Auto-estima, auto-eficácia percebida, consumo de tabaco e álcool entre estudantes do ensino fundamental, das áreas urbana e rural, de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México

This study aimed to know the differences, if any, in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents from urban and rural areas, and if self-esteem and self-efficacy are related to the consumption in these two groups of adolescents from secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Nuevo León México, from January to June in 2006. The study was based on the theoretical concepts of self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The design was descriptive and correlational with a sample of 359 students. A substantial difference was found in the consumption of tobacco among secondary students from urban and rural areas (U= 7513.50, p = .03). The average consumption in urban area was higher (average chi = .35) than in the rural area (average chi = .14). A negative and significant relation was found between the quantity of drinks consumed on a typical day and self-esteem (r s = - .23, pEl propósito del estudio fue conocer si existen diferencias en el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes del área urbana y rural y si la autoestima y la autoeficacia se relacionan con el consumo en estos dos grupos de adolescentes que estudian en la educación secundaria en el área urbana y rural de Nuevo León México, entre enero y junio de 2006. El estudio se realizó bajo los conceptos teóricos de autoestima, autoeficacia percibida y consumo de alcohol y tabaco. El diseño fue descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue de 359 estudiantes. Se encontró diferencia significativa de consumo de tabaco en estudiantes de secundaria urbana y rural (U= 7513.50, p=.03) siendo más alta la media de consumo en área urbana (media ji =.35) que en la rural (media ji =.14). Se encontró relación negativa y significativa de cantidad de bebidas consumidas en un día típico y la autoestima (r s=-.23, pO propósito deste estudo foi verificar diferenças no consumo de tabaco e álcool entre adolescentes das áreas urbana e rural, e se a auto-estima e auto-eficácia se relacionam com o consumo nestes dois grupos de adolescentes do ensino fundamental nas áreas urbana e rural de Nuevo León México, entre janeiro e junho de 2006. Este estudo, descritivo e correlacional, se baseou nos conceitos teóricos de auto-estima, auto-eficácia percebida e consumo de álcool e tabaco. A mostra foi de 359 estudantes. Encontrou-se diferença significativa de consumo de tabaco entre estudantes do ensino fundamental, áreas urbana e rural, (U= 7513.50, p=.03) sendo mais alta a média de consumo em área urbana (média chi =.35) que na rural (média chi =.14). Encontrou-se relação, negativa e significativa, entre quantidade de bebidas consumidas num dia típico e a auto-estima (r s=-.23,

Efecto de una intervención para prevenir el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes de escuelas secundarias de Monterrey, México

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational prevention program of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of 134 students as experimental group and 104 students as control group. The hypotheses were: If after the intervention:H1 the self-esteem will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H2 the self-efficacy will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H3 the tobaco and alcohol consumption will be lesser in the experimental group than the control group.MethodologyQuasi experimental design, the study was realized in series of time, with measurments before and after the program. The program was in teenagers who were first year at public junior high school (2 groups) and a private junior high school (2 groups). The schools were selected of random form. The sampling was not probabilistic, because the intervention was applied in all students of the first years of selected junior high schools. Twelve sessions were carried-out, measurements of variables results before and after the intervention were realized. At the end of intervention the proportion of tabacco and alcohol consumption was lessen in experimental groups. The self-esteem and self-efficacy index showed differences of significant measurements between experimental and control group where the experimental group presented higher means and averages.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa de prevención de conusmo de tabaco y alcohol en una muestra de 134 estudiantes como grupo experimental y 104 estudiantes como grupo de control. Las hipótesis de investigación fueron: Si después de la intervención, H1 La autoestima será mayor en el grupo experimental que en el grupo de control, H2 La autoeficacia será mayor en el grupo experimental que en el grupo de control, H3 El consumo de tabaco y alcohol será menor en el grupo experimental que el grupo de control. Metodología: Diseño casi experimental, la intervención se realizó en series de tiempo, con mediciones antes y después de la intervención. La intervención se llevó a cabo en adolescentes que cursan el primer año de educación media de una secundaria pública (2 grupos) y una secundaria privada (2 grupos). Las escuelas fueron seleccionadas de forma aleatoria. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, ya que la intervención se aplicó en todos los estudiantes de primer grado de los grupos de las secundarias seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Se llevaron a cabo doce sesiones. Al final de la intervención, la población del consumo de tabaco y alcohol fue menor en los grupos experimentales, el índice de autoestima y autoeficacia presentó diferencia de medidas significativa entre el grupo experimental y el de control, donde el grupo experimental presentó medias y medianas más altas de autoestima y autoeficacia que el grupo de control. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational prevention program of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of 134 students as experimental group and 104 students as control group. The hypotheses were: If after the intervention:H1 the self-esteem will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H2 the self-efficacy will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H3 the tobaco and alcohol consumption will be lesser in the experimental group than the control group.MethodologyQuasi experimental design, the study was realized in series of time, with measurments before and after the program. The program was in teenagers who were first year at public junior high school (2 groups) and a private junior high school (2 groups). The schools were selected of random form. The sampling was not probabilistic, because the intervention was applied in all students of the first years of selected junior high schools. Twelve sessions were carried-out, measurements of variables results before and after the intervention were realized. At the end of intervention the proportion of tabacco and alcohol consumption was lessen in experimental groups. The self-esteem and self-efficacy index showed differences of significant measurements between experimental and control group where the experimental group presented higher means and averages

