Categorical Ontology of Complex Systems, Meta-Systems and Theory of Levels: The Emergence of Life, Human Consciousness and Society

Single cell interactomics in simpler organisms, as well as somatic cell interactomics in multicellular organisms, involve biomolecular interactions in complex signalling pathways that were recently represented in modular terms by quantum automata with ‘reversible behavior’ representing normal cell cycling and division. Other implications of such quantum automata, modular modeling of signaling pathways and cell differentiation during development are in the fields of neural plasticity and brain development leading to quantum-weave dynamic patterns and specific molecular processes underlying extensive memory, learning, anticipation mechanisms and the emergence of human consciousness during the early brain development in children. Cell interactomics is here represented for the first time as a mixture of ‘classical’ states that determine molecular dynamics subject to Boltzmann statistics and ‘steady-state’, metabolic (multi-stable) manifolds, together with ‘configuration’ spaces of metastable quantum states emerging from complex quantum dynamics of interacting networks of biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids that are now collectively defined as quantum interactomics. On the other hand, the time dependent evolution over several generations of cancer cells --that are generally known to undergo frequent and extensive genetic mutations and, indeed, suffer genomic transformations at the chromosome level (such as extensive chromosomal aberrations found in many colon cancers)-- cannot be correctly represented in the ‘standard’ terms of quantum automaton modules, as the normal somatic cells can. This significant difference at the cancer cell genomic level is therefore reflected in major changes in cancer cell interactomics often from one cancer cell ‘cycle’ to the next, and thus it requires substantial changes in the modeling strategies, mathematical tools and experimental designs aimed at understanding cancer mechanisms. Novel solutions to this important problem in carcinogenesis are proposed and experimental validation procedures are suggested. From a medical research and clinical standpoint, this approach has important consequences for addressing and preventing the development of cancer resistance to medical therapy in ongoing clinical trials involving stage III cancer patients, as well as improving the designs of future clinical trials for cancer treatments.\ud \ud \ud KEYWORDS: Emergence of Life and Human Consciousness;\ud Proteomics; Artificial Intelligence; Complex Systems Dynamics; Quantum Automata models and Quantum Interactomics; quantum-weave dynamic patterns underlying human consciousness; specific molecular processes underlying extensive memory, learning, anticipation mechanisms and human consciousness; emergence of human consciousness during the early brain development in children; Cancer cell ‘cycling’; interacting networks of proteins and nucleic acids; genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations in cancers, such as colon cancer; development of cancer resistance to therapy; ongoing clinical trials involving stage III cancer patients’ possible improvements of the designs for future clinical trials and cancer treatments. \ud \u

Organismic Supercategories and Qualitative Dynamics of Systems

The representation of biological systems by means of organismic supercategories, developed in previous papers, is further discussed. The different approaches to relational biology, developed by Rashevsky, Rosen and by Baianu and Marinescu, are compared with Qualitative Dynamics of Systems which was initiated by Henri Poincaré (1881). On the basis of this comparison some concrete results concerning dynamics of genetic system, development, fertilization, regeneration, analogies, and oncogenesis are derived

Organismic Supercategories: III. Qualitative Dynamics of Systems

The representation of biological systems by means of organismic supercategories, developed in previous papers, is further discussed. The different approaches to relational biology, developed by Rashevsky, Rosen and by Baianu and Marinescu, are compared with Qualitative Dynamics of Systems which was initiated by Henri Poincaré (1881). On the basis of this comparison some concrete results concerning dynamics of genetic system, development, fertilization, regeneration, analogies, and oncogenesis are derived

The pregnancy rate among Romanian adolescents: an eleven years (2009-–2020) observational, retrospective study from a single center

Objectives: It has been recently documented that Romania has the highest prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Europe. Material and methods: Therefore, the present study aims to offer a conclusive view of the current situation by assessing a series of parameters in the last 11 years. Results: Throughout the present manuscript, we showed that 1788 pregnancies occurred in the last 11 years in just one center from the northeastern region of Romania. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (p < 0.05) performed suggests that gestational age does not follow a normal distribution; an interval during which 899 (50.27%) male and 889 (49.72%) female babies were born. There were a total of 1383 (86.00%) deliveries at full-term and 225 (13.99%) were under 37 weeks. Of 1788 teenage girls, 1467 (82.04%) were from the rural area, whereas 321 (17.95%) from the urban area. Conclusions: Fortunately, one common feature that we observed was that starting from 2017 there was a significant reduction within the last 2 studied parameters, the situation being much more fluctuating until 2014

Biologia Futura: use of biocides during COVID-19-global reshuffling of the microbiota

