Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Taste Reactivity in the Central Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala

Honors (Bachelor's)NeuroscienceUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91889/1/rselmane.pd

Nonword repetition and phonological awareness skills in preschoolers with and without speech sound disorders

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between phonological awareness (PA) skills, types of speech sound errors, and nonword repetition skills. Ten preschoolers with typically developing speech (TD) and ten preschoolers with speech sound disorder (SSD), aged 4;0 (years; months) to 6;6 participated in the study. Eligible participants did not present with neurological, cognitive, or developmental disabilities such as cleft palate or autism spectrum disorder. We calculated the correlation between PA skills and nonword repetition performance of the children. In addition, a regression model was used to evaluate the degree to which phonological awareness skills could be predicted by the types of speech errors produced by the participants (typical speech errors, atypical speech errors, and distortions). Nonword repetition was significantly correlated with performance on the PA test, such that in general, participants who obtained poorer nonword repetition scores were found to have poorer PA skills. With regards to error types and PA skills, atypical errors predicted 12.5% of the variance in PA skills among TD participants. However, in children with SSD atypical errors did not contribute significant and unique variance to PA skills after controlling for age and nonverbal IQ. This data suggests that PA skills cannot be only inferred through the use of other measurements such as the SRT or speech sound errors produced

The Impact of Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis on the Incidence: The Case of Algeria

We present a deterministic model which describes the dynamics of tuberculosis in Algerian population where the vaccination program with BCG is in place since 1969 and where the WHO recommendations regarding the DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) strategy are in application. The impact of an intervention program, targeting recently infected people among all close contacts of active cases and their treatment to prevent endogenous reactivation, on the incidence of tuberculosis, is investigated. We showed that a widespread treatment of latently infected individuals for some years is recommended to shift from higher to lower equilibrium state and thereafter relaxation is recommended

The Impact of Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis on the Incidence: The Case of Algeria

We present a deterministic model which describes the dynamics of tuberculosis in Algerian population where the vaccination program with BCG is in place since 1969 and where the WHO recommendations regarding the DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) strategy are in application. The impact of an intervention program, targeting recently infected people among all close contacts of active cases and their treatment to prevent endogenous reactivation, on the incidence of tuberculosis, is investigated. We showed that a widespread treatment of latently infected individuals for some years is recommended to shift from higher to lower equilibrium state and thereafter relaxation is recommended

Étude de la contamination des carcasses de poulets de chair par Salmonella aux différentes étapes du procédé d’abattage et dans l’environnement de deux abattoirs au Québec

