294 research outputs found
Impairment-based assessments for patients with lateral ankle sprain: A systematic review of measurement properties
Study design
Systematic review.
Background and objective
The International Ankle Consortium developed a core outcome set for the assessment of impairments in patients with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) without consideration of measurement properties (MP). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate MPs of assessments for the evaluation of individuals with a history of LAS.
Methods
This systematic review of measurement properties follows PRISMA and COSMIN guidelines. Databases Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were searched for eligible studies (last search: July 2022). Studies on MP of specific tests and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) in patients with acute and history of LAS (>4 weeks post injury) were deemed eligible.
Results
Ten studies of acute LAS and 39 studies of history of LAS patients with a total of 3313 participants met the inclusion criteria. Anterior Drawer Test (ADT) in supine position five days post injury and Reverse Anterolateral Drawer Test are recommended in acute settings in single studies. In the history of LAS patients, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) (4 studies) as a PROM, Multiple Hop (3 studies) and Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBT) (3 studies) for dynamic postural balance testing showed good MPs. No studies investigated pain, physical activity level and gait. Only single studies reported on swelling, range of motion, strength, arthrokinematics, and static postural balance. Limited data existed on responsiveness of the tests in both subgroups.
Conclusion
There was good evidence to support the use of CAIT as PROM, Multiple Hop, and SEBT for dynamic postural balance testing. Insufficient evidence exists in relation to test responsiveness, especially in the acute situation. Future research should assess MPs of assessments of other impairments associated with LAS
Stable transfection of protein kinase C alpha cDNA in hormone-dependent breast cancer cell lines
An inverse relationship between protein kinase C (PKC) activity and oestrogen receptor (ER) expression in human breast cell lines and tumours has been firmly established over the past 10 years. To determine whether specific alterations in PKC expression accompany hormone-independence, we examined the expression of PKC isozymes in the hormone-independent human breast cancer cell clones MCF-7 5C and T47D:C42 compared with their hormone-dependent counterparts, MCF-7 A4, MCF-7 WS8 and T47D:A18 respectively. Both hormone-independent cell clones exhibit elevated PKCĪ± expression and increased basal AP-1 activity compared with the hormone-dependent cell clones. To determine whether PKCĪ± overexpression is sufficient to mediate the hormone-independent phenotype, we stably transfected an expression plasmid containing PKCĪ± cDNA to the T47D:A18 and MCF-7 A4 cell lines. This is the first report of PKCĪ± transfection in T47D cells. In contrast to MCF-7 cells, T47D has the propensity to lose the ER and more readily forms tamoxifen-stimulated tumours in athymic mice. We find that in T47D:A18/PKCĪ± clones, there is concomitant up-regulation of PKC Ī²I and Ī“, whereas in the MCF-7 A4/PKCĪ± transfectants PKC É is up-regulated. In T47D:A18, but not in MCF-7 A4, PKCĪ± stable transfection is accompanied by down-regulation of ER function whilst basal AP-1 activity is elevated. Our results suggest PKCĪ± overexpression may play a role in growth signalling during the shift from hormone dependent to hormone-independent breast cancers. Ā© 2000 Cancer Research Campaig
Numerical schemes for continuum models of reaction-diffusion systems subject to internal noise
We present new numerical schemes to integrate stochastic partial differential
equations which describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of reaction-diffusion
(RD) problems under the effect of internal fluctuations. The schemes conserve
the nonnegativity of the solutions and incorporate the Poissonian nature of
internal fluctuations at small densities, their performance being limited by
the level of approximation of density fluctuations at small scales. We apply
the new schemes to two different aspects of the Reggeon model namely, the study
of its non-equilibrium phase transition and the dynamics of fluctuating pulled
fronts. In the latter case, our approach allows to reproduce quantitatively for
the first time microscopic properties within the continuum model.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review E as
a Rapid Communicatio
Whatās so bad about scientism?
In their attempt to defend philosophy from accusations of uselessness made by prominent scientists, such as Stephen Hawking, some philosophers respond with the charge of āscientism.ā This charge makes endorsing a scientistic stance, a mistake by definition. For this reason, it begs the question against these critics of philosophy, or anyone who is inclined to endorse a scientistic stance, and turns the scientism debate into a verbal dispute. In this paper, I propose a different definition of scientism, and thus a new way of looking at the scientism debate. Those philosophers who seek to defend philosophy against accusations of uselessness would do philosophy a much better service, I submit, if they were to engage with the definition of scientism put forth in this paper, rather than simply make it analytic that scientism is a mistake
Obesity: A Biobehavioral Point of View
Excerpt: If you ask an overweight person, āWhy are you fat?ā, you will, almost invariably, get the answer, āBecause 1 eat too much.ā You will get this answer in spite of the fact that of thirteen studies, six find no significant differences in the caloric intake of obese versus nonobese subjects, five report that the obese eat significantly less than the nonobese, and only two report that they eat significantly more
Accurate stationary densities with partitioned numerical methods for stochastic partial differential equations
We consider the numerical solution, by finite differences, of second-order-in-time stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) in one space dimension. New timestepping methods are introduced by generalising recently-introduced methods for second-order-in-time stochastic differential equations to multidimensional systems. These stochastic methods, based on leapfrog and RungeāKutta methods, are designed to give good approximations to the stationary variances and the correlations in the position and velocity variables. In particular, we introduce the reverse leapfrog method and stochastic RungeāKutta Leapfrog methods, analyse their performance applied to linear SPDEs and perform numerical experiments to examine their accuracy applied to a type of nonlinear SPDE
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