OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN RAT ORAL MUCOSAL MITOCHONDRIA

Oral mucosal mitochondria were isolated and characterized morphologically by electron microscopy. Polarographic measurements were made of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial preparations. ADP:O ratios approaching or slightly exceeding the theoretical maxima and stabilized respiratory control ratios were achieved with malate + glutamate, succinate and ascorbate- N,N,N1N1 tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) as substrates. Inhibition by rotenone, antimycin A, azide, and cyanide established the classical electron transport chain as the major pathway of mitochondrial respiration. Respiration of the oral mucosal mitochondria was stimulated by DNP in the presence of succinate. DNP-stimulated respiration exceeded that observed in the presence of ADP plus Pi and increasing the concentration of DNP progressively inhibited respiration

Arthroscopic evaluation of the ACL double bundle structure

In order to describe the arthroscopic presence of the double bundle structure and to evaluate the value of different portals in knee arthroscopy, we assessed the AM and PL bundle anatomy. We prospectively examined the knees of 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for pathology unrelated to the ACL. Arthroscopy was performed in a two portal technique using an anterolateral (ALP) and an anteromedial (AMP) portal. With the arthroscope in the ALP, we could distinguish an AM and PL bundle in 28%. Switching the arthroscope to the AMP, differentiation of the bundles was possible in 67%. In all remaining cases visualization of the PL bundle was possible after retraction of the AM bundle. Use of AMP increased visualization of the PL bundle. It seems reasonable to perform arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction with the arthroscope in the AMP and to establish an additional medial working portal to increase the visualization of the femoral ACL insertion sites for optimal femoral tunnel placement

Dental management considerations for the patient with an acquired coagulopathy. Part 1: Coagulopathies from systemic disease

Current teaching suggests that many patients are at risk for prolonged bleeding during and following invasive dental procedures, due to an acquired coagulopathy from systemic disease and/or from medications. However, treatment standards for these patients often are the result of long-standing dogma with little or no scientific basis. The medical history is critical for the identification of patients potentially at risk for prolonged bleeding from dental treatment. Some time-honoured laboratory tests have little or no use in community dental practice. Loss of functioning hepatic, renal, or bone marrow tissue predisposes to acquired coagulopathies through different mechanisms, but the relationship to oral haemostasis is poorly understood. Given the lack of established, science-based standards, proper dental management requires an understanding of certain principles of pathophysiology for these medical conditions and a few standard laboratory tests. Making changes in anticoagulant drug regimens are often unwarranted and/or expensive, and can put patients at far greater risk for morbidity and mortality than the unlikely outcome of postoperative bleeding. It should be recognised that prolonged bleeding is a rare event following invasive dental procedures, and therefore the vast majority of patients with suspected acquired coagulopathies are best managed in the community practice setting

A characterization of major salivary gland flow rates in the presence of medications and systemic diseases

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of medications and systemic diseases on major salivary gland flow rates. Unstimulated and 2% citrate-stimulated parotid and submandibular salivas were collected from 293 subjects of the oral physiology component of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The influence of the number of medications and diseases on salivary flow rates was determined by separate one-way ANOVA tests. There was an overall decrease in both parotid and submandibular flow rates with increasing numbers of medications and systemic diseases. However, this was significant (p < 0.05) only for unstimulated submandibular flow rates (with increasing numbers of systemic diseases) and stimulated submandibular flow rates (with increasing numbers of systemic diseases and medications). Unstimulated flow rates rapidly approached zero with increasing numbers of medications and diseases. These results suggest that the submandibular gland may be more sensitive to physiologic permutations than the parotid gland. In addition, individuals being treated for multiple systemic diseases and taking numerous medications may be more susceptible to salivary hypofunction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30580/1/0000217.pd