Application of Organic-Inorganic Hybrids in Chemical Analysis, Bio- and Environmental Monitoring

Organic-inorganic hybrids (OIH) are considered to be a powerful platform for applications in many research and industrial fields. This review highlights the application of OIH for chemical analysis, biosensors, and environmental monitoring. A methodology toward metrological traceability measurement and standardization of OIH and demonstration of the role of mathematical modeling in biosensor design are also presented. The importance of the development of novel types of OIH for biosensing applications is highlighted. Finally, current trends in nanometrology and nanobiosensors are presented

Set Functions and Probability Distributions of a Finite Random Sets

This paper is the investigation of the probability distributions of a finite random set in which the set of random events are considered as a support of the finite random set. These probability distributions can be defined by six equivalent ways (distributions of the I-st — VI-th type). Each of these types of the probability distributions is the set function defined on the corresponding system of events. In this paper the sufficient conditions are formulated and proved. When these conditions are satisfied, then the set function determines the probability distributions of the finite random set of the II-nd and the V-th type. The found conditions supplement the known necessary conditions for the existence of the probability distributions of a finite random set of the II-nd and the V-th type

Исследование дискретных вероятностных распределений случайных множеств событий с помощью ассоциативных функций

In this work the class of discrete probabilistic distributions of the II-nd type of random sets of event is investigated. As the tool for constructing of such probabilistic distributions it is offered to use associative functions. There is stated a new approach to define a discrete probabilistic distribution of the II-nd type of a random set on a finite set of N events on the basis of obtained recurrence relation and a given associative function. Advantage of the offered approach is that for definition of probabilistic distribution instead of a totality of 2N probabilities it is enough to know N probabilities of events and a type of associative function. In this paper an |X|-ary covariance of a random set of events is considered. It is a measure of the additive deviation of the events from the independent situation. The process of recurrent constructing a probabilistic distribution II-nd type is demonstrated by the example of three associative functions. The proof of the legitimacy / illegitimacy the obtained distribution by passing to the probabilistic distribution of the I-st type by formulas of M¨obius is given. Theorems that establish the form and conditions of the legitimacy of the resulting probabilistic distributions are proved. |X|-ary covariances of random sets of events are foundВ статье исследуется класс дискретных вероятностных распределений II-рода случайных мно- жеств событий. В качестве инструмента построения таких распределений предлагается ис- пользовать ассоциативные функции. Излагается новый подход к определению дискретного веро- ятностного распределения II-рода случайного множества на конечном множестве из N событий на основе полученного рекуррентного соотношения и заданной ассоциативной функции. Преиму- щество предлагаемого подхода заключается в том, что для определения вероятностного распре- деления вместо полного набора 2N вероятностей достаточно знать N вероятностей событий и вид ассоциативной функции. Рассмотрена |X|-арная ковариация случайного множества собы- тий как мера аддитивного отклонения событий от независимой ситуации. На примере трех ассоциативных функций продемонстрирован процесс рекуррентного построения вероятностного распределения II-рода и приведено доказательство легитимности / нелегитимности получен- ного распределения с помощью перехода к вероятностному распределению I-рода по формулам М¨ебиуса. Доказаны теоремы, устанавливающие вид и условия легитимности результирующих вероятностных распределений; найдены |X|-арные ковариации случайных множеств событи

Set Functions and Probability Distributions of a Finite Random Sets

This paper is the investigation of the probability distributions of a finite random set in which the set of random events are considered as a support of the finite random set. These probability distributions can be defined by six equivalent ways (distributions of the I-st — VI-th type). Each of these types of the probability distributions is the set function defined on the corresponding system of events. In this paper the sufficient conditions are formulated and proved. When these conditions are satisfied, then the set function determines the probability distributions of the finite random set of the II-nd and the V-th type. The found conditions supplement the known necessary conditions for the existence of the probability distributions of a finite random set of the II-nd and the V-th type

Application of organic-inorganic hybrids in chemical analysis, bio- and environmental monitoring

Organic-inorganic hybrids (OIH) are considered to be a powerful platform for applications in many research and industrial fields. This review highlights the application of OIH for chemical analysis, biosensors, and environmental monitoring. A methodology toward metrological traceability measurement and standardization of OIH and demonstration of the role of mathematical modeling in biosensor design are also presented. The importance of the development of novel types of OIH for biosensing applications is highlighted. Finally, current trends in nanometrology and nanobiosensors are presented

Electrochemical tuning of alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase catalysis via biosensing towards butanol-1 detection in fermentation media

A novel approach for electrochemical tuning of alcohol oxidase (AOx) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) biocatalysis towards butanol-1 oxidation by incorporating enzymes in various designs of amperometric biosensors is presented. The biosensors were developed by using commercial graphene oxide-based screen-printed electrodes and varying enzyme producing strains, encapsulation approaches (layer-by-layer (LbL) or one-step electrodeposition (EcD)), layers composition and structure, operating conditions (applied potential values) and introducing mediators (Meldola Blue and Prussian Blue) or Pd-nanoparticles (Pd-NPs). Simultaneous analysis/screening of multiple crucial system parameters during the enzyme engineering process allowed to identify within a period of one month that four out of twelve proposed designs demonstrated a good signal reproducibility and linear response (up to 14.6 mM of butanol) under very low applied potentials (from -0.02 to -0.32 V). Their mechanical stability was thoroughly investigated by multi-analytical techniques prior to butanol determination in cell-free samples from an anaerobic butanol fermentation. The EcD-based biosensor that incorporates ADH, NAD+, Pd-NPs and Nafion showed no loss of enzyme activity after preparation and demonstrated capabilities towards low potential (-0.12 V) detection of butanol-1 in fermentation medium (4 mM) containing multiple electroactive species with almost 15 times enhanced sensitivity (0.2282 $\mu$A/mM $\pm$ 0.05) when compared to the LbL design. Furthermore, the ADH-Nafion bonding for the S. cerevisiae strain was confirmed to be 3 times higher than for E. coli.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Eventological Scoring in the Theory of Fuzzy Events

The method of binary eventological scoring for the fuzzy event, which interprets of the questionary event is considered. The general formula of the method is formulated and proved. Also the formulas for different internal structures of dependencies of fuzzy base events are presented.Results of the work can be used in systems of decision-making and at research of various social and economic systems.Рассматривается бинарный метод эвентологического скоринга для нечеткого события, которое интерпретирует анкетное событие. Сформулирована и доказана общая формула метода. Пред- ставлены также формулы для различных внутренних структур зависимостей базовых нечетких событий. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в системах принятия решений и при исследовании различных социально-экономических систем

О двух эвристических алгоритмах для задачи календарного планирования инвестиционных проектов с ограниченными ресурсами и NPV-критерием

The resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) with the criterion of max- imizing the net present value (NPV) is considered. We propose two heuristic algorithms for RCPSP based on idempotent algebra methods. To assess the quality of the algorithms, a zero-one integer linear programming model was built for the problem under consideration. This model makes it possible to find exact solutions to the problem using the IBM ILOG CPLEX. Experiments show that the proposed heuristic algorithms demonstrate high performance. In a series of experiments, schedules corresponding to exact solutions were obtained, among other thingsРассматривается задача календарного планирования инвестиционных проектов с ограниченными ресурсами (RCPSP) и критерием максимизации чистой приведенной стоимости (NPV). Мы предлагаем два эвристических алгоритма для RCPSP, основанных на методах идемпотентной алгебры. Для оценки качества работы алгоритмов была построена бинарная модель целочисленного линейного программирования для рассматриваемой задачи. Эта модель позволяет находить точные решения задачи с помощью программного комплекса IBM ILOG CPLEX. Эксперименты показывают, что разработанные нами эвристические алгоритмы демонстрируют высокую результативность. В серии экспериментов были получены в том числе расписания, соответствующие точным решения