Der Menschenrechtsdiskurs und die Perspektive der Interkulturalität

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit untersucht ausgehend von einer Erörterung des gespaltenen und spaltenden Kulturbegriffs und eine aus dem interkulturell orientierten Philosophieren gewonnene Perspektive der Interkulturalität einnehmend die Strittigkeit der Menschenrechte, die als global und universell gültige Normen konzipiert sind. Dabei widmet sie sich speziell dem Recht auf Entwicklung, das vorrangig als ein soziale und wirtschaftliche Rechte zusammenfassendes Dachrecht oder als internationales Solidaritätsgebot und damit jeweils als ökonomisch bestimmtes Recht betrachtet worden ist. Die Arbeit fragt, welche Rolle „Kultur“ oder „kulturelle Differenz“ in Theorie und Praxis des Rechts auf Entwicklung spielen. Sie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass mithilfe der Perspektive der Interkulturalität zwar erfolgreich zwischen dem Universalitätsanspruch der allgemeinen Menschenrechtsidee und differenten kulturellen Kontexten vermittelt werden kann, sie der Analyse des Rechts auf Entwicklung aber nichts Wesentliches hinzufügt, da dieses von politökonomischen Faktoren bestimmt wird. Diese werden aus interkultureller Perspektive aufgrund der relativen Autonomie von soziokultureller und soziostruktureller Sphäre nicht anders erfasst als aus politökonomischer.The thesis begins with a discussion of the divisions inherent to and emerging from the concept of culture. Adopting a philosophically oriented intercultural perspective, the thesis then examines the contested nature of human rights, which are conceived as globally and universally valid norms. After that, the intercultural perspective is applied to the specific case of the Right to Development, which is usually interpreted as a synthesis right of social and economic rights or as an imperative for international solidarity. In both cases, it is marked as a predominantly economic right, which bears the question how the categories of “culture” or “cultural difference” are dealt with in the theory and politics of the Right to Development. It is argued that the intercultural perspective can successfully mediate between the human rights idea’s claim to universal validity and diverse cultural contexts. However, the perspective fails to add significant insight into the Right to Development. Because of the relative autonomy of the sociocultural and the sociostructural sphere and because of the fact that the Right to Development is indeed primarily shaped by political and economic issues, the conclusions of the intercultural perspective differ only slightly from an analysis informed by political economy

Verflechtungen in der österreichischen Außenwirtschaft

Die Analyse (mit einem "Constant Market Shares" Modell) über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Struktur hat ergeben, dass sich in der österreichischen Außenwirtschaft mit Gütern in den vergangenen Jahren die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit verschlechtert hat. Es zeichnen sich auch strukturelle Probleme ab. Hier erscheint es notwendig, neue Märkte zu erobern und das Produktangebot der internationalen Nachfrageentwicklung anzupassen. Das Ergebnis der Untersuchung (mit vektorautoregressiven Prozessen) über die Zusammenhänge im österreichischen Außenhandel zeigt, dass die Exporte kleiner Dienstleistungsbranchen ein Vielfaches an Warenexporten mit sich ziehen. Signifikante Impulse kommen von der Transportbrache, von den Bau- und Finanzdienstleistungen, den EDV- und Informationsdienstleistungen, den Exporten von Patenten und Lizenzen, den sonstigen unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen und vom Bereich operationales Leasing. Das Ergebnis des Gravitationsmodels ist, dass die österreichische Exportwirtschaft in Länder mit einem hohen Einkommen mehr exportiert, dass eine Verringerung der Distanz um 5 Prozent mit einer Steigerung der Exporte um 5 Prozent gerechnet werden kann und dass die Grenzen innerhalb der EU kaum handelsmindernd sind. Werden Grenzkontrollen vermindert, so wirkt sich dies positiv auf die Reiszeit aus.Competitiveness

Case Study: Smart Maintenance Maturity Assessment as a Starting Point for Achieving Reliability and Safety in the Oil and Gas Industry

