Clinical Insights about Mental Difference

Self-actualization is sought by all people. Experience with mental difference, both as a patient and as a staff member in a mental hospital leads to a greater understanding of the meaning and nature of this difference. It arises from variations in biographical experience, social interactions, personal frame and self-choice. Providing the mentally different with the responsibility of at least limited choice empowers them while affirming their human dignity and worth

Homotopifikspunkter og Nielsen-teori

Et fikspunkt for en selvavbildning f: X -> X er et punkt x som oppfyller likningen f(x) = x. Mengden av fikspunkter kalles Fix(f). I fikspunktteori studeres egenskapene til Fix(f) for forskjellige f og X. Man deler mengden av fikspunker for en selvavbildning inn i ekvivalensklasser, såkalte fikspunktklasser. I Nielsen-teori studeres tallene R(f) (Reidemeister-tallet), N(f) (Nielsen-tallet) og L(f) (Lefschetz-tallet). R(f) er det totale antallet fikspunktklasser, mens N(f) er antallet essensielle fikspunktklasser, de som ikke forsvinner under homotopi. Disse tallene er alle homotopiinvariante. Når X er en mangfoldighet kan vi gjøre en videre generalisering av Reidemeister-tallet, og se på Reidemeister-trasen, ikke et tall, men et element i en bestemt fri abelsk gruppe. Målet med oppgaven er å vise en formel for Reidemeister-trasen og å vise homotopiinvarians av denne ved hjelp av formelen. Oppgaven avsluttes med en utvidelse av formelen til å gjelde for visse endelige CW-komplekser

Optical scattering for security applications

Laser Surface Authentication (LSA) has emerged in recent years as a potentially disruptive tracking and authentication technology. A strong need for such a solution in a variety of industries drove the implementation of the technology faster than the scientific understanding could keep up. The drive to miniaturise and simplify, the need to be robust against real-world problems like damage and misuse, and not least, intellectual curiosity, make it clear that a firmer scientific footing is important as the technology matures. Existing scattering and biometric work are reviewed, and LSA is introduced as a technology. The results of field-work highlight the restrictions which are encountered when the technology is applied. Analysis of the datasets collected in the trial provide, first, an indication of the performance of LSA under real-world conditions and, second, insight into the potential shortcomings of the technique. Using the particulars of the current sensor’s geometry, the LSA signal is characterised. Measurements are made of the decorrelation of the signature with linear and rotational offsets, and it is concluded that while surface microstructure has a strong impact on the rate of decorrelation, this dependency is not driven by the surface’s feature size. A new series of experiments examine that same decorrelation for interference effects with different illumination conditions, and conclude that laser speckle is not an adequate explanation for the phenomenon. The results of this experimental work inform a mathematical description of LSA based on a combination of existing bi-static scattering models used in physics and ray-tracing, which is implemented numerically. The results of the model are found to be a good fit to experimental work, and new predictions are made about LSA

Two-dimensional control of field-driven magnetic bubble movement using Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions

The field-induced asymmetric growth of magnetic bubble domains in Pt/Co/Pt out-of-plane magnetized films with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMI) is used to control the lateral displacement of bubbles. We demonstrate experimentally that we can laterally translate bubbles away from their nucleation site by applying a series of alternating 3-dimensional field pulses with a controlled relative sign between the out-of-plane and in-plane components. Using magneto optical Kerr effect imaging, the domain wall velocity as a function of applied field strength was measured from which the magnitude of the DMI field was estimated.This work was supported by the European Community under the Seventh Framework Programme '3SPIN' (ERC contract 247368) and by EMRP JRP EXL04 SpinCal. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the EU.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available from AIP at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/106/2/10.1063/1.4905600

Ascospore release by Venturia inaequalis during periods of extended daylight and low temperature at Nordic latitudes

Darkness suppresses ascospore release in Venturia inaequalis, but the impact of light levels during the extended twilight and dusk that typify Nordic spring conditions is poorly understood. Volumetric spore traps were operated at two different locations in Norway over several years. During the season of asocspore release (approximately 1 April to 30 June), on 25 occasions when rain started during night (after 23:00h and before 04:00h) and leaves remained wet until at least midnight the following day, the cumulative percentage of spores trapped at sunrise did not exceed 1%, irrespective of temperature. Three hours after sunrise, cumulative ascospore release reached 0.8%, 3.0%, and 8.1% at temperatures of 0 to 5°C, 5 to 10°C, and >10°C, respectively, and 50% release occurred at 11, 9, and 8h after sunrise. Additional field and laboratory studies indicated that the protracted dawn and dusk of Nordic latitudes, either alone or in combination with low temperatures, does not substantially alter previously reported patterns of ascospore releas

