Análisis de la evolución del extractivismo minero en el Perú

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza los modelos económicos extractivista y neoextractivista asociados al neoliberalismo y posneoliberalismo y que han sido adoptados en muchos de los países latinoamericanos. A través de un análisis teórico se describe y analiza, académicamente, los conceptos de conflicto social, extractivismo y desarrollo sostenible con el objetivo de comprender mejor la relación presente entre el incremento de los conflictos sociales y la evolución del modelo económico extractivista peruano. La investigación realizada demuestra la existencia de una relación entre el incremento de los conflictos sociales y el modelo extractivista en el Perú que se explicaría principalmente por la consolidación del modelo neoliberal en el país y que se enmarca en la teoría de acumulación por despojo y en la maldición de los recursos naturales como consecuencia de mantener hasta la actualidad una economía dependiente de la explotación de los recursos naturales.This research examines the extractivism and neo-extractivism as economic models associated with neoliberalism and postneoliberalism and which have been adopted in many of the Latin American countries. Through a theoretical examination, the concepts of social conflict, extractivism and sustainable development are described and analyzed academically in order to better understand the relationship between the increase in social conflicts and the evolution of the Peruvian extractivist economic model. The research demonstrates the existence of a relationship between the increase in social conflicts and the extractivist model in Peru that is mainly explained by the consolidation of the neoliberal model in the country and that is framed in the theory of accumulation by dispossession and the curse of natural resources as a result of maintaining until now an economy dependent on the exploitation of natural resources.Trabajo de investigació

ADAMTSL2 gene variant in patients with features of autosomal dominant connective tissue disorders

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Steinle, J, Hossain, WA, Lovell, S, Veatch, OJ, Butler, MG. ADAMTSL2 gene variant in patients with features of autosomal dominant connective tissue disorders. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2021; 185A: 743– 752. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.62030, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.62030. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) consists of a heterogeneous group of genetically inherited connective tissue disorders. A family with three affected members over two generations with features of Dermatosparaxic EDS (dEDS) autosomal dominant transmission was reported by Desai et al. and having a heterozygous nonsynonymous missense variant of ADAMTSL2 (c.1261G > A; p. Gly421Ser). Variation in this gene is also reported to cause autosomal recessive geleophysic dysplasia. We report five unrelated patients with the Gly421Ser variant identified from a large series of patients presenting with features of connective tissue disorders, each with a positive family history consistent with autosomal dominant transmission. Clinical features of a connective tissue disorder included generalized joint hypermobility and pain with fragility of internal and external tissues including of skin, dura, and arteries. Overall, our analyses including bioinformatics, protein modeling, and gene-protein interactions with the cases described would add evidence for the Gly421Ser variant in ADAMTSL2 as causative for variable expressivity of autosomal dominant connective tissue disorders

A Photometric System for Detection of Water and Methane Ices on Kuiper Belt Objects

We present a new near-infrared photometric system for detection of water ice and methane ice in the solar system. The system consists of two medium-band filters in the K-band region of the near-infrared, which are sensitive to water ice and methane ice, plus continuum observations in the J-band and Y-band. The primary purpose of this system is to distinguish between three basic types of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) --- those rich in water ice, those rich in methane ice, and those with little absorbance. In this work, we present proof-of-concept observations of 51 KBOs using our filter system, 21 of which have never been observed in the near-IR spectroscopically. We show that our custom photometric system is consistent with previous spectroscopic observations while reducing telescope observing time by a factor of 3. We use our filters to identify Haumea collisional family members, which are thought to be collisional remnants of a much larger body and are characterized by large fractions of water ice on their surfaces. We add 2009 YE7 to the Haumea collisional family based on our water ice band observations(J-H2O = -1.03 +/- 0.27) which indicate a high amount of water ice absorption, our calculated proper orbital elements, and the neutral optical colors we measured, V-R = 0.38 +/- 0.04, which are all consistent with the rest of the Haumea family. We identify several objects dynamically similar to Haumea as being distinct from the Haumea family as they do not have water ice on their surfaces. In addition, we find that only the largest KBOs have methane ice, and we find that Haumea itself has significantly less water ice absorption than the smaller Haumea family members. We find no evidence for other families in the Kuiper Belt.Comment: 38 pages, 7 figure

Histologic Alterations from Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in High‐Grade Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Clinicopathological Correlation

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139918/1/onco0451.pd

Star Architects, Urban Spectacles and Global Brands: Exploring the Case of the Tokyo Olympics 2020

