2 Coríntios 12 e o misticismo judaico (Os Quatro que entraram no Pardes)

A proposta apresentada por alguns estudiosos de que a história rabínica dos Quatro que entraram no Pardes esteja relacionada ou indique o background na tradição mística judaica do arrebatamento de Paulo ao paraíso, recontada em 2 Cor12, tem sido contestada por outros estudiosos que discordam que possa existir evidência de uma raiz comum entre os dois textos. Este artigo traz uma comparação de 2 Cor 12,1-10 com a narrativa rabínica do Pardes, e discute a influência das tradições associadas com o misticismo de merkavah e seus predecessores na experiência e pensamento de Paulo

Global characterization of the Quercus suber ectomycorrhizal transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing

In temperate forests, trees live in symbiosis with fungi and depend on them for their survival. Species from the Fagaceae family, including oaks, establish a symbiotic relationship in their roots with basidiomycetous fungi, called ectomycorrhizas (ECM). ECM symbiosis is essential for the life and health of trees in temperate and boreal forests where it plays a major role in nutrient cycling and in functioning of the forest ecosystem. Trees with well developed ECM root tips are more tolerant to environmental stresses, such as drought, and iotic stresses such as root pathogens. There is a general agreement that ECM fungi increase plant survival and productivity. Cork oak is well adapted to water scarcity typical of the Mediterranean summer, due to a root system that can reach several metres in depth, and to the abundance of roots at the soil surface associated with ECM. The development of ECM symbiosis is characterized by the successive development of three structural components: a mantle of fungal tissue that encloses the root, the intraradical network of hyphae (Hartig net), where plant and fungus exchange metabolites, and the extraradical mycelium, which extends into the soil and is responsible for nutrient and water uptake. All these processes are highly regulated and are accompanied by alterations on gene expression in both partners. The current project is integrated in the effort for covering the transcriptome of Quercus suber and is focused on the identification of ESTs involved in the development of ECM symbiosis in cork oak. Since only 236 ESTs from Quercus suber are currently known, the use of genomics approaches for gene discovery or functional studies is far from being achieved for this plant species.This work was supported by the FCT project SOBREIRO/0034/200

Detection and characterization of Rickettsial strains in ticks from Sardinia, Italy

The aim of this study was, firstly, to detect the presence of Rickettsial DNA by PCR and, then, to identify the Rickettsiae species using restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on two amplified genes

Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop

Due to the high market value of cashew nut, cashew became a significantly important cash crop in many countries. Originating from Brazil, the plant was introduced into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia and is nowadays found across most of the tropical regions. However, the diseases that threaten and compromise crop production have not yet been comprehensively documented. The aim of this study was to examine the published scientific data on cashew diseases, to identify current knowledge gaps, and to present a review of the most important diseases and pathogens affecting cashew productivity. The most described diseases are caused by fungi genera—mainly Colletotrichum, Lasiodiplodia, and Erysiphe (worldwide); Cryptosporiopsis (East Africa); and recently Fusarium in Tanzania. Other fungal genera (e.g., Septoria, Pilgeriella, and Pestalotia) may correspond to emerging local cashew diseases that have not yet expanded to other geographic regions or for which records are lacking. Gummosis (Lasiodiplodia spp.), which is considered the most prevalent and damaging disease of cashew, has a pantropical distribution. There is large discrepancy concerning the causal agents of cashew diseases that might be explained by the lack of proper species identification through morpho-cultural and molecular approaches. This, in turn, can easily lead to misdiagnoses that have serious negative consequences for the implementation of specific control actions. It is important to establish a standardized identification workflow that will allow a reliable identification of the disease-causing agent and to determine the occurrence and/or expansion of a given pathogen across cashew-producing regionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diversity of Legumes in the Cashew Agroforestry System in East Timor (Southeast Asia)

Cashew is an important export-oriented crop in several tropical countries, often under monocropping systems. Intercropping with legume species is promoted as a sustainable practice, enhancing agricultural productivity and providing nutritional food sources to rural communities. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of Leguminosae (or Fabaceae) in the cashew agroforestry systems of East Timor (Southeast Asia). Fourteen cashew orchards were sampled across the country, and information about leguminous species uses was collected from local populations. About 50 species are commonly part of the country’s cashew agroforestry system, many of them simultaneously used as food, fodder, and in traditional medicine. Six bean species—Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Phaseolus lunatus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and H.Ohashi, Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek and Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.—are largely used as food. The mineral contents of these beans revealed relevant differences between species and, in some cases, between types (seed colour) within species. Periods of hunger and low food variety are frequent in East Timor, reflecting a very poor nutritional state of the population. Knowing and using legumes for local nutrition, as well as for healthcare and well-being, adds great value to these species as components of East Timor cashew agroforestry systemsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