Aim The article reviews the current usage of biocides during this lockdown period for sanitizing our living areas due to the pandemic and discusses the pros and cons. Subject COVID-19 spread like wildfire to over 200 countries of the world across all continents. The causative agent, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is being counter attacked by a thorough application of disinfectants and sterilants. However, the virus mutated over 30 times during this global pandemic, creating panic and leading to enhanced pathogenicity and consequently to more stringent sanitation measures for controlling it. However, excessive use of different types of biocides for disinfecting surfaces is highly alarming in several cases. Extensive application of biocides affects the microbial flora, leading to an abrupt decrease in the number and diversity of beneficial microbes that may directly affect the functioning of nutrient cycles. Results The increased concentration of biocides in agricultural land via surface water or pond water indirectly affect the soil and water ecosystem, soil aggregation and fertility. This will also lead to the flourishing of resistant strains due to loss of competition from the other species, which fail to persist after prolonged use of biocides. Conclusion It is necessary to realize the environmental impacts of biocides and sterilants. It is the right time to stop their entry into the agricultural ecosystem by following adequate management strategies and complete neutralization

Endometriosis of the postoperative scar, complicated with external bleeding: case report

Introducere. Endometrioza clasic este definită ca prezența țesutului endometrial glandular și stromal în afara cavității uterine. Diagnosticarea preoperatorie a endometriozei cicatricei postoperatorii (ECP) este foarte dificilă, în majoritatea cazurilor fiind confundată cu un infiltrat al cicatricei postoperatorii, cu tumori benigne sau maligne, abces ligatural,granulom, hernie postoperatorie. ECP complicată cu hemoragie externă se prezintă ca extrem de rară, prin ce se explică numărul mic de rapoarte în literatura de specialitate. Material și metode. Prezentarea cazului clinic propriu. Analiza bazei de date Pub Med pe perioada anilor 1987-2017 a inclus cuvintele cheie (MeSH Terms): „bleeding”, „caesarean section scar endometriosis”, „abdominal wall endometriosis”, „scar endometriosis”, „abdominal wall endometrioma”. Identificate 10 cazuri. Rezultate. Prezentăm un caz de ECP, complicat cu hemoragie externă, comparat cu celelalte cazuri similare, descrise până acum în literatură. Concluzii. Sinteza literaturii științifice anglo-saxone constată că hemoragia externă din nodulul endometrial al cicatricei postoperatorii este un fenomen rar, descris, mai frecvent, după operația cezarienă și intervențiile endoscopice. Diagnosticul preoperator al ECP este foarte dificil, deoarece simulează, frecvent, un spectru larg de formațiuni tumorale benigne și maligne, fapt care cere un diagnostic diferențial complex. Investigațiile imagistice (USG + dopplerografia, TC, IMR) au o importanță relevantă în stabilirea preoperatorie a diagnosticului de ECP și contribuie la alegerea tacticii chirurgicale corecte.Introduction. Classical endometriosis is defined as glandular and stromal tissue present outside the uterine cavity. Preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis of the postoperative scar (EPS) is very difficult and in most cases it is confused with an infiltrate of the postoperative scar, with malign or benign tumors, abscess, granuloma, postoperative hernia. EPS com-plicated with external hemorrhage is very rare, which is why few cases are described in literature. Material and methods. Presentation of case report. Data base search in PubMed, on a range between years 1987-2017 using the following key-words: “bleeding”, “caesarean section scar endometriosis”, “abdominal wall endometriosis”, “scar endometriosis”, “abdominal wall endometrioma”. There were 10 cases identified. Results. We present a case of EPS, complicated with external bleeding, compared with other similar cases, described in literature. Conclusions. Anglo-Saxon scientific literature synthesis states that external hemorrhage from the endometrial nodule of the postoperative scar is a rare phenomenon, described most often following caesarian section or endoscopic interventions. Preoperative diagnosis of EPS is very difficult, because it simulates a large number of tumoral formations, both benign and malign, fact that implies a complex differential diagnosis. Imagistic investigations (US +Doppler, CT, MRI) have a relevant importance in order to set a preoperative diagnosis of EPS and contributes to correct decision making

Avaliação de performance de algoritmos de escalonamento em redes LTE

The purpose of this work was to study the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks with a focus on the scheduling mechanisms and to compare these scheduling algorithms in the LTE network simulation software, the software chosen was ns-3. The simulated algorithms were the Proportional Fair (PF), Channel and QoS Aware Scheduler (CQA), Priority Set Scheduler (PSS) and Token Bank Fair Queue Scheduler (TBFQ), all of which were already implemented in the software. To construct the simulation, it was necessary to make a code in C ++ that used the libraries of the simulator, so all the APIs that relate to the simulated models were studied in order to generate the simulation. The simulated scenario considers a network with two types of users, one that requires QoS and another that uses a Best Effort service. The simulation results in the form of text files were processed in MATLAB for data organization and graphing. And, in order to facilitate the execution of the simulations, a bash script was created that simulates each algorithm in an automated way. As shown in the literature, the CQA algorithm was the best performing to guarantee limited delay.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo das redes Long-Term Evolution (LTE) com foco nos mecanismos de escalonamento e realizar uma comparação desses algoritmos de escalonamento em um software de simulação de redes LTE, o software escolhido foi o ns-3. Os algoritmos simulados foram o Proportional Fair (PF), Channel and QoS Aware Scheduler (CQA), Priority Set Scheduler (PSS) e Token Bank Fair Queue Scheduler (TBFQ), todos eles já estavam implementados no software. Para construção da simulação, foi necessário confecção de um código em C++ que usava as bibliotecas do simulador, assim todas as APIs que relacionam aos modelos simulados foram estudadas a fim de gerar a simulação. O cenário simulado considera uma rede com 2 tipos de usuários, um que requer QoS e outro que usa de um serviço Best Effort. Os resultados da simulação na forma de arquivos de texto foram processados no MATLAB® para organização dos dados e confecção dos gráficos. E, a fim de facilitar a execução das simulações, foi criado um bash script que realiza a simulação de cada algoritmo de forma automatizada. Como exposto na literatura, foi o algoritmo CQA o qual obteve melhor desempenho para garantir atraso limitado

Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES) - En oversikt

Bakgrunn: ACNES er en tilstand i bukveggen som ofte oversees og er en viktig differensialdiagnose ved magesmerter. Formålet med oppgaven er å samle eksisterende litteratur om tilstanden i en oversiktsartikkel og på denne måten bidra til å øke kunnskapen hos andre. Materiale og metoder: Oppgaven baserer seg på systematisk litteratursøk via PubMed. I tillegg ble enkelte artikler inkludert via veileder og biveileders artikkelbank, samt ved å se gjennom relevante artiklers referanser. Total 40 artikler ble inkludert. Resultater: Det er estimert at ACNES finnes hos mellom 5-30% av de med kroniske magesmerter henvist til spesialistklinikker, 3,6% av de med en funksjonell magesykdom, samt 2% av de som presenterer seg med magesmerter i akuttmottaket. Tilstanden rammer alle aldre og kvinner i større grad (3-4:1). Patofysiologien er ikke fullstendig forstått, men det antas at terminale grener av intercostalnervene blir klemt av i forløpet gjennom rectusmuskelen og dens fascieblader. Smerter er pasientens hovedplage, ofte intense, med hyppigste lokalisasjon i høyre nedre kvadrant. Diagnosen stilles gjennom en kombinasjon av anamnese, grundig klinisk undersøkelse og forsøksvis lindring ved injeksjon av lokalanestetikum i bukveggen. ACNES behandles hovedsakelig med to intervensjonsalternativer; triggerpunktinjeksjoner (TPI) av lokalanestetikum og/eller nevrektomi. Andre intervensjonsalternativer er også beskrevet. TPI gir lindring av smertene kun en kort periode for majoriteten, og for en liten andel er behandling effektiv også på lang sikt uten behov for videre behandling. Kirurgi er effektivt for om lag 2/3 av pasientene i det lange løp. Konklusjon: ACNES er en relativt vanlig, men dessverre ofte oversett tilstand til magesmerter. Patofysiologien er ufullstendig forstått. Tilstanden diagnostiseres ved hjelp av anamnese, klinisk undersøkelse og injeksjon av lokalanestetikum i bukveggen. ACNES kan behandles effektivt i et stegvis regime av en eller flere TPI etterfulgt av kirurgi for de uten effekt. Andre alternativer finnes også

Philo-Germanism without Germans. Memory, Identity, and Otherness in Post-1989 Romania

The recent history of the German minority in Romania is marked by its mass migration from Romania to Germany, starting roughly in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War and reaching its climax in the early 1990s, following the fall of Communism. Against this background, the present thesis investigates a phenomenon that can be termed “philo-Germanism without Germans”, arguing that the way the German minority in Romania is represented in a wide array of discourses is best comprehended if placed in a theoretical framework in which concepts such as “self-Orientalism”, “intimate colonization” and other related ones play a key role. This dissertation departs from the existence of predominantly positive representations of Germanness in Romanian society. Furthermore, by examining a series of post-1989 Romanian identification/memory discourses, originating from three different discursive fields (politics, mass-media, historiography), it argues that the underlying reasons for this prestige are strongly connected with Romanian Europeanizing endeavours. In other words, the dissertation maintains that “loving the Germans” in post-1989 Romania is strongly connected with the production and reproduction of symbolic geographies aiming to discursively insert Romania into what is perceived to be the “civilized” Western/European World. Thus, Germans in Romania, former 12th and 18th century colonists, become actually a resource for Europeanness, a way of emphasizing Romania’s European belonging. They are “cultural Others”, possessing “all that we lack”, embraced in Romania with “love, ardour, and desire”, a clear case of discursive “selfcolonization”