Índex de Qualitat de la Prescripció Farmacèutica (IQF). Versió 2013

Índice de Calidad de la Prescripción Farmacéutica; IQSPrescription Quality Index; PQIÍndex de Qualitat de la Prescripció Farmacèutica; IQSL’Índex de Qualitat de Prescripció Farmacèutica (IQF) és una eina de la qual es dota al Catsalut per mesurar la dimensió científic-tècnica de la qualitat de la prescripció farmacèutica. L’objectiu final de l’IQF és fomentar l’ús dels fàrmacs més cost-efectius i reduir la variabilitat entre els professionals d’atenció primària i especialitzada de Catalunya. L’IQF és una eina de gestió que permet avaluar de manera quantitativa i qualitativa la prescripció farmacològica efectuada pels metges d’una organització. D’aquesta manera, permet identificar les millors pràctiques i establir el gold standard o patró d’or de la prescripció, així com realitzar comparacions (benchmarking). Proporciona informació per a la presa de decisions, permet fixar els objectius de millora i és una eina d’implantació de polítiques sanitàries mitjançant la seva introducció en els contractes de gestió.El Índice de Calidad de Prescripción Farmacéutica (IQF) es una herramienta de la que se dota al CatSalut para medir la dimensión científico-técnica de la calidad de la prescripción farmacéutica. El objetivo final del IQF es fomentar el uso de los fármacos mas coste-efectivos y reducir la variabilidad entre los profesionales de atención primaria y especializada de Cataluña. El IQF es una herramienta de gestión que permite evaluar de manera cuantitativa y cualitativa la prescripción farmacológica efectuada por los médicos de una organización. De esta forma, permite identificar las mejores prácticas y establecer el gold standard o patrón de oro de la prescripción, así como realizar comparacones (benchmarking). Proporciona información para la toma de decisiones, permite fijar los objetivos de mejora y es una herramienta de implantación de políticas sanitarias mediante su introducción en los contratos de gestión

Índex de Qualitat de la Prescripció Farmacèutica (IQF). Versió 2014

Índice de Calidad de la Prescripción Farmacéutica; IQSPrescription Quality Index; PQIÍndex de Qualitat de la Prescripció Farmacèutica; IQSL’Índex de Qualitat de Prescripció Farmacèutica (IQF) és una eina de la qual es dota al Catsalut per mesurar la dimensió científic-tècnica de la qualitat de la prescripció farmacèutica. L’objectiu final de l’IQF és fomentar l’ús dels fàrmacs més cost-efectius i reduir la variabilitat entre els professionals d’atenció primària i especialitzada de Catalunya. L’IQF és una eina de gestió que permet avaluar de manera quantitativa i qualitativa la prescripció farmacològica efectuada pels metges d’una organització. D’aquesta manera, permet identificar les millors pràctiques i establir el gold standard o patró d’or de la prescripció, així com realitzar comparacions (benchmarking). Proporciona informació per a la presa de decisions, permet fixar els objectius de millora i és una eina d’implantació de polítiques sanitàries mitjançant la seva introducció en els contractes de gestió.El Índice de Calidad de Prescripción Farmacéutica (IQF) es una herramienta de la que se dota al CatSalut para medir la dimensión científico-técnica de la calidad de la prescripción farmacéutica. El objetivo final del IQF es fomentar el uso de los fármacos mas coste-efectivos y reducir la variabilidad entre los profesionales de atención primaria y especializada de Cataluña. El IQF es una herramienta de gestión que permite evaluar de manera cuantitativa y cualitativa la prescripción farmacológica efectuada por los médicos de una organización. De esta forma, permite identificar las mejores prácticas y establecer el gold standard o patrón de oro de la prescripción, así como realizar comparacones (benchmarking). Proporciona información para la toma de decisiones, permite fijar los objetivos de mejora y es una herramienta de implantación de políticas sanitarias mediante su introducción en los contratos de gestión

Independent and joined association between socioeconomic indicators and pediatric obesity in Spain: the PASOS study

Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/<12.731€). The prevalence of obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.5%, 1.4%, and 22.3%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed an inverse association of both education and labor market status with obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity (all p < 0.001). Income was also inversely associated with obesity (p < 0.01) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest composite SES category (University/Employed/≥12.731€ n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16–0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23–0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/<12.731€; n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.The PASOS study was funded by Fundación PROBITAS (2019) and the Gasol Foundation (2019-2020). Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation (2019-2020), Banco Santander (2019), IFA (2019-2020), Vienna (2019), and the Fundación Deporte Joven (2019) (no references are applicable). J.A.T., M.G.-G. and C.B. are funding by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, which are co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

Determinants of adherence to the mediterranean diet in Spanish children and adolescents: the PASOS Study

A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain. Participants were 3607 children and adolescents; 8–16 years old. Primary and secondary outcome measures of weight and height were measured. Adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents, as well as parental physical activity and dietary habits, were assessed. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was observed in 45.5% of primary school students and 34.8% of secondary school students (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56–0.75). Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was higher in children/adolescents meeting daily recommended moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.97–2.89) and in those meeting daily recommended screen time on week-days (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.77–2.38) and weekends (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.48–2.10). Participants with optimal adherence to the MedDiet were more likely to have mothers with a high-level education and high-tercile of SDQS, mothers who never smoked or were former smokers, and mothers who met the recommended physical activity and screen time. It can be concluded that a low prevalence of optimal adherence to the MedDiet was found among current Spanish children and adolescents. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reaching the recommendations on physical activity and screen time, with the highest maternal educational level, and healthier maternal life-styles.The PASOS study was funded by Fundación PROBITAS and the Gasol Foundation. Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation, Banco Santander, IFA, Vienna and the Fundación Deporte Joven (no references are applicable). J.A.T., C.B., M.M.G., and M.M.B. were funded by CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038) of the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

Trends in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents across Two Decades.

Unhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8–16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998–2000, n = 1001) and PASOS (2019–2020, n = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence (p < 0.001). Participants of the 2019–2020 study showed an increase in the consumption of dairy products (31.1% increase), pasta/rice (15.4% increase), olive oil (16.9% increase), and nuts (9.7% increase), as well as a decreased sweets and candies intake (12.6% reduction). In contrast, a significantly lower MD adherence was found when comparing the 2019–2020 (mean ± SE: 6.9 ± 0.04) and the 1998–2000 study (7.37 ± 0.08); p < 0.001), due to less consumption of fish (20.3% reduction), pulse (19.4% reduction), and fruits (14.9% reduction), and an increased intake of commercial goods/pastries or fast-food intake (both 19.4% increase). The lowest adherence was recorded for adolescents also in the most recent study, where 10.9% of them presented a KIDMED score ≤ 3. This study shows that eating habits are deteriorating among Spanish children and adolescents. Such findings point out the urgency of undertaking strong measures to promote the consumption of healthy, sustainable, and non-ultra-processed food, such as those available in an MD, not only at a scientific and academic level, but also at a governmental onePartial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Study protocol of a population-based cohort investigating physical activity, sedentarism, lifestyles and obesity in spanish youth: the PASOS study

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is essential to healthy mental and physical development in early life. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity, which is considered a key modifiable driver of childhood obesity, has reached alarming levels among European youth. There is a need to update the data for Spain, in order to establish if current measures are effective or new approaches are needed. Methods and analysis: We present the protocol for Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS). This observational, nationally representative, multicentre study aims to determine the PA levels, sedentary behaviours and prevalence of physical inactivity (defined as <60 min of moderate to vigorous PA per day) in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. The PASOS study has recruited a representative random sample of children and adolescents aged 8-16 years from 242 educational centres in the 17 'autonomous regions' into which Spain is divided. The aim is to include a total of 4508 youth participants and their families. Weight, height and waist circumference will be measured by standardised procedures. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, quality of life, sleep duration, PA and sedentary behaviour are being measured by validated questionnaires. PA is measured by the Physical Activity Unit 7-item Screener. A representative subsample (10% of participants) was randomly selected to wear accelerometers for 9 days to obtain objective data on PA. Parents are asked about their educational level, time spent doing PA, diet quality, self-perceived stress, smoking habit, weight, height, their child's birth weight and if the child was breast fed. Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. Main findings of the study will be disseminated to the scientific community and to general public by media conferences, social media and a website. Trial registration number: ISRCTN34251612

Independent and Joined Association between Socioeconomic Indicators and Pediatric Obesity in Spain: The PASOS Study

Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/p p p n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16–0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23–0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain

Validity, reliability, and calibration of the physical activity unit 7 item screener (PAU-7S) at population scale

Background: Validation of self-reported tools, such as physical activity (PA) questionnaires, is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and the concurrent, construct, and predictive validity of the short semi-quantitative Physical Activity Unit 7 item Screener (PAU-7S), using accelerometry as the reference measurement. The effect of linear calibration on PAU-7S validity was tested. Methods: A randomized sample of 321 healthy children aged 8-16 years (149 boys, 172 girls) from the nationwide representative PASOS study completed the PAU-7S before and after wearing an accelerometer for at least 7 consecutive days. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Cronbach alpha was calculated for internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was determined by intra-class correlation (ICC). Concurrent validity was assessed by ICC and Spearman correlation coefficient between moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) derived by the PAU-7S and by accelerometer. Concordance between both methods was analyzed by absolute agreement, weighted kappa, and Bland-Altman statistics. Multiple linear regression models were fitted for construct validity and predictive validity was determined by leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: The PAU-7S overestimated MVPA by 18%, compared to accelerometers (106.5 ± 77.0 vs 95.2 ± 33.2 min/day, respectively). A Cronbach alpha of 0.76 showed an acceptable internal consistency of the PAU-7S. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC 0.71 p < 0.001). Spearman correlation and ICC coefficients of MVPA derived by the PAU-7S and accelerometers increased from 0.31 to 0.62 and 0.20 to 0.62, respectively, after calibration of the PAU-7S. Between-methods concordance improved from a weighted kappa of 0.24 to 0.50 after calibration. A slight reduction in ICC, from 0.62 to 0.60, yielded good predictive validity. Multiple linear regression models showed an inverse association of MVPA with standardized body mass index (β - 0.162; p < 0.077) and waist to height ratio (β - 0.010; p < 0.014). All validity dimensions were somewhat stronger in boys compared to girls. Conclusion: The PAU-7S shows a good test-retest reliability and acceptable internal consistency. All dimensions of validity increased from poor/fair to moderate/good after calibration. The PAU-7S is a valid instrument for measuring MVPA in children and adolescents