Un enfoque novedoso de blanqueamiento: optimización del proceso asistido por microondas de aceite de girasol

The factors affecting the microwave bleaching of sunflower oil and the interaction between them were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology using a three-factor five-level central composite rotatable design. Microwave power, time and the amount of bleaching clay were selected as independent variables studied in the range of 70-120 W, 2-15 min, and 0.01-0.5%. The dependent variables that measure the bleaching efficiency and oil quality were evaluated as hue angle, chroma and totox value. Optimization was carried out by minimizing totox and chroma and maximizing hue angle. Hue angle, chroma and totox were found as 96.91, 37.66 and 23.31 under optimal conditions. Optimal microwave bleaching was successfully performed by using less bleaching clay (0.4%) and a shorter time (8 min) compared to the current industrial application without any adverse effect on oil quality. Hence, microwave bleaching is thought to be an alternative method for the bleaching of edible oils.Los factores que afectan al blanqueamiento asistido por microondas del aceite de girasol y la interacción entre ellos se investigaron y optimizaron mediante la metodología de superficie de respuesta utilizando un diseño central giratorio compuesto de tres factores y cinco niveles. La potencia del microondas, el tiempo y la cantidad de arcilla blanqueadora se seleccionaron como variables independientes estudiadas en el rango de 70-120 W, 2-15 min y 0,01-0,5%. Las variables dependientes que miden la eficiencia del blanqueamiento y la calidad del aceite se han evaluado como ángulo de tono, croma y valor totox. La optimización se llevó a cabo minimizando el totox y el croma y maximizando el ángulo de tono. El ángulo de tono, el croma y el totox se encontraron en 96,91, 37,66 y 23,31 en condiciones óptimas. El blanqueamiento por microondas óptimo se ha realizado con éxito utilizando arcilla blanqueadora más baja (0,4%) y un tiempo más corto (8 min). En comparación con la aplicación industrial actual sin ningún efecto adverso sobre la calidad del aceite. Por tanto, se cree que el blanqueamiento asistido por microondas es un método alternativo para blanquear los aceites comestibles

The effect of TAP block use in postoperative analgesic in cesarean section

OBJECTIVE: TAP (transversus abdominis plane) block is an important parameter of multimodal analgesia in the control of postoperative pain in cesarean section cases. In our study, we aimed to compare the analgesic consumption, patient satisfaction rate, vital signs, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of ASA II patients with and without TAP block in cesarean surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective review of prospectively collected data and an open-label and randomized clinical trial. The files of 180 patients who underwent elementary cesarean section between January 2019 and December 2019 were analyzed. The ASA score, anesthesia method, age, weight, height, parity, TAP block application, VAS score, analgesia duration, the additional analgesic requirement for maintenance, patient satisfaction, postoperative nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, and other complications were recorded. The 180 patients included in the study were divided into 6 groups: Group 1 - General anesthesia, Group 2 - General anesthesia + TAP block, Group 3 - Spinal anesthesia, Group 4 - Spinal anesthesia + TAP block, Group 5 - Epidural anesthesia, and Group 6 - Epidural anesthesia + TAP block. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic variables. The VAS scores of the first 24 hours were significantly different for Group 1. VAS scores in the 1st and 3rd hours were significantly higher in Group 1 than in the other groups. The groups without TAP block had significantly higher VAS scores at the 12th hour. Furthermore, the VAS score in Group 6 at 24 hours was significantly the lowest, and the earliest analgesic requirement was in Group 1. When the number of analgesic needs of the patients in 24 hours was examined, Group 1 was found to be significantly the highest, and Group 6 was significantly the lowest of all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The epidural anesthesia + TAP block Group had the lowest VAS score, the fewest analgesic requirements, the longest analgesia length, and the highest patient satisfaction

Inhibitory actions of hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, and folic acid on the ultraviolet light-induced relaxation of the frog upper oesophageal strip

PubMedID: 10985174The applications of ultraviolet (UV) light (336 nm) on the upper oesophageal strips of frog elicited relaxant responses in the presence of NaNO2 (50 µM). The tissues were mounted under the tension 0.5 g in an organ bath containing Ringer solution, maintained at 25 °C and gassed with 100% O2. The responses were recorded on a kymograph via an isotonic lever. Antimegaloblastic agents, including hydroxocobalamin (1, 10, and 100 µM), cyanocobalamin (1, 10, 25, and 100 µM), and folic acid (1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 µM), significantly attenuated the relaxation response to UV light. Folinic acid (1, 10, 25, and 100 µM), however, enhanced the relaxation. Pyrogallol (50 µM), hydroquinone (50 µM), and diethyldithiocarbamic acid (8 mM) were found ineffective for attenuation, though FeSO4 (200, 400, and 500 µM) and hemoglobin (50 µM), respectively, exerted significant inhibition. L-arginine methylester (500 µM) did not impair UV-induced relaxation. Based on these results, we concluded that a mechanism involving undefined action(s) of antimegaloblastic drugs may cause alterations in the UV light-induced relaxation of the tissue used

Effects of vitamin E and sodium selenate on neurogenic and endothelial relaxation of corpus cavernosum in the diabetic mouse