Industry 4.0 and Smart Maintenance represent a great opportunity to make manufacturing and maintenance more effective, safer, and reliable. However, they also represent massive change and corresponding challenges for industrial companies, as many different options and starting points have to be weighed and the individual right paths for achieving Smart Maintenance need to be identified. In our paper, we describe our approach to evaluating maintenance organizations in a case study for the oil and gas industry, developing a shared vision for the future, and deriving economical and effective measures. We will demonstrate our approach, by showcasing a specific example from the oil and gas industry, where a need for action on HSE-relevant critical flanges in the company's piping systems was identified. We describe the steps, that were taken to identify the need for action, the specifications of the project and the criticality analysis of the piping system. This resulted in the derivation of a digitalization measure for critical flanges, which was first commercially analyzed and then the flanges were equipped with a continuous monitoring solution. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the performed procedure and the achieved improvements

Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CLXXV [1]. Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Halfsandwich Complexes of Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) with Schiff Bases from 2-(Diphenylphosphino)- benzaldehyde and α-Amino Acid Esters

The reactions of the chlorido-bridged complexes [Cp*M(Cl)(µ-Cl)] 2 (M = Rh, Ir) with Schiff bases (P-N-O) from 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and α-amino acid esters afford the complexes Cp*M(Cl) 2 (P-N-O) in which the ligands function as monodentate P donors (M = Ir) or as bidentate P-N donors (M = Rh). These complexes can be converted into cationic complexes [Cp*M(Cl)(P-N-O)] + with bidentate P-N ligands by treatment with NH 4 PF 6 . The cationic complexes [Cp*M(Cl)(P-N-O)] + Cl − have been detected also in solutions of Cp*M(Cl) 2 (P-N-O). The P-N-coordinated complex [Cp*Rh(Cl)(Ph 2 P-C 6 H 4 -C(H)=N-C(H)(CH 2 Ph)CO 2 Me)] + PF 6 − was characterized by X-ray diffraction. From Cp*M(Cl) 2 (P-N-O) and AgBF 4 or AgPF 6 (molar ratio 1 : 2) the dicationic complexes [Cp*M(P-N-O)] 2+ are formed in which the ester group is also coordinated to the metal atom. The Schiff base from 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and allylglycine ester acts as a tridentate ligand, however with coordination of the C=C allyl group instead of the ester function

Perspektiven der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge: Endbericht ; Studie im Auftrag der Wirtschaftskammer Wien

aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Executive Summary; Einleitung; Abschätzung der zukünftigen Bedeutung der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge; Möglichkeiten der Erweiterung der Anspruchsberechtigten für eine betriebliche Altersvorsorge; Steuerliche Behandlung der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge; Erfolgsbeteiligung von Arbeitnehmern als Instrument der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge; Zusammenfassung; Literaturverzeichnis; Tabellenverzeichnis; Abbildungsverzeichnis

Approaches for assessing the impacts of the Rural Development Programmes in the context of multiple intervening factors

The Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) provides a single framework for monitoring and evaluation of all EU Rural Development Programmes (RDP) in the current programming period (2007-2013). It provides continuity from previous periods and constitutes a significant simplification as regards assessment of results and impacts, while at the same time offering greater flexibility to Member States. The European Evaluation Network for Rural Development has published a Working Paper on Approaches for assessing the impacts of the Rural Development Programmes in the context of multiple intervening factors. The aim of the Working Paper is to inspire and to encourage programme evaluators, not to restrict or constrain them. From a methodological perspective, the three common socio-economic impact indicators of the CMEF (economic growth, employment creation, labour productivity) are more closely related than the four common environmental impact indicators (reversing biodiversity decline, maintenance of High Nature Value faming and forestry, improvement in water quality, contribution to combating climate change).assessment of impacts, Rural Development Programmes, policy evaluation, EU policy, Agricultural and Food Policy,