Violência contra a mulher e sua relação com o consumo de drogas na área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México

So a descriptive, quantitative study was realized with the main objective of knowing the relationship between physical, psychological and sexual violence and drug consumption in women. Also it is described the self-esteem, depression and drug consumption effect over the violence. The study was conducted on February and March 2008 in 272 women from two communities of medium-low stratum, residents of Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México. The main results sowed that the women presented a higher prevalence of psychological violence (32%) it was found relationship between psychological violence (Rs=0.194, p<0.01) and physical (Rs=0.260, p<0.01) with the illicit drugs consumption. In regard to physical and sexual violence (Rs=0.172, p<0.05, Rs=0.311, p<0.01) it was found a relationship with medical drugs consumption, also the alcohol consumption, also the alcohol consumption (TWEK) was related to physical violence (Rs=0.213, p=0.022). The results of the study reflect the need to study in depth about physical and psychological violence with drug consumption, also it is important to study intervention focused to multiprofessional prevention to reduce violence against women and drug use.Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo y correlacional, cuyo principal objetivo fue conocer la relación entre las violencias física, psicológica y sexual y el consumo de drogas en la mujer. Además, describe el efecto de la autoestima, la depresión y el consumo de drogas en la violencia. El estudio se realizó entre febrero y marzo del 2008, en 272 mujeres de dos comunidades de estrato medio bajo que residen en el área de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.Los principales resultados muestran que las mujeres presentaron una mayor prevalencia de violencia psicológica (32%). Se encontró un nexo entre las violencias psicológica (rs=0,194, p<0,01) y la física (rs=0,260, p<0,01) con el consumo de drogas ilícitas. En cuanto a las violencias física y sexual (rs=0,172, p<0,05; rs=0,311, p<0,01) se encontró una relación con el consumo de drogas médicas; así mismo, el consumo de alcohol (TWEAK) se relacionó con la violencia física (rs=0,213, p=0,022).Los resultados del estudio reflejan la necesidad de profundizar en las violencias física y psicológica y el consumo de drogas; así mismo es importante llevar a cabo estudios de intervención enfocados en la prevención multiprofesional, para reducir tanto la violencia contra la mujer como el uso de drogas. ABSTRACTSo a descriptive, quantitative study was realized with the main objective of knowing the relationship between physical, psychological and sexual violence and drug consumption in women. Also it is described the self-esteem, depression and drug consumption effect over the violence. The study was conducted on February and March 2008 in 272 women from two communities of medium-low stratum, residents of Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México. The main results sowed that the women presented a higher prevalence of psychological violence (32%) it was found relationship between psychological violence (Rs=0.194, p<0.01) and physical (Rs=0.260, p<0.01) with the illicit drugs consumption. In regard to physical and sexual violence (Rs=0.172, p<0.05,  Rs=0.311, p<0.01) it was found a relationship with medical drugs consumption, also the alcohol consumption, also the alcohol consumption (TWEK) was related to physical violence (Rs=0.213, p=0.022). The results of the study reflect the need to study in depth about physical and psychological violence with drug consumption, also it is important to study intervention focused to multiprofessional prevention to reduce violence against women and drug use.Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo quantitativo descritivo e correlacional, cujo principal objetivo foi conhecer a relação entre a violência física, psicológica e sexual e o consumo de drogas na mulher. Além disso, descreve o efeito da auto-estima, a depressão e o consumo de drogas na violência. O estudo realizou-se entre fevereiro e março de 2008, em 272 mulheres de duas comunidades de classe médio baixa que moram na área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Os principais resultados mostram que as mulheres apresentaram uma maior prevalência de violência psicológica (32%). Encontrou-se um nexo entre a violência psicológica (rs=0,194, p<0,01) e a física (rs=0,260, p<0,01) com o consumo de drogas ilícitas. Quanto a violência física e sexual (rs=0,172, p<0,05; rs=0,311, p<0,01) encontrou-se uma relação com o consumo de drogas médicas; da mesma forma, o consumo de álcool (TWEAK) relacionou-se com a violência física (rs=0,213, p=0,022). Os resultados do estudo refletem a necessidade de aprofundar na violência física e psicológica e o consumo de drogas; da mesma forma, é importante realizar estudos de intervenção enfocados na prevenção multiprofissional, para reduzir tanto a violência contra a mulher como o uso de drogas

Efecto de una intervención para prevenir el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes de escuelas secundarias de Monterrey, México

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational prevention program of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of 134 students as experimental group and 104 students as control group. The hypotheses were: If after the intervention:H1 the self-esteem will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H2 the self-efficacy will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H3 the tobaco and alcohol consumption will be lesser in the experimental group than the control group.MethodologyQuasi experimental design, the study was realized in series of time, with measurments before and after the program. The program was in teenagers who were first year at public junior high school (2 groups) and a private junior high school (2 groups). The schools were selected of random form. The sampling was not probabilistic, because the intervention was applied in all students of the first years of selected junior high schools. Twelve sessions were carried-out, measurements of variables results before and after the intervention were realized. At the end of intervention the proportion of tabacco and alcohol consumption was lessen in experimental groups. The self-esteem and self-efficacy index showed differences of significant measurements between experimental and control group where the experimental group presented higher means and averages.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa de prevención de conusmo de tabaco y alcohol en una muestra de 134 estudiantes como grupo experimental y 104 estudiantes como grupo de control. Las hipótesis de investigación fueron: Si después de la intervención, H1 La autoestima será mayor en el grupo experimental que en el grupo de control, H2 La autoeficacia será mayor en el grupo experimental que en el grupo de control, H3 El consumo de tabaco y alcohol será menor en el grupo experimental que el grupo de control. Metodología: Diseño casi experimental, la intervención se realizó en series de tiempo, con mediciones antes y después de la intervención. La intervención se llevó a cabo en adolescentes que cursan el primer año de educación media de una secundaria pública (2 grupos) y una secundaria privada (2 grupos). Las escuelas fueron seleccionadas de forma aleatoria. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, ya que la intervención se aplicó en todos los estudiantes de primer grado de los grupos de las secundarias seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Se llevaron a cabo doce sesiones. Al final de la intervención, la población del consumo de tabaco y alcohol fue menor en los grupos experimentales, el índice de autoestima y autoeficacia presentó diferencia de medidas significativa entre el grupo experimental y el de control, donde el grupo experimental presentó medias y medianas más altas de autoestima y autoeficacia que el grupo de control. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational prevention program of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of 134 students as experimental group and 104 students as control group. The hypotheses were: If after the intervention:H1 the self-esteem will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H2 the self-efficacy will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H3 the tobaco and alcohol consumption will be lesser in the experimental group than the control group.MethodologyQuasi experimental design, the study was realized in series of time, with measurments before and after the program. The program was in teenagers who were first year at public junior high school (2 groups) and a private junior high school (2 groups). The schools were selected of random form. The sampling was not probabilistic, because the intervention was applied in all students of the first years of selected junior high schools. Twelve sessions were carried-out, measurements of variables results before and after the intervention were realized. At the end of intervention the proportion of tabacco and alcohol consumption was lessen in experimental groups. The self-esteem and self-efficacy index showed differences of significant measurements between experimental and control group where the experimental group presented higher means and averages

Violência contra a mulher e sua relação com o consumo de drogas na área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México

So a descriptive, quantitative study was realized with the main objective of knowing the relationship between physical, psychological and sexual violence and drug consumption in women. Also it is described the self-esteem, depression and drug consumption effect over the violence. The study was conducted on February and March 2008 in 272 women from two communities of medium-low stratum, residents of Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México. The main results sowed that the women presented a higher prevalence of psychological violence (32%) it was found relationship between psychological violence (Rs=0.194, p<0.01) and physical (Rs=0.260, p<0.01) with the illicit drugs consumption. In regard to physical and sexual violence (Rs=0.172, p<0.05, Rs=0.311, p<0.01) it was found a relationship with medical drugs consumption, also the alcohol consumption, also the alcohol consumption (TWEK) was related to physical violence (Rs=0.213, p=0.022). The results of the study reflect the need to study in depth about physical and psychological violence with drug consumption, also it is important to study intervention focused to multiprofessional prevention to reduce violence against women and drug use.Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo y correlacional, cuyo principal objetivo fue conocer la relación entre las violencias física, psicológica y sexual y el consumo de drogas en la mujer. Además, describe el efecto de la autoestima, la depresión y el consumo de drogas en la violencia. El estudio se realizó entre febrero y marzo del 2008, en 272 mujeres de dos comunidades de estrato medio bajo que residen en el área de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.Los principales resultados muestran que las mujeres presentaron una mayor prevalencia de violencia psicológica (32%). Se encontró un nexo entre las violencias psicológica (rs=0,194, p<0,01) y la física (rs=0,260, p<0,01) con el consumo de drogas ilícitas. En cuanto a las violencias física y sexual (rs=0,172, p<0,05; rs=0,311, p<0,01) se encontró una relación con el consumo de drogas médicas; así mismo, el consumo de alcohol (TWEAK) se relacionó con la violencia física (rs=0,213, p=0,022).Los resultados del estudio reflejan la necesidad de profundizar en las violencias física y psicológica y el consumo de drogas; así mismo es importante llevar a cabo estudios de intervención enfocados en la prevención multiprofesional, para reducir tanto la violencia contra la mujer como el uso de drogas. ABSTRACTSo a descriptive, quantitative study was realized with the main objective of knowing the relationship between physical, psychological and sexual violence and drug consumption in women. Also it is described the self-esteem, depression and drug consumption effect over the violence. The study was conducted on February and March 2008 in 272 women from two communities of medium-low stratum, residents of Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México. The main results sowed that the women presented a higher prevalence of psychological violence (32%) it was found relationship between psychological violence (Rs=0.194, p<0.01) and physical (Rs=0.260, p<0.01) with the illicit drugs consumption. In regard to physical and sexual violence (Rs=0.172, p<0.05,  Rs=0.311, p<0.01) it was found a relationship with medical drugs consumption, also the alcohol consumption, also the alcohol consumption (TWEK) was related to physical violence (Rs=0.213, p=0.022). The results of the study reflect the need to study in depth about physical and psychological violence with drug consumption, also it is important to study intervention focused to multiprofessional prevention to reduce violence against women and drug use.Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo quantitativo descritivo e correlacional, cujo principal objetivo foi conhecer a relação entre a violência física, psicológica e sexual e o consumo de drogas na mulher. Além disso, descreve o efeito da auto-estima, a depressão e o consumo de drogas na violência. O estudo realizou-se entre fevereiro e março de 2008, em 272 mulheres de duas comunidades de classe médio baixa que moram na área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Os principais resultados mostram que as mulheres apresentaram uma maior prevalência de violência psicológica (32%). Encontrou-se um nexo entre a violência psicológica (rs=0,194, p<0,01) e a física (rs=0,260, p<0,01) com o consumo de drogas ilícitas. Quanto a violência física e sexual (rs=0,172, p<0,05; rs=0,311, p<0,01) encontrou-se uma relação com o consumo de drogas médicas; da mesma forma, o consumo de álcool (TWEAK) relacionou-se com a violência física (rs=0,213, p=0,022). Os resultados do estudo refletem a necessidade de aprofundar na violência física e psicológica e o consumo de drogas; da mesma forma, é importante realizar estudos de intervenção enfocados na prevenção multiprofissional, para reduzir tanto a violência contra a mulher como o uso de drogas

Self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy, consumption of tobacco and alcohol in secondary students from urban and rural areas of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México Autoestima, autoeficacia percibida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes de educación secundaria de área urbana y rural de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México Auto-estima, auto-eficácia percebida, consumo de tabaco e álcool entre estudantes do ensino fundamental, das áreas urbana e rural, de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México

This study aimed to know the differences, if any, in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents from urban and rural areas, and if self-esteem and self-efficacy are related to the consumption in these two groups of adolescents from secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Nuevo León México, from January to June in 2006. The study was based on the theoretical concepts of self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The design was descriptive and correlational with a sample of 359 students. A substantial difference was found in the consumption of tobacco among secondary students from urban and rural areas (U= 7513.50, p = .03). The average consumption in urban area was higher (average chi = .35) than in the rural area (average chi = .14). A negative and significant relation was found between the quantity of drinks consumed on a typical day and self-esteem (r s = - .23, p <.001), as well as for the quantity of cigarettes consumed on a typical day (r s = - .20, p <.001).<br>El propósito del estudio fue conocer si existen diferencias en el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes del área urbana y rural y si la autoestima y la autoeficacia se relacionan con el consumo en estos dos grupos de adolescentes que estudian en la educación secundaria en el área urbana y rural de Nuevo León México, entre enero y junio de 2006. El estudio se realizó bajo los conceptos teóricos de autoestima, autoeficacia percibida y consumo de alcohol y tabaco. El diseño fue descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue de 359 estudiantes. Se encontró diferencia significativa de consumo de tabaco en estudiantes de secundaria urbana y rural (U= 7513.50, p=.03) siendo más alta la media de consumo en área urbana (media ji =.35) que en la rural (media ji =.14). Se encontró relación negativa y significativa de cantidad de bebidas consumidas en un día típico y la autoestima (r s=-.23, p<.001), así mismo de la cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos en un día típico (r s=-.20, p< .001).<br>O propósito deste estudo foi verificar diferenças no consumo de tabaco e álcool entre adolescentes das áreas urbana e rural, e se a auto-estima e auto-eficácia se relacionam com o consumo nestes dois grupos de adolescentes do ensino fundamental nas áreas urbana e rural de Nuevo León México, entre janeiro e junho de 2006. Este estudo, descritivo e correlacional, se baseou nos conceitos teóricos de auto-estima, auto-eficácia percebida e consumo de álcool e tabaco. A mostra foi de 359 estudantes. Encontrou-se diferença significativa de consumo de tabaco entre estudantes do ensino fundamental, áreas urbana e rural, (U= 7513.50, p=.03) sendo mais alta a média de consumo em área urbana (média chi =.35) que na rural (média chi =.14). Encontrou-se relação, negativa e significativa, entre quantidade de bebidas consumidas num dia típico e a auto-estima (r s=-.23, p<.001), assim como da quantidade de cigarros consumidos num dia típico (r s=-.20, p< .001)

Histopathological and biochemical changes in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high sucrose diet at different times

The high intake of sweetened-drinks is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. These pathologies are directly related to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), considered a condition of metabolic syndrome (MS). Due to their increasing worldwide prevalence, experimental animal models have been developed to gain a better understanding of its physiopathology; notwithstanding few studies have evaluated its progression in association with MS and ingestion of sweetened-drinks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiologic characteristics of NAFLD related to sucrose concentration and time of ingestion in rats. Wistar rats were divided into two groups with free access to either tap water or 30% sucrose, and euthanized at 12, 16 or 20 weeks; and other two groups with free access to 40% or 50% sucrose and were euthanized at 20 weeks. Biochemical parameters, serum cytokines and histology were performed. Ingestion of 30% sucrose induced liver steatosis until 16 weeks (grade 2), and 20 weeks (grade 3). While during 20 weeks, 40% sucrose induced grade 5 of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), finally 50% sucrose induced grade 6 of NASH and fibrosis. Demonstrating that the more time of induction and concentration of sucrose ingestion, the higher grade of NAFLD.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Omicron-BA.1 Dispersion Rates in Mexico Varied According to the Regional Epidemic Patterns and the Diversity of Local Delta Subvariants

Purpose: The Omicron subvariant BA.1 of SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in November 2021 and quickly spread worldwide, displacing the Delta variant. In this work, a characterization of the spread of this variant in Mexico is presented. Methods: The time to fixation of BA.1, the diversity of Delta sublineages, the population density, and the level of virus circulation during the inter-wave interval were determined to analyze differences in BA.1 spread. Results: BA.1 began spreading during the first week of December 2021 and became dominant in the next three weeks, causing the fourth COVID-19 epidemiological surge in Mexico. Unlike previous variants, BA.1 did not exhibit a geographically distinct circulation pattern. However, a regional difference in the speed of the replacement of the Delta variant was observed. Conclusions: Viral diversity and the relative abundance of the virus in a particular area around the time of the introduction of a new lineage seem to have influenced the spread dynamics, in addition to population density. Nonetheless, if there is a significant difference in the fitness of the variants, or if the time allowed for the competition is sufficiently long, it seems the fitter virus will eventually become dominant, as observed in the eventual dominance of the BA.1.x variant in Mexico

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante