Arquitetura de Cyperus giganteus Vahl (Cyperaceae)

Resum

Let's Talk About Gender: The Parental Use of Generic Language to Promote Anti-Transgender Prejudice

The verbal language we use in our daily interactions embodies our social beliefs, promotes our prejudices, and provides us with context for our everyday cognitions (DeFranza, Mishra, & Mishra, 2020; Gelman, Taylor, Nyugen, Leaper & Bigler, 2004). Generic language, such as the phrase “girls play with dolls”, creates expectations about social categories and causes us to categorize individuals as members of specific social groups (Reiter & Frank, 2010). Previous literature has recognized verbal language as an instrument for conveying gender essentialist beliefs, specifically through the use of generics (Gelman et al., 2004). The present study explores the use of generic language and gender essentialism in parent-child conversations to better understand the transmission and maintenance of these prejudicial attitudes and beliefs. Does the specific language that parents use with their children exhibit their own prejudicial attitudes towards transgender individuals? In a two-part study, 191 parent-child dyads were tasked to discuss gendered activities depicted in a picture-book. Parents were additionally prompted to complete the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (TABS), a three-dimensional explicit prejudice measure regarding their attitudes towards transgender individuals; final N = 82 (Kanamori, Cornelius-White, Pegors, Daniel & Hulgus, 2017). Results reveal a significant link between parents’ use of generic language and their own anti-transgender prejudices. Correlational results indicate an inverse relationship between parents’ proportion of utterances with a generic and their positive attitudes towards transgender individuals

How Productivity and Compositionality May Emerge from a Neural Dynamics ofPerceptual Grounding

The productivity and compositionality of language and thought have often been taken as evidence that higher cognitionis a form of information processing on systems of symbols with combinatorial syntax and semantics. We present anon-symbolic neural dynamic architecture that can ground combinatorial concepts in perception, i.e., establish a linkbetween a combinatorial concept and an object in the perceptual array. The components of a combinatorial concept treeare sequentially grounded from the leaves to the root, while the output of each grounding step is passed on to the nextgrounding step by means of a mental map. This way, compositionality is an emergent property of the neural dynamics anddoes not require any form of symbolic information processing. We discuss how this process account contrasts with otherneural accounts of compositionality and conclude with implications for the modeling of higher cognition

Uso da broncoscopia virtual em pacientes pediátricos com suspeita de aspiração de corpo estranho Use of virtual bronchoscopy in children with suspected foreign body aspiration

A aspiração de corpo estranho (ACE) para o trato respiratório é um problema comum em pacientes pediátricos, em especial abaixo dos três anos de idade. Na avaliação radiológica inicial, cerca de 30% dos pacientes apresentam radiograma de tórax normal. A tomografia com broncoscopia virtual (BV) pode auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce desse quadro e seu pronto manejo. O tratamento definitivo se dá com a retirada do corpo estranho através de broncoscopia rígida e mediante anestesia geral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o uso da BV na abordagem de dois pacientes com suspeita de ACE e realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre este tópico. Os dois pacientes tiveram início súbito de sintomas respiratórios e relato de tosse ou engasgo com alimentos antecedendo o quadro. Os pacientes foram submetidos à BV, e foi detectada a presença de corpo estranho endobrônquico em ambos os casos, com remoção posterior por broncoscopia rígida convencional em um caso. A BV é um método não-invasivo recente e com potencial para detectar a presença de corpo estranho na via respiratória em crianças. Em casos selecionados, BV pode auxiliar na localização correta do corpo estranho e até mesmo evitar o procedimento de broncoscopia rígida na ausência de corpo estranho.<br>Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheobronchial tree is a common problem in children, especially in those under three years of age. Preliminary radiological evaluation reveals normal chest X-rays in nearly 30% of such patients. Tomography-generated virtual bronchoscopy (VB) can facilitate the early diagnosis and rapid management of these cases. The definitive treatment is the removal of the foreign body by means of rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. The objective of this study was to describe the use of VB in two patients with suspicion of FBA, as well as to review the literature regarding this topic. The two patients presented with sudden onset of respiratory symptoms and history of cough or choking with foods before these symptoms. Both patients were submitted to VB. In both cases, we detected an endobronchial foreign body, which was then removed by conventional rigid bronchoscopy in one of the cases. Only recently developed, VB is a noninvasive imaging method that has potential for use in detecting foreign bodies in the airways of children. In select cases, VB can indicate the exact location of the foreign body and even preclude the need to submit patients to rigid bronchoscopy in the absence of a foreign body