Defective thrombus formation in mice lacking coagulation factor XII

Blood coagulation is thought to be initiated by plasma protease factor VIIa in complex with the membrane protein tissue factor. In contrast, coagulation factor XII (FXII)–mediated fibrin formation is not believed to play an important role for coagulation in vivo. We used FXII-deficient mice to study the contributions of FXII to thrombus formation in vivo. Intravital fluorescence microscopy and blood flow measurements in three distinct arterial beds revealed a severe defect in the formation and stabilization of platelet-rich occlusive thrombi. Although FXII-deficient mice do not experience spontaneous or excessive injury-related bleeding, they are protected against collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism. Infusion of human FXII into FXII-null mice restored injury-induced thrombus formation. These unexpected findings change the long-standing concept that the FXII-induced intrinsic coagulation pathway is not important for clotting in vivo. The results establish FXII as essential for thrombus formation, and identify FXII as a novel target for antithrombotic therapy

Full Characterization of the Bunch-Compressor Dipoles for FLUTE

The Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment (FLUTE) is a KIT-operated linac-based test facility for accelerator research and development as well as a compact, ultra-broadband and short-pulse terahertz (THz) source. As a key component of FLUTE, the bunch compressor (chicane) consisting of four specially designed dipoles will be used to compress the 40-50 MeV electron bunches after the linac down to single fs bunch length. The maximum vertical magnetic field of the dipoles reach 0.22 T, with an effective length of 200 mm. The good field region is ±40 mm and ±10.5 mm in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. The latest measurement results of the dipoles in terms of field homogeneity, excitation and field reproducibility within the good field regions will be reported, which meet the predefined specifications. The measured 3D magnetic field distributions have been used to perform beam dynamics simulations of the bunch compressor. Effects of the real field properties on the beam dynamics, which are different from that of the ASTRA built-in dipole field, will be discussed

RF-Separated Beam Project for the M2 Beam Line at CERN

Within the framework of the Physics Beyond Colliders initiative at CERN, discussions are underway on the feasibility of producing radio-frequency (RF) separated beams for Phase-2 of the AMBER experiment at the M2 beam line in the North experimental area of the CERN SPS. The technique of RF separation is applied to enrich the content of a certain particle type within a beam consisting of different species at the same momentum. It relies on the fact that each particle type has a different velocity, decreasing with rest mass. The successor of the COMPASS experiment, AMBER, requires for its Phase-2 measurements high-intensity, high-purity kaon (and antiproton) beams, which cannot be delivered with the currently existing conventional M2 beam line. The present contribution introduces the principle of RF separation and explains its dependence on different parameters of beam optics and hardware. The first examination of potential showstoppers for the RF-separated beam implementation is presented, based on the particle production rates, beam line transmission for specific optics settings, limitations for overall beam intensity and purity posed by beam line acceptance and radiation protection. Different beam optics settings have been examined, providing either focused or parallel beams inside the RF cavities. The separation and transmission capability of the different optics settings for realistic characteristics of RF cavities are discussed and the preliminary results of the potential purity and intensity of the RF-separated beam are presented. They illustrate the high importance of an RF-separated kaon beam for many of the AMBER Phase-2 data taking programs, such as spectroscopy, prompt-photon production, Primakoff reactions and kaon charge-radius measurement

Targeting coagulation factor XII provides protection from pathological thrombosis in cerebral ischemia without interfering with hemostasis

Formation of fibrin is critical for limiting blood loss at a site of blood vessel injury (hemostasis), but may also contribute to vascular thrombosis. Hereditary deficiency of factor XII (FXII), the protease that triggers the intrinsic pathway of coagulation in vitro, is not associated with spontaneous or excessive injury-related bleeding, indicating FXII is not required for hemostasis. We demonstrate that deficiency or inhibition of FXII protects mice from ischemic brain injury. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, the volume of infarcted brain in FXII-deficient and FXII inhibitor–treated mice was substantially less than in wild-type controls, without an increase in infarct-associated hemorrhage. Targeting FXII reduced fibrin formation in ischemic vessels, and reconstitution of FXII-deficient mice with human FXII restored fibrin deposition. Mice deficient in the FXII substrate factor XI were similarly protected from vessel-occluding fibrin formation, suggesting that FXII contributes to pathologic clotting through the intrinsic pathway. These data demonstrate that some processes involved in pathologic thrombus formation are distinct from those required for normal hemostasis. As FXII appears to be instrumental in pathologic fibrin formation but dispensable for hemostasis, FXII inhibition may offer a selective and safe strategy for preventing stroke and other thromboembolic diseases