Indigenous youth and international conservation law : Five case studies

The principle of intergenerational equity plays a fundamental role in international conservation law. In this article, we analyse in how far the principle is applied with regard to indigenous youth. By scrutinizing the Whaling Convention, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species and the Convention on Biological Diversity, we analyse the extent to which key regimes in international conservation law have internalized the principle in relation to a stakeholder group that is not overly prominent. We conclude that there are fundamental differences between the regimes in question. Although the Ramsar Convention and the Biodiversity Convention have either included the principle from the outset or responded to a changing environmental discourse, the others show significant shortcomings in this regard. Therefore, it is important that institutions develop mechanisms to effectively address intergenerational equity, especially with regard to indigenous youth.Peer reviewe

Quotas, Cultures, and Tensions. Recent Schedule Amendments for Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

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CITES CoP18 — Towards New Attempts to List Polar Bears on Appendix I?

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De phlegmatia dolente : dissertatio inauguralis medica

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1917479~S1*es

Legislating the blind spot : the EU seal regime and the Newfoundland seal hunt

In September 2009 the European Union adopted Regulation 1007/2009 on trade in seal products (Basic Regulation) due to concerns over the welfare of seals in the non-indigenous commercial seal hunts, particularly in Canada. Throughout the policy-making process these moral concerns were a crucial element of the political will to bar seal products from the EU market. Also research carried out as part of the preparatory works leading to the Basic Regulation appeared to support the claim that the seal hunt, unless conducted by indigenous communities, is cruel and unnecessary, calling for a legislative response in the European Union. This dissertation screens the legislative process of the EU seal regime and considers in how far problem identification, goal setting and goal attainment are streamlined. Throughout this thesis it becomes obvious that also the claim of a European ‘moral concern’ is ambiguous although the Union successfully defended the regime under the ‘moral exception’ clause in international trade law. Even though animal welfare in general can be regarded as a Community value, the EU seal regime cannot be linked to other EU animal welfare laws as the regime does not have an impact on animal welfare in the seal hunts. Instead, the dissertation shows that, although the seal regime appears to be based on ‘objective’ scientific knowledge, it is based on an inherently biased approach towards the non-indigenous seal hunts. Indicative for the neglect of remote coastal communities in which the seal hunt is carried out is the lack of recognition of its socio-economic and cultural value for the people involved in it. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a seal hunting community and in the processing industry this dissertation shows how closely interlinked the seal hunt at sea is with the social fabric on land. Indeed, a lack of knowledge on conditions in the sealing industry existed prior to the seal regime’s adoption although its impacts were expected to be drastic. In spite of this gap in knowledge the regime was adopted

The Reflection of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in the Barents Environmental Cooperation

The Barents Euro-Arctic Region (BEAR) which was founded in 1993 is a dual-layered forum of cooperation between governments and regions in the Barents Region. It is based on the legally non-binding Kirkenes Declaration, whose overarching aim is to promote sustainable development in the region. To this end, the protection of the environment is to be included in all its activities. This article analyzes the inclusion of the concept of sustainable development in the cooperative structure of the BEAR based on the 1992 Rio Declaration and Agenda 21. Several selected Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA) are analyzed against the background of their reflection in the BEAR working procedures. In the case of some MEAs, different statuses of ratification in Russia and the Nordic Barents states aggravate their implementation in the BEAR context. Notwithstanding, the forum has developed different strategies which enable their successful application for the Barents Region.Keywords: Barents Euro-Arctic Region; Barents Environmental cooperation; Multilateral Environmental Agreements; Soft-law cooperation; Sustainable Development; Russian non-ratification.Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 3, 2/2012 pp. 218–243. ISSN 1891-625

Ueber Resectionen des Oberkiefers, ausgeführt von J. F. Heyfelder

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2523060~S1*es