De novo analysis of the haustorial transcriptome of the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera xanthii reveals new candidate secreted effector proteins

Backgrounds. Cucurbit crops are affected, among other pathogens, by the obligate biotrophic fungus Podosphaera xanthii, the main causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits. This fungus develops a specialized structure of parasitism termed haustorium. Haustoria are developed into epidermal cells and are responsible for nutrients uptake and effectors delivery. Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain the haustorial transcriptome of P. xanthii to complete the panel of effector candidates of this fungal pathogen. Methods. To obtain the haustorial transcriptome, we have developed an effective method for isolation of haustoria without contaminants by flow cytometry. The cDNA library was built using a combination of dT primers and random primers followed by a depletion of ribosomal sequences. Sequencing was carried out by Illumina NextSeq550. Conclusions. After bioinformatic analysis, we were able to identify 25 new effector candidates secreted by the classic pathway (with signal peptide) and 269 new candidates secreted by the non-classic pathway (without signal peptide). Most proteins had no functional annotation. By protein modelling and ligand predictions, we are now being able to assign putative functions to some of these candidates to select those with potential roles in pathogenesis for subsequent functional in vivo analysis by HIGS (host-induced gene silencing). By these approaches, we are starting to shed some light into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in this very important pathogen of cucurbits.This work was supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2013-41938-R), co-financed with FEDER funds (EU). A grant form Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, is also acknowledged

Resolviendo problemas de cálculo diferencial e integral. Estrategias y herramientas

Este trabajo surge del dictado del taller sobre resolución de problemas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral, estrategias y herramientas, durante RELME 28. En la elaboración de la propuesta y posterior desarrollo del mismo, se tuvo en cuenta que la posibilidad de resolver un problema depende, mayormente, de la adopción de un modo apropiado de encarar el mismo, y que esta característica ofrece un amplio campo de estudio del problema desde distintas perspectivas. Los objetivos son: en primer lugar, corroborar si los docentes integran las diferentes representaciones (gráfica, numérica y algebraica) en la resolución de problemas; y en segundo lugar, comprobar si los procesos de conjeturación, experimentación, simulación y verificación, se llevan a cabo en la resolución de problemas con herramientas informáticas

La incidencia de un software en la resolución de problemas de cálculo multivariable, un estudio de caso

En nuestra investigación vinculada a la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías en la enseñanza de la Matemática en carreras de Ingeniería, abordamos un estudio de caso longitudinal con enfoque mixto, sobre la incidencia del software en las producciones de los alumnos. Nuestros objetivos fueron: describir las estrategias vinculadas al uso de un Sistema Algebraico Computacional que utilizan los alumnos en la resolución de problemas; y analizar el nivel de incidencia de su uso en las producciones de los alumnos. La toma de datos en dos etapas, nos permitió analizar la evolución de cada grupo y observar que la decisión sobre la utilización o no-utilización del software estuvo vinculada a la necesidad del mismo como herramienta. Esto nos permite afirmar que no se observa una dependencia ni automatización en el uso del mismo

La prestación económica por cuidado de menores afectados por cáncer u otra enfermedad grave = The economic benefit for care of children affected by cancer or another serious illnes

El presente Trabajo de fin de Grado (en adelante, TFG) lleva a cabo el análisis del Real Decreto 1148/2011, de 29 de julio, para la aplicación y desarrollo, en el sistema de la Seguridad Social, de la prestación económica por cuidado de menores afectados por cáncer u otra enfermedad grave, de conformidad con el artículo 190 del Real Decreto Legislativo 8/2015, de 30 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el Texto refundido de la Ley General de Seguridad Social. Para abordarlo se estudiará su ámbito de aplicación, la situación protegida, el listado de enfermedades graves, las personas beneficiarias examinando los requisitos generales para acceder a la prestación, así como otros requisitos que se tienen que cumplir en diferentes situaciones como en la separación judicial, la pluriactividad, el pluriempleo, el contrato a tiempo parcial y la obligación de estar al corriente de pago de las cuotas a efectos de las prestaciones. También se analizan los periodos mínimos de cotización, la prestación económica, el nacimiento, la duración, la suspensión, la extinción, la gestión y el pago de dicha prestación económica, el procedimiento para el reconocimiento del derecho y la exclusión de los funcionarios públicos del ámbito de aplicación de la prestació

Structural identifiability and observability of microbial community models

Biological communities are populations of various species interacting in a common location. Microbial communities, which are formed by microorganisms, are ubiquitous in nature and are increasingly used in biotechnological and biomedical applications. They are nonlinear systems whose dynamics can be accurately described by models of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A number of ODE models have been proposed to describe microbial communities. However, the structural identifiability and observability of most of them—that is, the theoretical possibility of inferring their parameters and internal states by observing their output—have not been determined yet. It is important to establish whether a model possesses these properties, because, in their absence, the ability of a model to make reliable predictions may be compromised. Hence, in this paper, we analyse these properties for the main families of microbial community models. We consider several dimensions and measurements; overall, we analyse more than a hundred different configurations. We find that some of them are fully identifiable and observable, but a number of cases are structurally unidentifiable and/or unobservable under typical experimental conditions. Our results help in deciding which modelling frameworks may be used for a given purpose in this emerging area, and which ones should be avoided.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2021/003Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-113992RA-I00Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. RYC-2019-027537-

STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0: user-friendly, efficient analysis of structural identifiability and observability

Structural identifiability and observability are desirable properties of systems biology models. Many software toolboxes have been developed for their analysis in the last decades. STRIKE-GOLDD is a generally applicable tool that can analyse non-linear, non-rational ODE models with unknown inputs. However, this generality comes at the expense of a lower computational efficiency than other tools. Here we present STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0, which includes a new algorithm, ProbObsTest, specifically designed for the analysis of rational models. ProbObsTest is significantly faster than the FISPO algorithm - which was already available in older versions of the toolbox - when applied to computationally expensive models. An important feature of both algorithms is their ability to analyse models with unknown inputs. Thus, their coexistence in the same toolbox provides a combination of general applicability and computational efficiency. STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0 is implemented as a free and open-source Matlab toolbox with a user-friendly graphical interface. It is available under a GPLv3 license and it can be downloaded from GitHub at https://github.com/afvillaverde/strike-goldd.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur

STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0: user-friendly, efficient analysis of structural identifiability and observability

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGMotivation: STRIKE-GOLDD is a toolbox that analyses the structural identifiability and observability of possibly non-linear, non-rational ODE models that may have known and unknown inputs. Its broad applicability comes at the expense of a lower computational efficiency than other tools. Results: STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0 includes a new algorithm, ProbObsTest, specifically designed for the analysis of rational models. ProbObsTest is significantly faster than the previously available FISPO algorithm when applied to computationally expensive models. Providing both algorithms in the same toolbox allows combining generality and computational efficiency. STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0 is implemented as a Matlab toolbox with a user-friendly graphical interface. Availability and implementation: STRIKE-GOLDD 4.0 is a free and open-source tool available under a GPLv3 license. It can be downloaded from GitHub at https://github.com/afvillaverde/strike-goldd. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 | Ref. PID2020-113992RA-I00MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 | Ref. RYC-2019-027537-IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2021/00

Controllability and accessibility analysis of nonlinear biosystems

Background: We address the problem of determining the controllability and accessibility of nonlinear biosystems. We consider models described by affine-in-inputs ordinary differential equations, which are adequate for a wide array of biological processes. Roughly speaking, the controllability of a dynamical system determines the possibility of steering it from an initial state to any point in its neighbourhood; accessibility is a weaker form of controllability. Methods: While the methodology for analysing the controllability of linear systems is well established, its generalization to the nonlinear case has proven elusive. Thus, a number of related but different properties – including different versions of accessibility, reachability or weak local controllability – have been defined to approach its study, and several partial results exist in lieu of a general test. Here, leveraging the applicable results from differential geometric control theory, we source sufficient conditions to assess nonlinear controllability, as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for accessibility. Results: We develop an algorithmic procedure to evaluate these conditions efficiently, and we provide its open source implementation. Using this software tool, we analyse the accessibility and controllability of a number of models of biomedical interest. While some of them are fully controllable, we find others that are not, as is the case of some models of EGF and NF����B signalling networks. Conclusions: The contributions in this paper facilitate the accessibility and controllability analysis of nonlinear models, not only in biomedicine but also in other areas in which they have been rarely performed to date.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-113992RA-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC-2019-027537-IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2021/00

Santa Mariña de Maside (Ourense) hillfort rock basins: towards a typology of places with ritual functions from the Iron Age in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula

[ES] En este artículo pretendemos detenernos con cierto detalle en las pilas que aparecen en contextos de castros de cara a evaluar su posible función religiosa. Nuestro interés se centrará en el castro de Santa Mariña de Maside (Ourense), donde existen varias rocas con pilas rectangulares y rebajes de distintos tipos. A través de la comparación con otros sitios similares intentaremos acercarnos a una tipología de los lugares con función ritual en la Edad del Hierro.[GL] Neste artigo pretendemos deternos con certo detalle nas pías que aparecen en contextos de castros de cara a avaliar a súa posible función relixiosa. O noso interese centrarase no castro de Santa Mariña de Maside (Ourense), onde existen varias rochas con pías rectangulares e rebaixes de distintos tipos. A través da comparación con outros sitios similares intentaremos achegarnos a una tipoloxía dos lugares con función ritual na Idade do Ferro.[EN] In this article we pretend to review in detail the rock basins that appear in hillfort contexts. Our purpose will be to evaluate their possible religious function. Our interest will be focused on the Santa de Mariña de Masidehillfort (Ourense) where several rocks with rectangular holes and different types of shapes are found. We will try to find a typology on Iron Age places with a religious ritual function throughout the comparison with other similar sites.Peer Reviewe

La partición y el perito partidor según el nuevo código civil y comercial

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad central el análisis de las modificaciones introducidas por el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, en materia sucesoria en lo que respecta a la partición hereditaria que es la etapa del proceso en la cual tiene incumbencia el Contador Público Nacional y el Perito Partidor. Se busca analizar si la modificación mejora aspectos que son controvertidos, si se logra una evolución en ciertas instituciones, si afecta derechos de los herederos, de los legatarios, del cónyuge y de terceros intervinientes, si modifica o mantiene inalterables las porciones legítimas y si promueve a la mediación y/o solución de conflictos.Fil: Funes Giménez, Agustín Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Tornesi Seoane, Juan Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Díaz, Rafael Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas