Problems of Connection : The Critique of Englishness, Empire, and Nationhood in E.M. Forster\u27s A Passage to India, Virginia Woolf\u27s Orlando and George Orwell\u27s England Your England

In the introduction to Modernism and Colonialism: British and Irish Literature, 1899-1939, Richard Begam and Michael Moses state that the “historical and cultural reality of modernism more often then not challenged the prevailing values of English culture, including its most powerful institution, the British Empire” (6). The problem of connection can be considered one of these troubled established ideologies. The English not only promoted relations between those of the same socioeconomic status and cultural upbringing, but actively discouraged connections of any other kind. This value system barred the English from any kind of social or political mobility because connections were continuously made within familiar circles and those that were different were considered off limits. An even larger result of this mentality was the indeterminacy of what it meant to be “English,” as this system denied the shared characteristics of people born and raised within the same country. Through readings of E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and George Orwell’s essay “England Your England,” this thesis explores how the Empire functioned without an emphasis on forming and sustaining relationships within and beyond the boundaries of England, and to also show how these works are in many ways a critique of the imperial system. The larger thematic implications of this thesis seek to examine the various ways these authors defied traditional notions of Englishness and Empire, and to re-negotiate a place for these texts in the Modernist canon as part of a tradition specifically writing on the subjects of colonial critique, and political and ideological renovation

Career Morph: Quantitizing Adversity in Academic Medicine

Many qualitative researchers reject textual conversion based on philosophical grounds although others believe it facilitates pattern recognition and meaning extraction. This article examined interview data from 52 physicians from a large academic medical center regarding work–life balance. Analysis ranked men and women in four career tracks: Clinician-Educator, Clinician-Researcher, Clinician-Practitioner, and residents. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how a qualitatively driven (QUAL→quan) mixed method design illustrated differences between stratified groups. Although many initial codes were similar for men and women, their language was gendered and generational in context of work-life balance. Results indicated that women (and low-status men) expressed fewer strategies to successfully negotiate academic medicine. Quantitizing enhanced the interpretive description of adversity

A Comparison between Markov Switching Zero-inflated and Hurdle Models for Spatio-temporal Infectious Disease Counts

In epidemiological studies, zero-inflated and hurdle models are commonly used to handle excess zeros in reported infectious disease cases. However, they can not model the persistence (from presence to presence) and reemergence (from absence to presence) of a disease separately. Covariates can sometimes have different effects on the reemergence and persistence of a disease. Recently, a zero-inflated Markov switching negative binomial model was proposed to accommodate this issue. We present a Markov switching negative binomial hurdle model as a competitor of that approach, as hurdle models are often also used as alternatives to zero-inflated models for accommodating excess zeroes. We begin the comparison by inspecting the underlying assumptions made by both models. Hurdle models assume perfect detection of the disease cases while zero-inflated models implicitly assume the case counts can be under-reported, thus we investigate when a negative binomial distribution can approximate the true distribution of reported counts. A comparison of the fit of the two types of Markov switching models is undertaken on chikungunya cases across the neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro. We find that, among the fitted models, the Markov switching negative binomial zero-inflated model produces the best predictions and both Markov switching models produce remarkably better predictions than more traditional negative binomial hurdle and zero-inflated models

Die Fachzeitschrift <em>Natur und Landschaft</em> in den Jahren 1920 bis 2010 : eine Inhaltsanalyse zur Ableitung von Naturschutztrends in Deutschland

Seit seiner Begründung im 19. Jahrhundert hat sich der Naturschutz in Deutschland von einem Anliegen des naturinteressierten Bildungsbürgertums zu einem gesellschaftlichen und politischen Handlungsfeld mit globaler Tragweite entwickelt. Auch inhaltlich hat sich der Naturschutz gewandelt. Ausgehend von einem ästhetisch motivierten und konservierenden Schutzansatz, wurde der Naturschutz zunächst um eine gestalterische und soziale Komponente erweitert, bei dem die Nutzung der Natur im Vordergrund steht. Seit den 1970er Jahren bezieht der Naturschutz seine Informationen und Begründungen vornehmlich aus den Naturwissenschaften. Auf diese Weise kann Naturschutz zwar systematischer und wissenschaftlicher betrieben werden, durch die Abkehr von emotionalen Argumentationsmustern hat der Naturschutz jedoch auch mit Akzeptanzproblemen zu kämpfen. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, wie sich Naturschutz im vergangenen Jahrhundert inhaltlich entwickelt hat und welche Themen dabei im Mittelpunkt standen. Als Untersuchungsobjekt dient die Zeitschrift Natur und Landschaft. Sie ist die älteste Naturschutzfachzeitschrift im deutschsprachigen Raum und erscheint seit ihrer Gründung im Jahr 1920 mit einer kleinen Unterbrechung bis heute regelmäßig. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird eine Inhaltsanalyse aller Ausgaben von 1920 bis einschließlich 2010 durchgeführt, bei der sowohl inhaltliche als auch formale Merkmale erhoben werden. Die Untersuchung erlaubt es, die Entwicklung der Zeitschrift sowie die Themenauswahl der Fachartikel im Zeitverlauf nachzuzeichnen und eventuell vorhandene Brüche und Kontinuitäten sowie Trends aufzudecken. Aus der Untersuchung geht hervor, dass sich Natur und Landschaft seit seiner Gründung von einer Hobby-Zeitschrift zu einer vielbeachteten Fachzeitschrift entwickelt hat. Sie ist im Verlauf der Zeit umfangreicher und insgesamt wissenschaftlicher geworden. Es zeigt sich außerdem, dass es einige wenige Themen sind, die immer wieder in den Fachartikeln behandelt werden. Darüber hinaus werden einige Themen über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum hinweg regelmäßig behandelt, während andere Themen nur temporär oder zyklisch auftauchen. Vor diesem Zusammenhang wird auch der Frage nachgegangen, ob die verschiedenen Schriftleiter der Zeitschrift Einfluss auf die Themenstruktur genommen haben. Als Abschluss der Arbeit werden fünf zentrale Trends formuliert, die Aussagen über die inhaltliche und formale Entwicklung des Naturschutzes in Deutschland zulassen

A view-based decision mechanism for rewards in the primate amygdala

Primates make decisions visually by shifting their view from one object to the next, comparing values between objects, and choosing the best reward, even before acting. Here, we show that when monkeys make value-guided choices, amygdala neurons encode their decisions in an abstract, purely internal representation defined by the monkey’s current view but not by specific object or reward properties. Across amygdala subdivisions, recorded activity patterns evolved gradually from an object-specific value code to a transient, object-independent code in which currently viewed and last-viewed objects competed to reflect the emerging view-based choice. Using neural-network modeling, we identified a sequence of computations by which amygdala neurons implemented view-based decision making and eventually recovered the chosen object’s identity when the monkeys acted on their choice. These findings reveal a neural mechanism in the amygdala that derives object choices from abstract, view-based computations, suggesting an efficient solution for decision problems with many objects

COLLECTING EVIDENCE OF GOOD PRACTICE AND LEADERSHIP IN A TUMULTUOUS TIME

GOAL To deliver an outcomes-focused workshop that guides participants in recognising and communicating potential sources of evidence as part of their teaching practice and leadership. BACKGROUND With the increase in education-focused roles around Australia, many tertiary institutions have established new pathways for recognition, reward and progression. However, the wave of new and transitioning tertiary educators in recent times may be unfamiliar with navigating through these new expectations and pathways. Fortunately, there are many commonalities in the reward and recognition processes for tenure, promotion and awards across institutions and a strong, supportive science education community to share experiences and advice! AIMS In this session, we will share our collective experiences and expectations across a range of Australian institutions. We will highlight proactive approaches to the collection and organisation of teaching and leadership evidence in different teaching and service contexts, paying close attention to the challenges posed by the transition to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this workshop, we intend to develop strategies that individual participants may employ to build their teaching and leadership portfolios. Participants from all science disciplines and academic levels are invited. DELIVERABLES Through this workshop we aim to facilitate the following: • A landscape view of commonalities in the awards and academic progression requirements across tertiary institutions; • Tips, tricks and strategies for the collection and organisation of teaching and leadership evidence; • Reflection on your own academic portfolio and plans for future evidence collection. WORKSHOP Introduction (15 minutes) We will begin this workshop by breaking down a few of the key expectations of institutions, including important similarities and differences. The promotion and award experiences of some of our most respected members within the science education community will be shared. Workshop task 1 (30 minutes) Participants will be split into small groups (2-3) to spend a short period of time evaluating the impact of different types of evidence. Coming back together, each group will summarise key points from their discussion.   Communicating your evidence (30 minutes) An important step in communicating your evidence is the consider your own, personal teaching philosophy. Through a short activity, this will be explored before splitting into small groups once more to spend time focused, through key prompts, on dot pointing some evidence of impact of their recent activities. Each member of the group will discuss their own experiences and provide each other with feedback regarding additional evidence they might seek and include. Wrap-up (15 minutes) To conclude, we will come together to once more share this experience with the wider group and discuss where-to from here. A set of tips and tricks for collecting and organising evidence will be provided and discussed

Climate Action In Megacities 3.0

"Climate Action in Megacities 3.0" (CAM 3.0) presents major new insights into the current status, latest trends and future potential for climate action at the city level. Documenting the volume of action being taken by cities, CAM 3.0 marks a new chapter in the C40-Arup research partnership, supported by the City Leadership Initiative at University College London. It provides compelling evidence about cities' commitment to tackling climate change and their critical role in the fight to achieve global emissions reductions