‘How I feel About My School’: The construction and validation of a measure of wellbeing at school for primary school children

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.There is a growing focus on child wellbeing and happiness in schools, but we lack self-report measures for very young children. Three samples (N = 2345) were combined to assess the psychometric properties of the How I Feel About My School (HIFAMS) questionnaire, which was designed for children aged 4-8 years. Test re-test reliability was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.62). HIFAMS assessed a single concept and had moderate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha values from 0.62 to 0.67). There were low correlations between scores on the child-reported HIFAMS and parent- and teacher reports. Children at risk of exclusion had significantly lower HIFAMS scores than the community sample (mean difference = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6 to 3.2; p < 0.001). Schools contributed only 4.5% of the variability in HIFAMS score; the remaining 95.5% reflecting pupil differences within schools. Girls’ scores were 0.37 units (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.57; p < 0.001) higher than boys, while year group and deprivation did not predict HIFAMS score. HIFAMS is a promising measure that demonstrates moderate reliability and discriminates between groups even among very young children

Scaling of continuous twin screw wet granulation

Scaling rules were developed and tested for a continuous twin screw wet granulation process using three scales (11, 16, and 24 mm barrel diameter) of twin screw granulators (TSG). The distributive feed screw configuration used produced high porosity granules (50-60%) with broad bimodal size distributions, especially in the 16 and 24 mm TSGs. Three dimensionless numbers, Froude number (Fr), liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), and powder feed number (PFN), were identified and their effect on granule size distribution (GSD), porosity and liquid distribution tested. Granule size increased with increasing LSR as expected. However, Fr and PFN had no significant effect on d10 or d50 and only a small effect on d90. In contrast, granulator scale had a strong effect on GSD, with d90 increasing almost linearly with barrel diameter. This is consistent with breakage of large granules being a dominant mechanism and directly controlled by the geometry of the screw

Warm or cold colored product packaging? : The impact of color temperature on product preference and perceptions of warmth and competence

Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Marketing - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2018Careful color selection is an inevitable part when it comes to packaging design. Research within the field of social psychology suggests that nonverbal cues such as colors can activate warmth and competence perceptions of brands and products. Further, it is indicated that stimuli other than the physical experience of warmth and coldness can exert similar priming effects to those when one’s physical temperature is modified in some way. Building on extant research, the present research wishes to examine whether temperature nuances within colors on product packaging activate perceptions of warmth and competence, and if so, whether it affects consumers’ product preference and attitude towards products. In addition, the present research investigates whether consumers’ product preference and attitudes towards products are affected by non-physical warmth and competence priming through written contexts. A series of two studies demonstrate that color temperature indeed impacts warmth and competence perceptions of products. Congruent with the hypotheses, results show that warmth cues (i.e., warm color temperature nuances) increase a product’s perceived warmth. However, contrary to the hypotheses, similar effects on perceived competence are not present for products conveying competence cues (i.e., cold color temperature nuances). Finally, the findings indicate that contextual priming of warmth and competence does not significantly impact product preference or attitude towards the product. This paper carries notable implications for marketing managers, marketers, scholars, and designers, especially within the field of packaging development and design, where one can utilize color temperature nuances to communicate the desired brand perception. Keywords: color temperature, product packaging, competence, warmth, brand perception, product preference, primin

Visualization of Crowd Flows from Positioning Data

Positioning systems, both indoor and outdoor, regardless of technology used, generate large amounts of data of varying quality about where different objects are observed in space at various time instants. Such data has been proven valuable for both commercial interests and for researchers alike. Given the nature of positioning data, it is invaluable to have tools for visualizing them, with maps being a natural part of the visualizations. Various efforts have been made to generate different visualization tools for data collected at the campus of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, but they have only made use of small subsets of the available data, partly due to how it was stored. Later, work has been done on improving the storage mechanisms, suggesting that it should be combined with the other work. This project investigates building a web application and a data processing component with the goal of providing a research platform for exploring a larger part of the data set that for example can aid in the development of data cleaning methods. The result is a set of patterns discovered using the platform and an evaluation of the efficency of using the web platform as a basis for large-scale visualization applications. Experiments show that there are certain limits to what is possible using current technologies, but that there still is a great possibility of visualizing large datasets