4,919 research outputs found
Vetoing atmospheric neutrinos in a high energy neutrino telescope
We discuss the possibility to suppress downward atmospheric neutrinos in a
high energy neutrino telescope. This can be achieved by vetoing the muon which
is produced by the same parent meson decaying in the atmosphere. In principle,
atmospheric neutrinos with energies TeV and zenith angle up to 60
degree can be vetoed with an efficiency of > 99%. Practical realization will
depend on the depth of the neutrino telescope, on the muon veto efficiency and
on the ability to identify downward moving neutrinos with a good energy
estimation.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
A method for preparing sections of bone without decalcification
The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment (NYTEFOX): investigating the Arctic boundary layer, Svalbard
The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment (NYTEFOX) was a field experiment at the
Ny-Ålesund Arctic site (78.9◦ N, 11.9◦ E) and yielded a unique meteorological data set. These data describe the
distribution of heat, airflows, and exchange in the Arctic boundary layer for a period of 14 d from 26 February
to 10 March 2020. NYTEFOX is the first field experiment to investigate the heterogeneity of airflow and its
transport of temperature, wind, and kinetic energy in the Arctic environment using the fiber-optic distributed
sensing (FODS) technique for horizontal and vertical observations. FODS air temperature and wind speed were
observed at a spatial resolution of 0.127 m and a temporal resolution of 9 s along a 700 m horizontal array at
1 m above ground level (a.g.l.) and along three 7 m vertical profiles. Ancillary data were collected from three
sonic anemometers and an acoustic profiler (minisodar; sodar is an acronym for “sound detection and ranging”)
yielding turbulent flow statistics and vertical profiles in the lowest 300 m a.g.l., respectively. The observations
from this field campaign are publicly available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756836, Huss et al.,
2021) and supplement the meteorological data set operationally collected by the Baseline Surface Radiation
Network (BSRN) at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Spatially resolved simulation of a radio frequency driven micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its effluent
Radio frequency driven plasma jets are frequently employed as efficient
plasma sources for surface modification and other processes at atmospheric
pressure. The radio-frequency driven micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet
(APPJ) is a particular variant of that concept whose geometry allows
direct optical access. In this work, the characteristics of the APPJ
operated with a helium-oxygen mixture and its interaction with a helium
environment are studied by numerical simulation. The density and temperature of
the electrons, as well as the concentration of all reactive species are studied
both in the jet itself and in its effluent. It is found that the effluent is
essentially free of charge carriers but contains a substantial amount of
activated oxygen (O, O and O). The simulation results are
verified by comparison with experimental data
Ferromagnetic Luttinger Liquids
We study weak itinerant ferromagnetism in one-dimensional Fermi systems using
perturbation theory and bosonization. We find that longitudinal spin
fluctuations propagate ballistically with velocity v_m << v_F, where v_F is the
Fermi velocity. This leads to a large anomalous dimension in the spin-channel
and strong algebraic singularities in the single-particle spectral function and
in the transverse structure factor for momentum transfers q ~ 2 Delta/v_F,
where 2 Delta is the exchange splitting.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Evolutionary engineering improves tolerance for replacement jet fuels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Monoterpenes are liquid hydrocarbons with applications ranging from flavor and fragrance to replacement jet fuel. Their toxicity, however, presents a major challenge for microbial synthesis. Here we evolved limonene-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and sequenced six strains across the 200-generation evolutionary time course. Mutations were found in the tricalbin proteins Tcb2p and Tcb3p. Genomic reconstruction in the parent strain showed that truncation of a single protein (tTcb3p(1-989)), but not its complete deletion, was sufficient to recover the evolved phenotype improving limonene fitness 9-fold. tTcb3p(1-989) increased tolerance toward two other monoterpenes (beta-pinene and myrcene) 11- and 8-fold, respectively, and tolerance toward the biojet fuel blend AMJ-700t (10% cymene, 50% limonene, 40% farnesene) 4-fold. tTcb3p(1-989) is the first example of successful engineering of phase tolerance and creates opportunities for production of the highly toxic C-10 alkenes in yeast
Fosmid-based whole genome haplotyping of a HapMap trio child: evaluation of Single Individual Haplotyping techniques
Determining the underlying haplotypes of individual human genomes is an essential, but currently difficult, step toward a complete understanding of genome function. Fosmid pool-based next-generation sequencing allows genome-wide generation of 40-kb haploid DNA segments, which can be phased into contiguous molecular haplotypes computationally by Single Individual Haplotyping (SIH). Many SIH algorithms have been proposed, but the accuracy of such methods has been difficult to assess due to the lack of real benchmark data. To address this problem, we generated whole genome fosmid sequence data from a HapMap trio child, NA12878, for which reliable haplotypes have already been produced. We assembled haplotypes using eight algorithms for SIH and carried out direct comparisons of their accuracy, completeness and efficiency. Our comparisons indicate that fosmid-based haplotyping can deliver highly accurate results even at low coverage and that our SIH algorithm, ReFHap, is able to efficiently produce high-quality haplotypes. We expanded the haplotypes for NA12878 by combining the current haplotypes with our fosmid-based haplotypes, producing near-to-complete new gold-standard haplotypes containing almost 98% of heterozygous SNPs. This improvement includes notable fractions of disease-related and GWA SNPs. Integrated with other molecular biological data sets, this phase information will advance the emerging field of diploid genomics
Steeper Iris Conicity Is Related to a Shallower Anterior Chamber: The Gutenberg Health Study
Purpose. To report the distribution of iris conicity (steepness of the iris cone), investigate associated factors, and test whether pseudophakia allows the iris to sink back. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out. Ophthalmological examination including objective refraction, biometry, noncontact tonometry, and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam®, Oculus) was performed including automated measurement of iris conicity. 3708 phakic subjects, 144 subjects with bilateral and 39 subjects with unilateral pseudophakia were included. Multivariable analyses were carried out to determine independently associated systemic and ocular factors for iris conicity in phakic eyes. Results. Mean iris conicity was 8.28° ± 3.29° (right eyes). Statistical analysis revealed associations between steeper iris conicity and shallower anterior chamber depth, thicker human lens and higher corneal power in multivariable analysis, while older age was related to a flatter iris conicity. Refraction, axial length, central corneal thickness, pupil diameter, and intraocular pressure were not associated with iris conicity. Pseudophakia resulted in a 5.82° flatter iris conicity than in the fellow phakic eyes. Conclusions. Associations indicate a correlation between iris conicity with risk factors for angle-closure, namely, shallower anterior chamber depth and thicker human lens. In pseudophakic eyes, iris conicity is significantly lower, indicating that cataract surgery flattens the iris
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