic (2n=2x=20+2R) addition lines with one or two
copies of a single alien chromosome region originating from radish. In the
BAC-FISH analysis, double dot signals were detected in sub-terminal parts of
the radish chromosome arms showing that the fertility restorer gene Rfk1 was
located in this additional radish chromosome. Detected disomic addition lines
were found to be unstable for turnip rape hybrid production. Using the BAC-FISH
analysis, weak signals were sometimes visible in two chromosomes of turnip rape
and a homologous region of Rfk1 in chromosome 9 of the B. rapa A genome was
verified with BLAST analysis. In the future this homologous area in A genome
could be substituted with radish chromosome area carrying the Rfk1 gene.Comment: "The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com".
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Androgen deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 in men with prostate cancer
Non peer reviewe
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