The case for and against socialized medicine in the United States

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit

In the same storm but not in the same boat : a case study of scalar politics in the Joal-Fadiouth marine protected area, Senegal

Marine protected areas (MPAs) constitute today the favored tool for fisheries management and marine and coastal conservation around the globe. In practice, the establishment of MPAs is however not free from impacts on the coastal communities that rely on the ocean and its resources for their livelihoods and wellbeing. This is particularly so in developing countries, where communities living at sites where MPAs are increasingly being established tend to have low incomes that render them vulnerable to imposed constraints on their rights to access and exploit the resources they depend on. Senegal strongly relies on fisheries for its national economy, food security, and cultural continuity. However, overexploitation and the long-warned decline of fish stocks, and the longlived competition and contention over marine space and resources between the artisanal and industrial subsectors has since the 1990s led Senegalese artisanal fisheries into a socialecological crisis. With the aim of curbing this crisis, MPAs have since the mid-2000s constituted, the favored strategy for managing fisheries. Employing a political ecology lens this study was conducted with the twofold objective to, first, examine the local implementation of the Joal-Fadiouth MPA as a fisheries management intervention and its consequences for artisanal fishers, and second, to situate this intervention within the broader political economic seascape, with the aim to unveiling why the local scale, inherent to the Joal-Fadiouth MPA, remains the one favored for addressing overfishing and marine resource degradation in Senegalese waters. Adopting a case study design and qualitative research methods, this research was conducted through semi-structured interviews among the fisherfolk community of Joal-Fadiouth, as well as with multiple representatives from local and national institutions, and through photovoice focus groups with fishers. I have found the JFMPA to constitute an expression of scalar politics, whereby the local scale is the one being operationalized for fisheries management and addressing overfishing and the degradation of marine resources in Senegalese, as a means to allow the State for accumulating from both conservation and extractive zones concurrently, at the expanse of artisanal fishers.M-IE

The case for and against socialized medicine in the United States

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit

Bilan d'eau en trois points de la nappe phréatique générale du Tchad Water balance in three points of the water table aquifer of Chad

International audienceL'augmentation de la demande d'eau des pays sahéliens nécessite une quantification des ressources renouvelables. Des déterminations de bilan d'eau ont été effectuées dans ce but par modèle global en trois points de la nappe phréa-tique générale du Tchad. Les lames d'eau météorique atteignant annuellement la nappe varient considérablement d'une région à une autre selon leur aridité : de l'ordre de 170 mm en zone tropicale humide contre 68 mm pour la nappe des sables éoliens du Kanem. La recharge peut être encore plus faible ou même nulle dans l'ensemble fluvio-lacustre du Chari Baguirmi où les reprises par exfiltration sont particulièrement importantes. The increase of the water demand in the Sahelian countries requires the quantitative knowledge of the renewable resources. Water balance analyses were carried out using a lump model on three observation wells tapping the water table aquifer in Chad. The rainfall reaching the water table is largely variable depending on the climatic areas: around 170mm/yr in humid tropical zone, 68mm/yr in aeolian sands of Sahel. It is only some mm or even nil in the fluvio-lacustrine deposits where the exfiltration losses are important

Object-Oriented Modeling of Communication Systems

Conventional communication system simulation programs and packages are written using procedural programming languages. Newly developed, object-oriented languages offer the simulation designer significantly different options and structures. By exploiting these new techniques it is possible to significantly increase the flexibility and extensibility of the simulation package. This allows the system analyst to efficiently re-use complex simulation code and quickly and reliably reconfigure the simulation. In addition, a single object-oriented simulation can be used in all stages of the design process, from conceptual design through fabrication and testing. A final benefit of the object-oriented techniques is that the simulation code closely matches the graphical user interface used in most modern simulation packages. This work discusses the basic attributes of an object-oriented model and examines why this may be an attractive simulation architecture

Glaciological problems set by the control of dangerous lakes in Cordillera Blanca, Peru. III. Study of moraines and mass balances at Safuna

We explain how preliminary results concerning the internal constitution of the big push moraine at Safuna were obtained in 1967. Cross-sections which were obtained later through electrical and seismic exploration and arduous borings are given. Under the lake Safuna Alta there exists a layer of dead ice which is probably a remnant from an old glacier advance and over which the active glacier slides, but this dead ice does not extend into the push moraine. Since 1950 Safuna Alta has formed, the glacier tongue has lowered by 0.8 m per year on average, and the big push moraine has moved and settled. The annual balance on the glacier tongue was measured in 1968. It increases by 3.9 m of ice per 100 m in altitude. The discharge of ice near the lake and the annual balance further up-valley allow an estimate of the mean annual balance in the accumulation zone (between 4850 and 6020 m) at 2.30 m of water per year. Until now no annual precipitation higher than 1 m/year had been measured in Cordillera Blanca, but this Cordillera includes many meso-climates. Eight successive moraines are found at Safuna. They are tentatively correlated with the eight existing between Huaraz and Laguna Llaca. Clapperton's (1972) “group 4” was not formed during the 20th, but during the 17th century. His “group 3” is not from A.D. 1750-1800, but is rather 5 000 to 7 000 years old, according to the offset of Cordillera Blanca great fault

Explicit Discourse Connectives / Implicit Discourse Relations

While explicit discourse connectives can signal coherence relations, a common assumption is that only their absence or ambiguity necessitates relation inference. Using a crowdsourced conjunction completion task to collect 40K+ judgments on 50 discourse adverbials, we find this common assumption to be false. Instead, naive subjects systematically infer an implicit connective alongside an explicit discourse adverbial. But sometimes different subsets of subjects may each endorse different connectives. The size of these subsets means that such differences cannot be written off as error. Rather, they demonstrate how the coherence associated with explicit adverbials relates to coherence inferred between the clauses themselves