Salmonella est l'un des agents pathogènes les plus souvent associés aux maladies d'origine alimentaire dans le monde. Les produits animaux, notamment la viande de volaille, sont considérés comme les principales sources de contamination. Chaque étape de la chaîne de production peut avoir un impact sur la prévalence de Salmonella dans les produits d’origine avicole, et ce, de la ferme à la table. De nombreuses stratégies de contrôle ont été mises au point pour réduire la contamination des carcasses de volailles par Salmonella, mais jusqu'à présent, il ne semble qu’aucune n’ait permis d'éradiquer la bactérie dans la viande de volaille issue des usines d’abattage. De plus, on possède peu de connaissances en ce qui concerne la distribution, la prévalence et les sources de contamination du produit de viande de volailles par ce pathogène dans les établissements d’abattage de poulets à griller au Canada. L’objectif de ce projet était de générer des nouvelles connaissances quant à la prévalence et la distribution de Salmonella sur les carcasses de poulets de chair et dans l’environnement de deux abattoirs de volailles au Québec. Aussi, nous voulions déterminer, à l'aide d'une caractérisation moléculaire des isolats de Salmonella récupérés dans les deux usines, les sources principales de contamination des carcasses de volailles. Huit visites ont été réalisées dans chaque abattoir au cours des 6 mois de la phase terrain du projet. Un total de 379 rinçages de carcasses ont été récupérés dans ces deux abattoirs à travers 5 grandes étapes critiques du procédé d’abattage. Des lingettes servant à l’échantillonnage de l’environnement des abattoirs ont été également utilisées pour échantillonner sept sites critiques des lieux d’abattage. Une moyenne de 42.3% des carcasses échantillonnées étaient contaminées par Salmonella. L'étape de la saignée était significativement l'étape la plus contaminée comparativement aux autres étapes critiques, avec une diminution progressive de la iii contamination au fil du processus d'abattage. De plus, la plumeuse et l’éviscérateur étaient les sites d’échantillonnage critiques les plus contaminés pour l’environnement des abattoirs suivis. Les sérotypes les plus isolés, autant à partir des carcasses que de l’environnement, et ce, pour les deux abattoirs, étaient S. Heidelberg, S. Kentucky et S. Schwarzengrund. Notre étude suggère que les oiseaux arrivant à l’établissement, par leurs statuts positifs, ainsi que l'environnement de l'usine d'abattage représentent les principales sources de contamination des carcasses à l’étape du refroidissement. Aussi, les résultats obtenus par l'analyse des courbes de fusion à haute résolution (HRM) ont montré que si un lot qui entre à l’abattoir est contaminé par le profil HRM S. Heidelberg 1-1-1, la probabilité que les carcasses après le refroidissement seront contaminées par le même profil est significativement supérieure. Finalement, le statut des carcasses d’un lot contaminé est significativement associé au statut positif du lot précédent contaminé par ce même profil HRM.Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens associated with human foodborne illnesses worldwide. Animal products, especially poultry meat, are considered the main source of contamination. Each stage of the production chain can have an impact on the prevalence of Salmonella in poultry products, from the farm to the table. Several control strategies have been developed to control the contamination of poultry carcasses by Salmonella along the food production chain in order to improve the microbial quality of the final product, but so far, none of them allowed for the complete eradication of the bacteria in poultry meat at slaughter plants. In addition, there is limited knowledge on the distribution, prevalence and sources of contamination of the poultry meat product by this pathogen in Canadian broiler slaughtering establishments. The objective of this study was to generate new knowledge on the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella on broiler chicken carcasses and in the environment of two poultry slaughterhouses in Quebec. Also, we aimed to find, using molecular characterization techniques on the Salmonella isolates recovered from the two plants, the main sources of contamination of poultry carcasses. Eight visits were conducted in each slaughterhouse during the 6 months sampling period. A total of 379 carcass rinsates were collected in two poultry slaughterhouses at 5 critical steps. Samples were also recovered from seven critical sites of the process of the slaughterhouse environment. overall, 42.3% of carcasses sampled were contaminated with Salmonella. The bleeding step was significantly the most contaminated step, with a gradual decrease of the contamination along the slaughtering process. Furthermore, the defeathering device and the evisceration machine were the most contaminated critical sampling sites of the environmental samples analyzed. v The most frequently isolated serotypes, both from carcasses and environmental surfaces, for both slaughterhouses, were S. Heidelberg, S. Kentucky and S. Schwarzengrund. Our study suggests that birds arriving to the establishment, with their positive status as well as the environment of the slaughter plant represent the main sources of carcass contamination. Also, the results obtained by the high resolution melting (HRM) analysis showed that when a flock at the arrival to the slaughter plant is contaminated by the HRM S. Heidelberg 1-1-1 profile, the probability that carcasses sampled after chilling will be contaminated by the same profile is significantly higher. Finally, the carcass status of a contaminated flock is also significantly associated with the positive status of the previous flock contaminated by this same HRM profile

Analyse par une méthode hybride d'éléments finis des coques cylindriques non-uniformes, anisotropes et contenant un liquide en écoulement

Dynamic analysis of anisotropic open cylindrical shells -- Vibration analysis of anisotropic open cylindrical shells containing flowing fluid -- Influence of geometric non-linearities on the free vibrations of orthotropic open cylindrical shells -- Non linear dynamic analysis of orthotropic open cylindrical shells subjected to a flowing fluid

LiCo1−yMyO2 positive electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries: II. Nickel substituted materials grown by the citrate method

[Abstract] The layered LiCo1−yNiyO2 microcrystalline powders were synthesized by a sol–gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent in the range 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 0.8. Submicron-sized particles of the precursor were obtained at temperature below 400 °C and microcrystalline powders were grown by thermal treatment at 700 °C for 5 h in air. The carboxylic-based acid functioned such as a fuel, decomposed the homogeneous precipitate of metal complexes at low temperature, and yielded the free impurity LiCo1−yNiyO2 single-phases suitable for electrochemical applications. The synthesized products were characterized by structural, spectroscopic and thermal analyses. FT-IR measurements provide information on the growth process and the final local environment in the cationic sublattice of LiCo1−yNiyO2 solid solution. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized products in rechargeable Li cells was evaluated using non-aqueous solution 1 M LiPF6 in EC-DMC as electrolyte. The electrochemical features of a series of LiCo1−yNiyO2 compounds (0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0) are discussed in relation with their synthesis procedure and substitutive amount. The substitution of Ni3+ for Co3+ in LiCo1−yNiyO2 for y = 0.75 shows improvement of the specific capacity at ca. 187 mAh/g upon 32 cycles