EFECTO DE LA SUSTANCIA P SOBRE LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL PULMONAR EN POLLOS EXPUESTOS A LA ALTURA

La hipoxia de la altura produce hipertensión arterial pulmonar como consecuencia de una vasoconstricción arteriolar pulmonar, cuyo mecanismo es aún desconocido. Bajo estas condiciones, en el endotelio vascular se sintetizan sustancias vasoactivas en las que podría incluirse la Sustancia P (SP). A fin de determinar el efecto de la SP sobre la Presión Arterial Pulmonar media (PAPm) se utilizaron 30 pollos de carne, machos, nacidos y criados a nivel del mar. A los 35 días de edad fueron expuestos a 3,320 m de altitud por 3 días, al término de los cuales se determinó la PAPm por cateterismo directo de la arteria pulmonar, tanto antes (Pre–SP) como despues de la administración de Sustancia P (PostSP), en dosis de 0.30 mcg (0.3ml)/ kg de peso vivo. El valor promedio de la PAPm para PreSP fue de 37.92 ± 4.10 mmHg, mientras que en los tiempos de 01, 05, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 y 90 segundos para Post-SP fueron 36.08 ± 3.70, 31.11 ± 7.51, 28.00 ± 10.22, 26.43 ± 11.02, 24.43 ± 11.02, 23.17 ± 11.54, 24.08 ± 10.98, 27.27 ± 10.97 y 30.67 ± 9.40 mm Hg, respectivamente. La SP disminuyó significativamente la PAPm desde el primer segundo (p< 0.001), y alcanzó su mínimo valor a los 45 segundos. La rápida disminución de la PAPm permite sugerir la posible influencia de la SP a nivel endotelial vascular por su acción vasodilatadora, disminuyendo el efecto presor que, a su vez, podría estar relacionado con la hiperpolarización de la membrana o con el aumento de la actividad del óxido nítrico.Hypoxia at high altitude produces pulmonary arterial hypertension as a result of pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction, but the mechanism of action is still unknown. Under these conditions, vasoactive substances like Substance P (SP), are synthesized in the vascular endothelium. To study the effect of SP on the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm), 30 male chickens for meat production, born and reared at sea level were used. The birds were exposed at 35 days of age to 3,320 m of altitude for 3 days, and then the PAPm was determined by catheterising the pulmonary artery, both before (Pre–SP) and after (Post–SP) injection of SP in doses of 0.30 mcg (0.3ml)/kg of body weight. The mean value of PAPm for Pre–SP was 37.92 ± 4.10 mm Hg, while for Post–SP at the times of 01, 05, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 seconds were 36.08 ± 3.70, 31.11 ± 7.51, 28.00 ± 10.22, 26.43 ± 11.02, 24.43 ± 11.02, 23.17 ± 11.54, 24.08 ± 10.98, 27.27 ± 10.97, and 30.67 ± 9.40 mm Hg, respectively. SP significatively diminished the PAPm (p < 0.001) from the 1st second and reached his lowest value at 45 seconds. The quick decrease of PAPm suggests a possible influence of SP at vascular endothelial level through its vasodilator effect, decreasing the press effect that could be related to the hyperpolarization of the membrane as well as to an increase of nitric oxide activity

Metabolomics and transcriptomics to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying ectomycorrhizal root colonization of an oak tree

Mycorrhizas are known to have a positive impact on plant growth and ability to resist major biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the metabolic alterations underlying mycorrhizal symbiosis are still understudied. By using metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches, cork oak roots colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius were compared with non-colonized roots. Results show that compounds putatively corresponding to carbohydrates, organic acids, tannins, long-chain fatty acids and monoacylglycerols, were depleted in ectomycorrhizal cork oak colonized roots. Conversely, non-proteogenic amino acids, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and several putative defense-related compounds, including oxylipin-family compounds, terpenoids and B6 vitamers were induced in mycorrhizal roots. Transcriptomic analysis suggests the involvement of GABA in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis through increased synthesis and inhibition of degradation in mycorrhizal roots. Results from this global metabolomics analysis suggest decreases in root metabolites which are common components of exudates, and in compounds related to root external protective layers which could facilitate plant-fungal contact and enhance symbiosis. Root metabolic pathways involved in defense against stress were induced in ectomycorrhizal roots that could be involved in a plant mechanism to avoid uncontrolled growth of the fungal symbiont in the root apoplast. Several of the identified symbiosis-specific metabolites, such as GABA, may help to understand how ectomycorrhizal fungi such as P. tinctorius benefit their host plants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio