ENHANCED APOPTOSIS IN MCF-7 HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS BY BIOGENIC GOLD NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM ARGEMONE MEXICANA LEAF EXTRACT

Objective: To assess the in vitro anticancer activity of A. mexicana mediated gold nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: The present study reveals the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Argemone mexicana L. by biological method. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM analyses revealed that green synthesized gold nanoparticles were 26 ± 5 nm in size and spherical in shape. MCF- 7 Breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of green synthesised gold nanoparticles at different time intervals. Cytotoxicity activity and the mechanism of apoptosis were determined by morphological and chromatin cleavage assays. Results: Green synthesised gold nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells at concentration of 100 μg/mL. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that Argemone mediated gold nanoparticles may be an alternative chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of breast cancer

Vertical distribution of traffic-generated PM2.5 and NO2 in a tropical urban environment

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

A quasi‐cache‐aware model for optimal domain partitioning in parallel geometric multigrid

Stencil computations form the heart of numerical simulations to solve Partial Differential Equations using Finite Difference, Finite Element, and Finite Volume methods. Geometric Multigrid is an optimal O(N), hierarchical tool employing stencil computations in its chief constituents, namely, smoothing, restriction, and interpolation. When Multigrid is parallelized over distributed‐shared memory architectures, traditionally, the domain partitioning creates cubic partitions of the mesh to minimize overall communication. Thus, the orthodox approach considers only load‐balancing and communication minimization for completely determining the domain partitioning. In this article, we show that these two factors are not sufficient to obtain optimal partitions for Parallel Geometric Multigrid. To this effect, we develop and validate a high level analytical model to show that “close to 2‐D” partitions for Geometric Multigrid can give higher performance than the partitions returned by the MPI_Dims_create() function which minimizes the communication volume by default. We quantify sub‐domain level cache‐misses in Parallel Geometric Multigrid and obtain families of optimal domain partitions. We conclude that the sub‐domain level cache‐misses for the application‐specific stencil computational kernel and communicated planes should be taken into account in addition to communication minimization/load‐balance to obtain optimal partitions for Parallel Geometric Multigrid

Cache-Efficient Multigrid Algorithms (Extended Abstract)

) Sriram Sellappa # Siddhartha Chatterjee # 1 Introduction The growing speed gap between processor and memory has led to the development of memory hierarchies and to the widespread use of caches in modern processors. However, caches by themselves are not a panacea. Their success at reducing the average memory access time observed by a program depends on statistical properties of its dynamic memory access sequence. These properties generally go under the name of "locality of reference" and can by no means be assumed to exist in all codes. Compiler optimizations such as iteration space tiling [17, 18] and data shackling [9] attempt to improve the locality of the memory reference stream by altering the schedule of program operations while preserving the dependences in the original program. While the theory of such loop transformations is well-developed, the choice of parameters remains a difficult optimization problem. A major reason for this difficulty is that different components ..

Photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes and real textile composite wastewater using TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite under UVA and UVA-LED irradiation. A comparative study

Nano TiO2 and TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite synthesized by the sol-gel method were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, EDAX and FTIR techniques. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic decolorisation and degradation of three different reactive dyes such as Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), Reactive Yellow 145 (RY 145) and Reactive Red 195 (RR 195) and real textile composite wastewater under the UVA and UVA-LED irradiation at room temperature. The maximum color removal of 96% and COD removal of 72% were achieved after 5 h in the presence of TiO2/MWCNT and H2O2 under UVA-LED irradiation. The kinetic studies obey pseudo-first order kinetics which is discussed in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The maximum degradation of 50% was achieved after 5 h in the presence of H2O2 using TiO2/MWCNT/UVA-LED for real textile composite wastewater. This study revealed that TiO2/MWCNT has improved the photocatalytic activity when compared to that of bare TiO2 under similar conditions. UVA-LED could be an alternative light source for the replacement of the conventional UV light for the photocatalytic treatment of reactive dyes

Design of UVA-LED concentric glass tube microreactor and evaluation of photocatalysis with simultaneous adsorption and hydrodynamic cavitation for fluorescent dye degradation

A slurry UVA-LED concentric glass tube reactor (CGTR) with micro-depthof 2 mm was designed for plug flow behaviour (length/effective diameter = 150). The reactor design considered uniform radial concentration and hydrodynamic cavitation. The 100% Acridine Orange dye (3.77×10-5 M) was removed within 35 min at the graphene oxide dose of 0.3 g/dm3 and initial pH 11. It was observed that hydrodynamic cavitation shortened the reaction time and enhanced the apparent reaction rate constant from 0.022 to 0.109 min-1. Further, the degradation pathway showed that decolourized dye solution consisted of ethylenedione (34%), indicating the oxidative reaction occurred

Mixture of betel leaf, areca nut and tobacco chewing is a risk factor for cytogenetic damage in construction workers from south India

Aim: To determine the cytogenetic effect of betel leaf, areca nut and tobacco mixture usage among female construction workers in Tamilnadu, Southern India. Methods: Totally 236 buccal cells and blood samples were collected from 80 betel quid users and 76 users with tobacco snuffing habit which were compared with 80 healthy subjects. Peripheral blood leukocyte cultures were analyzed for chromosomal aberrations (CA) and exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa were examined for micronucleus (MN). Results: Statistically significant (p<0.01) increase in CA and MN were observed in users with snuffing habit when compared to users without snuffing habit and controls as confirmed by chi-square test. Therefore, specific biomarkers on cytogenetic endpoints might help in planning precautionary measures to reduce oral cancer risks. Conclusions: The present study can be concluded that a mixture of betel quid, areca nut and tobacco chewing/snuffing is unsafe for oral health. The genotoxic effect of smokeless tobacco should be considered in addition to other known hazards for assessing health risks