1,316 research outputs found
Analysis of economics of a TV broadcasting satellite for additional nationwide TV programs
The influence of a TV broadcasting satellite, transmitting four additional TV networks was analyzed. It is assumed that the cost of the satellite systems will be financed by the cable TV system operators. The additional TV programs increase income by attracting additional subscribers. Two economic models were established: (1) each local network is regarded as an independent economic unit with individual fees (cost price model) and (2) all networks are part of one public cable TV company with uniform fees (uniform price model). Assumptions are made for penetration as a function of subscription rates. Main results of the study are: the installation of a TV broadcasting satellite improves the economics of CTV-networks in both models; the overall coverage achievable by the uniform price model is significantly higher than that achievable by the cost price model
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Who Are America's Poor Children? Examining Health Disparities Among Children in the United States
Good health goes a long way, as research suggests that poor health in childhood not only impedes early child development, but can also have lasting consequences on children's future health and wellbeing. Although many would agree that a health is a fundamental right, children born into low-income families are less likely to enjoy this right. As part of NCCP's Who are America's Poor Children? series, this report draws on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to provide an overview of the health of America's children by poverty status from 2007 to 2009. To assess health disparities between poor and nonpoor children, it identifies a list of publicly available annual indicators within the following five broad domains of health: environmental health, health insurance coverage, access to healthcare services, behavior, and health outcomes. We find evidence of disparities between poor and nonpoor children within each of these five domains. These findings are consistent with two longstanding conclusions within the field of public health. First, "the relationship between socioeconomic status and health is one of the most robust and well documented findings in social science." Second, this relationship is reciprocal, as poverty detracts from resources used to maintain health, while poor health detracts from the educational and employment paths to income mobility. Following a framework developed by the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, this paper suggests five key domains of health: environmental health, health insurance coverage, access to healthcare services, behavior, and health outcomes. While income is one of the leading predictors of health disparities, it is not the only one (and often is associated with other risks). The influences of race and ethnicity, neighborhood safety and collective efficacy, family structure, and many other factors, are also critically important, though not examined here. With the exception of the two readily available survey indicators of reported emotional difficulties and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, we do not examine indicators of social-emotional well-being and mental health
Radiological manifestations of splenic tuberculosis: a 23-patient case series from India
Background & Objective: Splenic tuberculosis (TB) is a less common but important manifestation of abdominal TB, especially in India and other developing countries. Its prevalence is increasing with the epidemic of HIV-TB co-infection and subsequent rise in extrapulmonary TB. The range of radiological manifestations of splenic TB is poorly described. Here, we review the ultrasonographic and computed tomographic (CT) images of 23 cases from two large tertiary care centers in India. Methods: Radiographic images, ultrasonographic in all cases and CT in selected cases, were retrospectively analyzed in a series of 23 patients presenting to two large tertiary care centers in India, with suspected TB and with splenomegaly on physical examination. Images were assessed at baseline and when available following anti-tuberculosis therapy. Results: The ultrasound and CT findings included, in order of most common: single or multiple hypoechoic focal lesions, splenic abscess, calcifications (on CT), and isolated splenomegaly. Five of the six patients with findings of isolated splenomegaly on ultrasound were found to have lesions on CT. Interpretation & Conclusion: Ultrasonography of the spleen is an affordable, non-invasive imaging modality, which can be helpful in diagnosis of splenic TB and assessment of therapeutic response. Proper use of this imaging modality in splenic TB should help avoid unnecessary CT imaging or invasive procedures. However, this technique is operator-dependent, and, when extensive intraabdominal involvement is suspected, or the diagnosis is unclear, CT may be necessary
A prospective study of risk factor profile & incidence of deep venous thrombosis among medically-ill hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Background & Objective: Hospitalization for medical-illness is associated with an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, there are no published data from India addressing at this issue. We sought to study the risk factor profile and the incidence of DVT among hospitalized medically-ill patients, a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Methods: All adults admitted to the medical wards and intensive care unit with level 1 or 2 mobility over a period of two years (July 2006 to July 2008) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, New Delhi, were prospectively studied. Patients having DVT at admission or an anticipated hospital stay less than 48 h were excluded. The presence of clinical risk factors for DVT was recorded and laboratory evaluation was done for hypercoagulable state. A routine surveillance venous compression Doppler ultrasonography was performed 12 ± 8 days after hospital admission. Results: Of the 163 patients, 77 (47%) had more than one risk factor for DVT. Five (3%) patients developed DVT; none of them had symptomatic DVT. None of these patients received anticoagulation prior to the development of DVT. The mean age of those who developed DVT was 40 ± 13 (25-50) yr; two of five were male. The incidence rate of DVT was 2.7 per 1000 person-days of hospital stay [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87 to 6.27]. None of the factors was found to be significantly associated with the risk of DVT. Interpretation & Conclusion: In our setting, although many hospitalized medically-ill patients had risk factors for DVT, the absolute risk of DVT was low compared to the western population but clearly elevated compared to non hospitalized patients. Large studies from India are required to confirm our findings
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Pediatric Medical Homes: Laying the Foundation of a Promising Model of Care
In recent years the nation's health care system has accelerated the development and implementation of a new model of patient care -- the medical home. States, insurers, health care delivery systems, and individual practices are increasingly exploring ways to leverage medical homes to improve the quality of care and limit increases in health care costs. This Thrive report describes the current status of the medical home concept and explains how it has been broadly defined, applied to children, and measured. It also reports on the number and characteristics of American children served by medical homes and discusses opportunities to further leverage medical homes to improve medical care and achieve better health outcomes for young children, with a particular focus on the coordination of care for vulnerable children. The medical home concept builds on the foundations of primary care and managed care. Though the model is increasingly being recommended for all people, medical home implementation often prioritizes the goal of improving the quality and management of care for individuals with chronic disease or other critical health-impacting factors. Originally conceived by pediatricians over four decades ago, the medical home concept has become much more visible recently, particularly within the context of health care reform. The development of the medical home model of primary care can be traced back to the 1960s, but not until the 1990s did the advent of managed care prompt more focused exploration of potential payment models that could support broader implementation of medical homes. As a result, recent years have seen a high degree of activity around the definition, accreditation, and reimbursement of medical homes
Everyday self-defence: Hollaback narratives, habitus and resisting street harassment
Street harassment is recognised as an âeverydayâ form of violence against women. Influenced by contemporary sociologies of everyday life, this article examines women responses to street harassment, drawing on over 500 first person narratives submitted to the website of Hollaback London. The narrative structure highlights womenâs actions, which (like street harassment) have generally been considered inconsequential. Quantitative content analysis reveals the extent and variety of strategies employed by women, including speaking back, calling on others for help, physically fighting-back, walking away and an array of âsmallâ, everyday actions and gestures that aim to resist harassment. I argue that these responses comprise everyday self-defence practice. Furthermore, the notion of narrative habitus is employed to argue that Hollaback narratives do not just describe harassment, but that reading narratives can generate dispositions for self-defence. Narrative analysis reveals the way that satire is employed to make space for womenâs successful self-defence. I argue that Hollaback narratives do not just offer storylines or scripts for resisting street harassment but foster a style for doing so. Analysis considers the limits to narratively motivated self-defence. This research demonstrates that, in order to âseeâ womenâs resistance, we need to pay close attention to the everyday as the site of both gendered oppression and moments of liberation
Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2
The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015â2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios
Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in protonâproton collisions at âs=13Te
A combination of searches for top squark pair production using protonâproton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on the model, the combined result excludes a top squark mass up to 1325GeV for a massless neutralino, and a neutralino mass up to 700GeV for a top squark mass of 1150GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420GeV
MUSiC: a model-unspecific search for new physics in protonâproton collisions at âs=13TeV
Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using protonâproton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb-1, are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches
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