IMPLAN MODELING APPLICATIONS IN STATE AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Advanced deep space communication systems study Final report

Deep space communication system requirements for period 1970 to 198

Are Happiness and Life Satisfaction Different Across Religious groups? Exploring Determinants of Happiness and Life Satisfaction

This study explores whether different religions experience different levels of happiness and life satisfaction and in case this is affected by country economic and cultural environment. Using World Value Survey (from 1981 to 2014), this study found that individual religiosity and country level of development play a significant role in shaping people’s subjective well-being (SWB). Protestants, Buddhists and Roman Catholic were happier and most satisfied with their lives compared to other religious groups. Orthodox has the lowest SWB. Health status, household’s financial satisfaction and freedom of choice are means by which religious groups and governments across the globe can improve the SWB of their citizens. Keywords: happiness; life satisfaction; religion; religious differences; cultur

Global proteome changes in the rat diaphragm induced by endurance exercise training

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention for many critically ill patients. Unfor- tunately, prolonged MV results in the rapid development of diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness. Importantly, endurance exercise training results in a diaphragmatic phenotype that is protected against ventilator-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness. The mechanisms responsible for this exercise-induced protection against ventilator-induced dia- phragmatic atrophy remain unknown. Therefore, to investigate exercise-induced changes in diaphragm muscle proteins, we compared the diaphragmatic proteome from sedentary and exercise-trained rats. Specifically, using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrome- try, we performed a proteomics analysis of both soluble proteins and mitochondrial proteins isolated from diaphragm muscle. The total number of diaphragm proteins profiled in the sol- uble protein fraction and mitochondrial protein fraction were 813 and 732, respectively. Endurance exercise training significantly (P<0.05, FDR <10%) altered the abundance of 70 proteins in the soluble diaphragm proteome and 25 proteins of the mitochondrial proteome. In particular, key cytoprotective proteins that increased in relative abundance following exer- cise training included mitochondrial fission process 1 (Mtfp1; MTP18), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MPST), microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (Mgst3; GST-III), and heat shock protein 70 kDa protein 1A/1B (HSP70). While these proteins are known to be cytoprotective in several cell types, the cyto-protective roles of these proteins have yet to be fully elucidated in diaphragm muscle fibers. Based upon these important findings, future experiments can now determine which of these diaphragmatic proteins are sufficient and/or required to promote exercise-induced protection against inactivity-induced muscle atrophy

Landscape patterns in stand-replacing disturbances across the world’s forests

The spatial imprint of forest disturbances, which can result from a variety of anthropogenic and natural causes, is important in shaping the form and function of the world’s forests. However, we lack a systematic assessment of how the forms of forest disturbances differ globally, which could help in sustainable forest policy and management initiatives to protect forest biomes. Here we produce a global-scale quantification of disturbance patch structures. Using indicators of magnitude, complexity and context, we found that the forms of stand-replacing disturbances can be classified into four broad patterns, whose spatial dominance varies across regions. Human activities were shown to introduce disturbance structures that are not naturally common, especially in the tropics. The consistency of these patterns across biomes outside intact forests suggests that a continuation of current dynamics may lead to a structural homogenization of the world’s forests, with potential consequences for forest ecology and functions. These results provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing forest dynamics and elucidating the causal agents of disturbances. This will be a key step towards building more reliable projections of future forest conditions, informing policymaking and ensuring the sustainability of forest management.202

Understanding Europe's Forest Harvesting Regimes

European forests are being shaped by active human use and management, and by harvesting of wood in particular. Yet, our understanding of how forests are harvested across Europe is limited, as the real harvest regimes are not well described by currently available data. Here, we analyse recent harvests, as observed in permanent plots of forest inventories in 11 European countries, totaling to 182,649 plots and covering all major forest types. We (a) characterize harvest regimes through the frequency and intensity of harvest events spatially across Europe, and (b) build models for the probability and intensity of harvest events at the plot‐level and examine the links to potential drivers of harvest, including the pre‐harvest forest structure and composition, climatic, topographic and socio‐economic factors, and past natural disturbances. The results revealed notable variation in harvest regimes across Europe, ranging from high‐frequency and low‐intensity harvests in eastern Central Europe to low‐frequency and high‐intensity harvests in the north, with different strategies emerging in regions with similar total harvest rates. The harvest regimes were strongly driven by country‐level variation, emphasizing the role of national‐level factors. Pre‐harvest forest properties were important drivers for the intensity of harvest, whereas the probability of harvest was more related to socio‐economic factors and natural disturbances. The presented quantification of the forest harvesting regimes provides much needed detail in our understanding of the contemporary forest management practices in Europe, providing a baseline against which to assess future changes in management and strengthening the knowledge‐base for decision‐making on European level

The at wavelength metrology facility for UV and XUV reflection and diffraction optics at BESSY II

A technology center for the production of high precision reflection gratings has been established. Within this project a new optics beamline and a versatile reflectometer for at wavelength characterization of UV and XUV reflection gratings and other nano optical elements has been set up at BESSY II. The Plane Grating Monochromator beamline operated in collimated light c PGM is equipped with an SX700 monochromator, of which the blazed gratings 600 and 1200 lines mm 1 have been recently exchanged for new ones of improved performance produced in house. Over the operating range from 10 to 2000 eV this beamline has very high spectral purity achieved by i a four mirror arrangement of different coatings which can be inserted into the beam at different angles and ii by absorber filters for high order suppression. Stray light and scattered radiation is removed efficiently by double sets of in situ exchangeable apertures and slits. By use of in and off plane bending magnet radiation the beamline can be adjusted to either linear or elliptical polarization. One of the main features of a novel 11 axes reflectometer is the possibility to incorporate real life sized gratings. The samples are adjustable within six degrees of freedom by a newly developed UHV tripod system carrying a load up to 4 kg, and the reflectivity can be measured between 0 and 90 deg incidence angle for both s and p polarization geometry. This novel powerful metrology facility has gone into operation recently and is now open for external users. First results on optical performance and measurements on multilayer gratings will be presented her

Autoionization of the Ca 2 p

The decay of the photon-excited $2p^53s^23p^63d4s^2$ core resonances of atomic Ca has been studied by electron spectroscopy and by multiconfiguration calculations of the autoionization rates. Strong correlation effects give rise to complicated line structures that are mostly due to the autoionization of the resonances into the $3p^43d4s^2εl, 3p^43d4p^2εl$, and $3p^43d3εl$ continua. The breakdown of the spectator model, which is caused by the collapse of the 3d orbital, manifests itself in the dramatic differences between the spectra excited via the two resonances split by the spin-orbit and 2p-3d interactions