24 research outputs found

    Depresión posparto y satisfacción con la relación de pareja: impacto longitudinal en una muestra brasileña

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a relação entre a satisfação conjugal e a depressão pós-parto e o impacto destas variáveis nos níveis de satisfação conjugal e depressão futuros, em uma amostra brasileira. Estudos revelam que o conflito conjugal é um antecedente importante no desenvolvimento da depressão e que a depressão pós-parto influencia significativamente a satisfação conjugal. Métodos: Este estudo longitudinal com 99 mulheres brasileiras utilizou análises de regressão múltipla para verificar a associação entre a satisfação conjugal e a depressão. A sintomatologia depressiva foi avaliada pelo instrumento Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). A satisfação conjugal foi verificada a partir de itens sobre a percepção de satisfação conjugal das participantes. Os dados foram coletados 4 meses e 2 anos após o parto. Os dados longitudinais possibilitaram a análise cronológica da interação entre as duas variáveis. Resultados e Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que o modelo teórico que estabelece a relação entre conflito conjugal e depressão é também apropriado para casais brasileiros, sugerindo a utilização potencial da terapia de casal no tratamento da depressão pós-parto no Brasil.This study examined the relationship between marital satisfaction and postpartum depression as well as the impact of postpartum depression and marital satisfaction on later relational characteristics among Brazilian couples. Studies have shown that marital satisfaction is an important antecedent to depression and that postpartum depression has an influence on marital satisfaction. Methods: A longitudinal study using multiple regression to test the association between marital satisfaction and depression was conducted among Brazilian women. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 and marital satisfaction using an instrument developed by the researchers to test the individuals’ perception of their marital quality. Data were collected at 4 months and 2 years after childbirth. The longitudinal data allowed researchers to chronologically analyze the interaction of key variables. Results and Conclusions: Results showed that the model established between marital satisfaction and depression is appropriate for Brazilian couples as well as for postpartum women. This study highlights the potential impact of marital treatment on postpartum depression in Brazil.El objetivo de este trabajo fué verificar la relación existente entre la satisfacción con la relación de pareja y la depresión pos-parto y el impacto de esas variables en los niveles de satisfacción con la relación de pareja y depresión futuros, en una muestra brasileña. Estudios revelan que el conflicto de pareja és un antecedente importante en el desarollo de depresión y que la depresión pos-parto provoca influencia significativa en la relación de pareja. Métodos: Este estudio longitudinal con 99 mujeres brasileñas hizo uso de análisis de regresión multiple para estudiar la asociación entre la satisfacción en la relación de pareja y la depresión. Los sintomas depresivos fueron evaluados por el instrumento Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). La satisfacción con la relación de pareja fué verificada utilizando datos sobre la percepción de satisfacción de las participantes. Los datos fueron obtenidos 4 meses y 2 años después del parto. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el modelo teórico que establece la relación entre conflicto de pareja y depresión és tambien apropriado para parejas brasileña s y sugiere la posibilidad de utilización de la terapia de pareja en el tratamiento de la depresión pos-parto en Brasil

    31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

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    Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

    Desenvolvimento, aplicação e avaliação de um modelo de intervenção positiva para pacientes com miastenia gravis

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    Essa dissertação objetiva desenvolver, aplicar e avaliar um modelo de intervenção psicológica em grupo baseado nas abordagens cognitivo-comportamental e positiva para pacientes com miastenia gravis. Participaram cinco mulheres entre 20 e 53 anos diagnosticadas com a doença. A psicoterapia foi composta por oito encontros semanais, com duração aproximada de uma hora e trinta minutos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas nos períodos pré e pós-intervenção e após seis meses, além de instrumentos psicológicos para as variáveis estresse, qualidade de vida e forças pessoais. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, a partir da análise de biografia e narrativas de Gibbs. Pôde-se observar redução de estresse em participantes que haviam apresentado algum nível antes dos encontros. Além disso, os resultados sugeriram modificações pertinentes ao modelo de intervenção proposto, tendo em vista o caráter exploratório e inicial do estudo. A pesquisa levantou considerações sobre a necessidade de um acompanhamento psicológico sistemático para pacientes com miastenia gravis.This research aims to develop, implement and evaluate a model of group psychotherapy based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and positive psychology for patients with myasthenia gravis. Participants were five women aged between 20 and 53 years old and diagnosed with the disease. Psychotherapy consisted of eight weekly meetings, which lasted approximately one hour and thirty minutes. Semi-structured interviews pre and post intervention and after six months were applied, as well as psychological instruments for the variables stress, quality of life and character strengths. Data were analyzed qualitatively, from the Gibbs’ analysis of narrative biography. It was observed reduction of stress in participants who had experienced earlier. Furthermore, results suggested important modifications to the model proposed intervention, considering it was an exploratory study. The research raised considerations about the need for a systematic psychological counseling for patients with myasthenia gravis

    A família com filhos e sua rede : impacto da rede de apoio social nas relações familiares e na saúde mental dos cuidadores

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    Esta tese de doutorado investigou o impacto longitudinal da rede de apoio social da família sobre as relações intrafamiliares e a saúde mental dos cuidadores. Para compreender aspectos contextuais e processuais, considerando mudanças/constâncias ao longo do ciclo vital, utilizou-se como aparato teórico a Abordagem Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Este estudo é um recorte de uma pesquisa longitudinal, iniciada em 1999 com 148 famílias residentes do bairro Vila Jardim, Porto Alegre. Dados coletados em 1999, 2004 e 2009 foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas, testes qui-quadrado, testes t de Student e Proportional Odds Model. Foram utilizados um questionário de auto-relato sobre saúde mental, a escala Global Assessment of Relational Functioning (GARF) para avaliar funcionamento familiar, o inventário Parental Bonding sobre vínculo parental, e uma escala de cinco pontos sobre rede de apoio social. Os achados indicaram que a rede de apoio da família é um recurso significativo do contexto para o estabelecimento de relações intrafamiliares adequadas e para a saúde mental dos cuidadores ao longo do ciclo vital.This dissertation investigates the longitudinal impact of social support on family relationships and caregivers mental health. To understand contextual and procedural aspects, considering changes / constancies throughout the life cycle, the theoretical frame used in this study was the Bioecological Theory of Human Development. This study is part of a longitudinal research, developed since 1999 with 148 families living in the Vila Jardim neighborhood, in Porto Alegre city. Data collected in 1999, 2004 and 2009 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test and Proportional Odds Model. It was used a self-report questionnaire on mental health, the Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale (GARF), the Parental Bonding Inventory, and a five-point scale of social support. The findings indicated that social support is a significant contextual resource for establishment of appropriate intra-family relationships and caregivers mental health through the life cycle
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