PubMedID: 10856452We studied the effect of vitamin E and sodium selenate treatment on the neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated corpus cavernosum obtained from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Relaxant responses of corpus cavernosum precontracted by phenylephrine to electrical field stimulation and to acetylcholine were significantly decreased in diabetic mice. There was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic groups for the relaxant response of corpus cavernosum to sodium nitroprusside and papaverine. Treatment with sodium selenate, but not vitamin E, partially prevented the impairment of the neurogenic relaxation, whereas both had a significant, partial restorative action on endothelial dysfunction in corpus cavernosum obtained from diabetic groups. Neither agent exhibited a significant action on the relaxant responses of corpus cavernosum obtained from non-diabetic mice. A decrease in the sensitivity of the neurogenic impairment to antioxidant action may develop more rapidly than that of endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.TF.9645The authors wish to thank Dr. Nurten Dikmen and Dr. Handan Aydingülü from the Department of Biochemistry for assistance with the analysis of blood glucose levels. We are indebted to Çukurova University Experimental Research Center (TIPDAM) for the supply of mice. This work was supported by the Çukurova University Research Foundation (TF.9645)

A possible role of S-nitrosothiols at the nitrergic relaxations in the mouse corpus cavernosum

PubMedID: 9851545Relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation and acetylcholine were compared with those induced by acidified sodium nitrite, sodium nitroprusside, S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine in the mouse corpus cavernosum precontracted with phenylephrine. N(G)-nitro-l-arginine inhibited electrical field stimulation- or acetylcholine-induced relaxation, but was ineffective on relaxations caused by the other stimuli. Hydroquinone and pyrogallol had no inhibitory action on the relaxations caused by any stimulus except acidified sodium nitrite. Incubation of the tissue with diethyldithiocarbamic acid significantly inhibited the relaxations induced by all stimuli except papaverine. In the tissues pre-treated with diethyldithiocarbamic acid, superoxide dismutase, hydroquinone and pyrogallol failed to yield restore or further inhibit the relaxations in response to electrical field stimulation or acetylcholine. LY 83583 (6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione) and hydroxocobalamin clearly inhibited the relaxant responses to electrical field stimulation, acetylcholine, S-nitrosoglutathione and acidified sodium nitrite whereas there was significant enhancement of the relaxation produced by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine. These findings suggest that the relaxant factor released from non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves or endothelial cells in mouse cavernosal tissue may be a superoxide anion-resistant nitric oxide-containing molecule and that S-nitrosoglutathione rather than S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine could be a suitable candidate for this. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.TF-9728This work was supported by the Çukurova University Research Foundation (TF-9728). We are indebted to Çukurova University Experimental Research Center (TIPDAM) for the supply of mice

Pregnancy outcomes in female cancer survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective: This study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the pregnancy outcomes of patients who underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT). We also aimed at determining the reasons for avoiding pregnancy despite prolonged remission. Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of patients who became pregnant after autologous or allogeneic SCT at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtarslan Oncology Hospital between 2009 and 2020 for hematologic diseases. Data from 83 patients who had undergone allogeneic or autologous SCT were available for analysis. A total of 18 pregnancies occurred in 14 of these patients. To compare pregnancy outcomes, pregnant patients who received care at Etlik Zübeyde Hanim Maternity Hospital were selected as the control group. Results: No pregnancy occurred in 69 of the patients whose data were analyzed. Of these 69 patients, 48 (69.6%) did not want to become pregnant. The most common reason for not wanting a pregnancy was due to the fact that the patient was not married [21 patients (30.4%)]. The pregnancy rate was higher in the HL group than in other hematologic malignancies [8 patients (57.1%)]. Twelve (85.7%) of the patients who became pregnant did so after autologous SCT and 2 (14.3%) after allogeneic SCT. The cumulative incidence of obstetric complications was higher in pregnancies after SCT than in the control group, and the prevalence of low birth weight was observed more frequently. Conclusions: Patients who became pregnant after SCT have a higher rate of pregnancy complications. However, these patients achieve similar live birth rates as the healthy population. Many patients have concerns about pregnancy and should be counseled appropriately

Autoxidized Oleic Acid Bifunctional Macro Peroxide Initiators for Free Radical and Condensation Polymerization. Synthesis and Characterization of Multiblock Copolymers

Secilmis Canbay, Hale/0000-0002-3783-8064; Hazer, Baki/0000-0001-8770-805XWOS: 000491549500023TARAMASCOPUSIndex: SCI-E, WOS, ScopusTARAMAWOSAutoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids gives fatty acid macroperoxide initiators containing two functionalities which can lead to free radical and condensation polymerizations in a single pot. The oleic acid macroperoxide initiator obtained by ecofriendly autoxidation (Pole4m) was used in both the free radical polymerization of styrene and the condensation polymerization with amine-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEGNH2) to obtain triblock branched graft copolymers. The narrow molar masses of the poly oleic acid-g-styrene (PoleS) and poly oleic acid-g-styrene-g-PEG (PoSG) graft copolymers were successfully obtained. The inclusion of oleic acid decreased the glass transition temperature of the polystyrene segment because of the plasticizing effect of oleic acid. In addition, a mechanical property of the copolymer was improved when compared with the pure PS. Structural characterization, morphology of the fracture surface, micelle formation, thermal analysis and molar masses of the obtained products were also evaluated.Kapadokya University Research Fund [KUN.2018-BAGP-001]; Bulent Ecevit University Research FundBulent Ecevit University [BEU-2017-72118496-01]This work was supported by the Kapadokya University Research Fund (KUN.2018-BAGP-001) and Bulent Ecevit University Research Fund (#BEU-2017-72118496-01). The Authors thank to Koray Alper and Fatih Pekdemir for taking SEM and FTIR spectra, respectively. The Authors thank to Serdar Coban, Sidika Sarac Tabakli and Gulsen Darici (Cilas Kaucuk, Devrek, Zonguldak, Turkey) for taking stress-strain measurements