The Effects of Exercise Enjoyment and Personality on Mood and Salivary Cortisol with Exercise Activity

The benefits of exercise are extensive; however, the majority of people do not participate in regular exercise. The problems with adherence may be due to personality factors and/or the of enjoyment of exercise. A pilot study was performed with the purpose of examining the relationship between exercise enjoyment and activity and to provide data for the validation of an enjoyment scale. The purpose of the main study was to examine the relationships between exercise enjoyment, exercise activity, personality, mood, and salivary cortisol as well as the differences between the variables mentioned. Fifty-three students participated (22 male, 31 female; 11 sedentary, 20 moderately active, 22 highly active) by filling out surveys, rendering saliva samples, and riding a bicycle for 30 minutes. All participants kept their heart rates at a moderate level and perceived the exercise portion as moderate. Results indicated that exercise enjoyment was positively related to physical activity and that females exercised less often than males. The broad personality traits of Extroversion and Conscientiousness were positively related to enjoyment with Neuroticism only showing a negative trend. Extroversion was positively related and Neuroticism was negatively related to physical activity level. Extroversion predicted enjoyment and activity levels. The specific personality trait of Work Drive was not related to enjoyment and only approached significance with physical activity. Some factors of mood improved with exercise (Revitalization increased and Physical Exhaustion decreased) while other factors of mood showed no relationship to exercise (Tranquility and Positive Engagement). Activity level did not moderate cortisol levels. For all participants, cortisol levels increased from baseline to after the bike ride and continued to increase 20 minutes later. Cortisol was not related to any broad personality traits. Work Drive predicted cortisol levels after the bike ride, but other results did not support the overall relationship between Work Drive and cortisol levels. Overall, the study supports the connections between enjoyment and activity, personality and activity, personality and enjoyment, exercise and cortisol, and mood and activity. The methods are reviewed and the implications of the findings are discussed

Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior

This open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally

Development and analysis of a high fidelity linearized J₂ model for satellite formation flying

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).by Samuel A. Schweighart.S.M

„Komfortzone“ Mittelschicht?

Umfragedaten zeigen für den Zeitraum 1993 bis 2016, dass sich die überwiegende Mehrheit der Österreicher/-innen der oberen gesellschaftlichen Hälfte zugehörig fühlt und diese Selbsteinschätzung über die Zeit zugenommen hat. Diesem Trend widersprechend ist im selben Zeitraum die Einkommens- und Vermögensungleichheit gestiegen sowie die Realeinkommen einiger Bevölkerungsgruppen und die Bildungserträge gesunken sind. Unter Bezugnahme auf klassische Schichtungstheorien geht der Beitrag deshalb der Frage nach, welche Faktoren die subjektive soziale Position der Österreicher/-innen beeinflussen. Die Analysen basieren auf repräsentativen Umfragedaten des Sozialen Survey Österreich und des International Social Survey Programme. Unsere Befunde zeigen zu allen Zeitpunkten einen Einfluss der Bildung und des Einkommens auf die subjektive soziale Position. Besonders auffallend sind ein Plateaueffekt des Haushaltseinkommens und ein sinkender Einfluss des Bildungsgrads

Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior

This open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally

Concordance of self- and informant-rated depressive symptoms in nursing home residents with Dementia: cross-sectional findings

Background: Depression is highly prevalent in nursing home residents living with moderate to severe dementia. However, assessing depressive symptoms in residents with dementia can be challenging and may vary by rater perspective. We aimed to investigate the concordance of, and factors associated with self- and informant-rated depressive symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from N= 162 nursing home residents with dementia (age: 53-100; 74% women). Self-ratings were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale, while the depression and anxiety items of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory were used for informant-ratings. Cohen's Kappa was calculated to determine the concordance of both measures and of each with antidepressant medication. Multivariate associations with sociodemographic variables, self- and informant-rated quality of life, dementia stage, neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional status and antidepressant medication were analysed with linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations. Results: Concordance between self- and single item informant-rated depressive symptoms was minimal (Cohen's Kappa = .22, p= .02). No concordance was found for self-reported depressive symptoms and the combined informant-rated depression-anxiety score. Self-reported depression was negatively associated with self-rated quality of life (beta=-.32; 95%CI: -.45 to -.19, p< .001), informant-rated quality of life (beta=-.25; 95%CI: -.43 to -.07, p= .005) and functional status (beta=-.16; 95%CI: -.32 to -.01, p= .04), whilst single item informant-rated depression revealed negative associations with informant-rated quality of life (beta =-.32; 95%CI: -.52 to .13, p=.001) and dementia stage (beta=-.31; 95%CI: -.52 to -.10, p = .004). The combined informant-rated depression-anxiety score showed negative associations with self-rated quality of life (beta=-.12; 95%CI: -.22 to -.03, p = .01) and dementia stage (beta = -.37; 95%CI: -.67 to -.07, p= .02) and a positive association with neuropsychiatric symptoms (beta = .30; 95%CI: .10 to .51, p= .004). No concordance was found with antidepressant medication. Conclusions: In line with our expectations, low agreement and unique association patterns were found for both measures. These findings indicate that both instruments address different aspects of depression and underline the need for comprehensive approaches when it comes to detecting signs of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in dementia

Stability and shape analysis of relative equilibrium for three-spacecraft electromagnetic formation

AbstractThe invariant shapes for close formation flying with inter-craft electromagnetic force ensure several potential space applications. However, the 6-DOF relative equilibrium problem has not been systematically investigated. This paper mainly analyzes the invariant shapes of relative equilibrium for the three-spacecraft electromagnetic formation, and studies the families of invariant shape solutions with real and constant magnetic moments as well as their linear stability. The problem is examined based on the full nonlinear coupled dynamic models for collinear and general triangular configurations. The relative equilibrium conditions are analyzed to determine whether an invariant shape do exist, and the corresponding families of invariant shape solutions are identified for static and spinning configurations respectively. Finally, the linear stability of such invariant shapes is numerically discussed, which have shown that most invariant shapes are unstable and controllable

Case Report:Immune dysregulation associated with long-lasting regression of a (pre)leukemic clone

Regression of leukemia in the absence of disease-modifying therapy remains poorly understood, although immunological mechanisms are thought to play a role. Here, we present a unique case of a 17-year-old boy with immune dysregulation and long-lasting regression of a (pre)leukemic clone in the absence of disease-modifying therapy. Using molecular and immunological analyses, we identified bone marrow features associated with disease control and loss thereof. In addition, our case reveals that detection of certain fusion genes with hardly any blasts in the bone marrow may be indicative of an accompanying oncogenic fusion gene, with implications for disease surveillance- and management in future patients.</p