Detecting and characterizing lateral phishing at scale

We present the first large-scale characterization of lateral phishing attacks, based on a dataset of 113 million employee-sent emails from 92 enterprise organizations. In a lateral phishing attack, adversaries leverage a compromised enterprise account to send phishing emails to other users, benefit-ting from both the implicit trust and the information in the hijacked user's account. We develop a classifier that finds hundreds of real-world lateral phishing emails, while generating under four false positives per every one-million employee-sent emails. Drawing on the attacks we detect, as well as a corpus of user-reported incidents, we quantify the scale of lateral phishing, identify several thematic content and recipient targeting strategies that attackers follow, illuminate two types of sophisticated behaviors that attackers exhibit, and estimate the success rate of these attacks. Collectively, these results expand our mental models of the 'enterprise attacker' and shed light on the current state of enterprise phishing attacks

Symmetry as a new element to control molecular switches

The isomerization properties of an azocarbazole macrocycle in solution were investigated utilizing NMR spectroscopy with in situ irradiation in combination with DFT calculations. It was demonstrated that the position of azo units in a rigid macrocyclic system influences the photoisomerization pathway even if the initial all-E isomer is highly symmetric. Furthermore, the effect of ring strain on lowering the rates of thermal isomerization was demonstrated and a mechanism via an inversion-rotation proposed. The herein presented results and methods give new insights into the general nature of the azobenzene unit. In particular we illustrate the effect of symmetry changes due to macrocyclic arrangement on the photochemical and thermal isomerization properties, which will stimulate future development towards multinary molecular switches

Folk Communities in Translation: Salvage Primitivism and Edward Sapir’s French-Canadian Folk Songs

Today, Edward Sapir (1884-1939) is best remembered for his contributions to Boasian cultural anthropology and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. What is less well-known is that he also wrote and published poetry, a passion that he shared with fellow students of Boas such as Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict. His poetic output is distinguished, however, by experiments in a wide variety of forms: from sonnets to brief quasi-imagist vignettes, from children’s poems to translations of folk songs. In this chapter, we focus on four of his renditions of popular French-Canadian folk songs, which were published in the July 1920 issue of Poetry. After being awarded with an honorable mention from the magazine, he published three more folk songs in Queen's Quarterly (1922) and co-authored, with Marius Barbeau, the anthology Folk Songs of French Canada (Yale UP, 1925). Sapir's interest in the cultural practices of folk communities--practices that are also popular in a second sense of the term (produced by the people for the people)--links up with his studies of Native American languages, both of which are driven by a desire to preserve for posterity cultures perceived as giving way to the pressures of modernization, and a broader search for authenticity that energized the modernist movement and prompted Poetry magazine to devote its February 1917 issue to ‘aboriginal poetry’, that is, interpretations of Native American songs by Anglo-American writers. Sapir's "Note on French-Canadian Folk-songs" thus emphasizes that "the great currents of modern civilization have, until recent days, left practically unaffected this colony of old France [Quebec], where the folk still observe customs, use implements, recite tales, and sing songs that take us right back to the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries." In Sapir's versatile hands, salvage anthropology and literary primitivism go hand in hand. This chapter analyzes Sapir's versions of French-Canadian folk-songs from the transnational perspective that has reshaped American Studies since the 1990s. In crossing linguistic, national, generic, and medial boundaries, these poems bring into contact a variety of communal sites and practices, including early modern European songs, the popular realm of twentieth-century French-Canadian folk culture, and the literary community of the editors, contributors, and readers of the little magazines where modernism happened. Our chapter inquires into the epistemological and political ramifications of the various translations that take place as sounds are converted into texts and one language into another

Bidentate Lewis Acid Catalyzed Domino Diels-Alder Reaction of Phthalazine for the Synthesis of Bridged Oligocyclic Tetrahydronaphthalenes

A domino process consisting of an inverse and a normal electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction is presented for the formation of bridged tri- and tetracyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes catalyzed by a bidentate Lewis acid. The products were synthesized in a one-pot reaction from commercially available starting materials and contain up to six stereogenic centers. The tetrahydronaphthalenes were isolated as single diastereomers and are derivatives of phenylethylamine, which is well-known as a scaffold of amphetamine or dopamine

Assembly of alpha-synuclein and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system of heterozygous M83 mice following the peripheral administration of alpha-synuclein seeds

Peripheral administration (oral, intranasal, intraperitoneal, intravenous) of assembled A53T α-synuclein induced synucleinopathy in heterozygous mice transgenic for human mutant A53T α-synuclein (line M83). The same was the case when cerebellar extracts from a case of multiple system atrophy with type II α-synuclein filaments were administered intraperitoneally, intravenously or intramuscularly. We observed abundant immunoreactivity for pS129 α-synuclein in nerve cells and severe motor impairment, resulting in hindlimb paralysis and shortened lifespan. Filaments immunoreactive for pS129 α-synuclein were in evidence. A 70% loss of motor neurons was present five months after an intraperitoneal injection of assembled A53T α-synuclein or cerebellar extract with type II α-synuclein filaments from an individual with a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Microglial cells changed from a predominantly ramified to a dystrophic appearance. Taken together, these findings establish a close relationship between the formation of α-synuclein inclusions in nerve cells and neurodegeneration, accompanied by a shift in microglial cell morphology. Propagation of α-synuclein inclusions depended on the characteristics of both seeds and transgenically expressed protein

Assembly of α-synuclein and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system of heterozygous M83 mice following the peripheral administration of α-synuclein seeds.

Peripheral administration (oral, intranasal, intraperitoneal, intravenous) of assembled A53T α-synuclein induced synucleinopathy in heterozygous mice transgenic for human mutant A53T α-synuclein (line M83). The same was the case when cerebellar extracts from a case of multiple system atrophy with type II α-synuclein filaments were administered intraperitoneally, intravenously or intramuscularly. We observed abundant immunoreactivity for pS129 α-synuclein in nerve cells and severe motor impairment, resulting in hindlimb paralysis and shortened lifespan. Filaments immunoreactive for pS129 α-synuclein were in evidence. A 70% loss of motor neurons was present five months after an intraperitoneal injection of assembled A53T α-synuclein or cerebellar extract with type II α-synuclein filaments from an individual with a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Microglial cells changed from a predominantly ramified to a dystrophic appearance. Taken together, these findings establish a close relationship between the formation of α-synuclein inclusions in nerve cells and neurodegeneration, accompanied by a shift in microglial cell morphology. Propagation of α-synuclein inclusions depended on the characteristics of both seeds and transgenically expressed protein

Cyclotetraazocarbazole – a multichromic molecule

A macrocyclic cyclotetraazocarbazole was prepared. Surprisingly, during the investigation of its photochromic behavior a drastic color change from yellow to green upon irradiation in chlorinated solvents was observed, which was temperature dependent and could also be induced by acid/base addition. With these three inputs an integrated molecular logic gate including an OR, a NOT and an AND function was build