Olympic stadia are often regarded as a political showcase involving a range of influences: the host nation’s international politics, the interests of transnational capitalism along with site-specific meanings and the power of iconic architecture. By examining the 2020 Tokyo Olympic main stadium as a case study, the paper analyzes the controversial Zaha Hadid’ stadium plan in relation to the Japanese nation branding initiative. In doing so, the paper argues that ‘branding’ should be seen as part of an economic and cultural system which seems to enhance the global value of iconic architects and their buildings. Yet, the power of brands can be understood as a contingent entity. This is because its ambivalenct nature entails a tension between exclusiveness and banality; additionally, it could be difficult for branded architects to work across the different regimes of global and local politics; and they are of course also constrained by the logic of neoliberal transnational capitalism. By investigating a major global branded architect, Zaha Hadid and her architecture plan, the paper considers why a new image of Japan could not be adequately created by Hadid’s aesthetics and narratives of the Olympic stadium which should be regarded as a national cultural legacy. The paper then discusses the contested processes of image-making and narrative creation in relation to the representation of Japan in contemporary Olympic culture. The paper concludes with an examination of Kengo Kuma’s architecture language in his 2020 Tokyo Olympics stadium design

HDL Subclass Proteomic Analysis and Functional Implication of Protein Dynamic Change During HDL Maturation

Recent clinical trials reported that increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels does not improve cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesize that HDL proteome dynamics determine HDL cardioprotective functions. In this study, we characterized proteome profiles in HDL subclasses and established their functional connection. Mouse plasma was fractionized by fast protein liquid chromatography, examined for protein, cholesterial, phospholipid and trigliceride content. Small, medium and large (S/M/L)-HDL subclasseses were collected for proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Fifty-one HDL proteins (39 in S-HDL, 27 in M-HDL and 29 in L-HDL) were identified and grouped into 4 functional categories (lipid metabolism, immune response, coagulation, and others). Eleven HDL common proteins were identified in all HDL subclasses. Sixteen, 3 and 7 proteins were found only in S-HDL, M-HDL and L-HDL, respectively. We established HDL protein dynamic distribution in S/M/L-HDL and developed a model of protein composition change during HDL maturation. We found that cholesterol efflux and immune response are essential functions for all HDL particles, and amino acid metabolism is a special function of S-HDL, whereas anti-coagulation is special for M-HDL. Pon1 is recruited into M/L-HDL to provide its antioxidative function. ApoE is incorporated into L-HDL to optimize its cholesterial clearance function. Next, we acquired HDL proteome data from Pubmed and identified 12 replicated proteins in human and mouse HDL particle. Finally, we extracted 3 shared top moleccular pathways (LXR/RXR, FXR/RXR and acute phase response) for all HDL particles and 5 top disease/bio-functions differentially related to S/M/L-HDL subclasses, and presented one top net works for each HDL subclass. We conclude that beside their essencial functions of cholesterol efflux and immune response, HDL aquired antioxidative and cholesterol clearance functions by recruiting Pon1 and ApoE during HDL maturation

Ultrafast optical generation of coherent phonons in CdTe1-xSex quantum dots

We report on the impulsive generation of coherent optical phonons in CdTe0.68Se0.32 nanocrystallites embedded in a glass matrix. Pump probe experiments using femtosecond laser pulses were performed by tuning the laser central energy to resonate with the absorption edge of the nanocrystals. We identify two longitudinal optical phonons, one longitudinal acoustic phonon and a fourth mode of a mixed longitudinal-transverse nature. The amplitude of the optical phonons as a function of the laser central energy exhibits a resonance that is well described by a model based on impulsive stimulated Raman scattering. The phases of the coherent phonons reveal coupling between different modes. At low power density excitations, the frequency of the optical coherent phonons deviates from values obtained from spontaneous Raman scattering. This behavior is ascribed to the presence of electronic impurity states which modify the nanocrystal dielectric function and, thereby, the frequency of the infrared-active phonons

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: Results with X-Shooter

X-Shooter is the first second-generation instrument for the ESO-VLT. It as a spectrograph covering the 300 - 2480 nm spectral range at once with a high resolving power. These properties enticed us to observe (136199) Eris during the science verification of the instrument. The target has numerous absorption features in the optical and near-infrared domain which has been observed by different authors, showing differences in their positions and strengths. We attempt at constraining the existence of super-volatiles, e.g., CH4, CO and N2, and in particular try to understand the physical-chemical state of the ices on Eris' surface. We observed Eris in the 300-2480 nm range and compared the newly obtained spectra with those available in the literature. We identified several absorption features, measuring their positions and depth and compare them with those of reflectance of pure methane ice obtained from the optical constants of this ice at 30 K to study shifts in their positions and find a possible explanation for their origin. We identify several absorption bands in the spectrum all consistent with the presence of CH4 ice. We do not identify bands related with N2 or CO. We measured the central wavelengths of the bands and find variable shifts, with respect to the spectrum of pure CH4 at 30 K. Conclusions. Based on these wavelength shifts we confirm the presence of a dilution of CH4 in other ice on the surface of Eris and the presence of pure CH4 spatially segregated. The comparison of the centers and shapes of these bands with previous works suggest that the surface is heterogeneous. The absence of the 2160 nm band of N2 can be explained if the surface temperature is below 35.6 K, the transition temperature between the alpha and beta phases of this ice. Our results, including the reanalysis of data published elsewhere, point to an heterogeneous surface on Eris.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure