Making Lemonade: The Potential of Increased Peer Metadata Training among Cultural Heritage Professionals

This paper explores training in metadata creation for digital collections among cultural heritage communities in the context of a challenging economic and professional development climate. It is the author’s experience that many cultural heritage professionals from smaller institutions have not had the resources to obtain training in the standards and best practices necessary for building and maintaining digital collections that are robust and interoperable outside of their local context. This paper draws on theory and personal experience to propose that larger institutions should assist their smaller counterparts through localized peer training programs, and that the benefits drawn from these programs may position cultural heritage institutions to better innovate and adapt to the ever-changing information landscape

Sensory Experiences and Expectations of Organic Food. Results of Focus Group Discussions

This executive summary describes the main objectives and findings from a qualitative survey on consumers’ sensory experiences, expectations and preferences with respect to organic food. The survey was conducted in the frame of the European Commission funded project ECROPOLIS in 2009 in Germany (DE), France (FR), Italy (IT), Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL) and Switzerland (CH). The objectives of this research were to explore: - the range of experiences, expectations and preferences for specific sensory properties of organic food. - words that are used by consumers to differentiate the taste of organic products amongst themselves and compared to conventional ones. - symbolic’ meanings and images which participants relate to sensory characteristics of organic food. - consumers’ sensory expectations and preferences related to the variability and standardisation of organic food. - consumers’ experiences to marketing of sensory characteristics of organic food. - possible differences in consumers’ sensory expectations and preferences between the participating countries

Alkalinization during re-oxygenation prevents functional damage by hyperglycaemic hypoxia

HYPERGLYCAEMIA impairs recovery from transient cerebral ischaemia: the importance of tissue acidification for this phenomenon has not been clarified in detail. We investigated this issue in a less complex in vitro preparation of isolated rat dorsal spinal roots exposed for 30 min to hyperglycaemic hypoxia. Peak height of compound action potentials recovered minimally in 5 mM bicarbonate. However, recovery was greatly improved by addition of the weak base trimethylamine during re-oxygenation. Addition of the weak acid propionate had no such effect. Cytoplasmic alkalinization improved recovery in a brief time window only: application of trimethylamine after 15 min of re-oxygenation was without beneficial effect. These data emphasize the importance of cytoplasmic acidification for neurophysiological recovery from hyper-glycaemic hypoxia during the initial period of re-oxygenation

De Lesseps contra Inglaterra : la batalla por la opinión pública en la construcción del Canal de Suez

El artículo pretende relatar, desde un enfoque propagandístico, el duro proceso de la construcción del Canal de Suez, a partir de su inicio en 1859 hasta su finalización en 1869. Ferdinand de Lesseps, el promotor de la gran obra de ingeniería, luchó durante todos esos años contra la oposición de Inglaterra, representada por Lord Palmerston. Para lograr su objetivo supo implicar la opinión pública internacional, gracias a su incansable labor diplomática, y, sobre todo, a su inteligente utilización de los más importantes periódicos europeos. Con ello queda demostrado que la opinión pública ya era un arma importante a mediados del siglo XIX, capaz de influir en las decisiones de los dirigentes europeos.The article tries to report, from a propaganda approach, the hard process of the construction of the Suez Canal, from its beginning in 1859 up to his ending in 1869. Ferdinand de Lesseps, the originator of the great work of engineering, fought during all these years against the opposition of England, represented by Lord Palmerston. To achieve his goal, he managed to imply the international public opinion, thanks to his tireless diplomatic labor, and, especially, to his intelligent utilization of the most important European newspapers, thus demonstrating that public opinion was already an important weapon in the middle of the 19th century, capable of influencing the decisions of the European leaders

The Mass Media in the Great War: "Everything for Our Country"

En la Primera Guerra Mundial, los medios de comunicación jugaron, por primera vez en la Historia, un papel importante en el desarrollo de una guerra. Un verdadero diluvio de panfletos, carteles, caricaturas, poemas, canciones y, también, películas cinematográficas inundaba los países beligerantes. Los aliados diseñaron su propaganda con mucho más eficacia que los alemanes, prisioneros de un Estado autoritario que creía innecesario una movilización de su población, acostumbrada a obedecer las consignas gubernamentales sin cuestionarlas. No fue hasta el final de la guerra, que los ciudadanos europeos descubrieron la magnitud de las mentiras y de la manipulación de la que habían sido víctimas.In the First World War the mass media played, for the first time in History, an important role in the development of a war. A real deluge of pamphlets, cartels, cartoons, poems, songs and, also, movies, was flooding the belligerent countries. The allies designed their propaganda with much more skill that the Germans, prisoners of an authoritarian State that believed unnecessarily a mobilization of his population, accustomed to obeying the governmental slogans without questioning them. It was not until the end of the war, that the European citizens discovered the magnitude of the lies and of the manipulation of which they had been victims

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The relationship between acculturative stress and Korean immigrants’ travel experiences

TTRA 2017 Graduate Student Research Colloquium: The relationship between acculturative stress and Korean immigrants’ travel experiences Abstract The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine how acculturative stress affects onsite leisure travel experience of first-generation Korean immigrants. This study contributes to the literature by advancing the study of leisure constraints by providing proof-of-concept of the stress-coping model in travel experiences and immigrants’ responses in coping with acculturative stress during travel periods.By exploring what factors influence immigrant travelers’ appraisal process, empirically verifying that the acculturative stress does create stress for the immigrants, and learning preferred coping strategies and responses, tourism managers, planners and marketers will be better able to make informed decisions to mitigate stress among immigrant travelers

Mass Political Behavior

Mass political behavior is the study of how average citizens form and express opinions about politics and decide how to engage with the political system through voting or other forms of political participation. Political scientists interested in mass political behavior have drawn on a variety of disciplinary approaches to understand the topic, including history, economics, sociology, and more recently, psychology, biology, and neuroscience. Political psychologists interested in understanding mass political behavior have applied social psychological theories of attitudes, emotion, social cognition, and social identity to help improve our understanding of political behavior. This entry provides a brief overview of how psychology has been used to study public opinion, voting behavior, and political participation

Análise Quali-Quantitativa de Microplásticos no Sedimento Arenoso de Praias no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul

A poluição por materiais plásticos nos oceanos, principalmente por itens de plástico inferiores a 5 mm, denominadas de microplásticos (MPs), é um problema ambiental marinho onipresente. Esférulas de plástico virgem (pellets) e partículas de plástico utilizadas pela indústria de cosméticos, são definidos como microplásticos primários e chegam ao ambiente marinho pela perda durante a sua cadeia produtiva e através do despejo de águas residuais. MPs secundários resultam da fragmentação de plásticos maiores, devido ao processo de degradação físico-química. Este estudo buscou avaliar quantitativamente os MPs, caracterizar quais os tipos de plástico (pellets e/ou fragmentos) predominam e se a sazonalidade interfere na quantidade de MPs em três praias arenosas do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul: Torres – Praia Grande, Capão da Canoa e Cidreira – Cabras. Nas 4 estações do ano, foram realizadas coletas em seis pontos em cada praia, sendo três na linha de maré e três no início dunas. O sedimento superficial foi coletado com o uso de um quadrante de 50 x 50 cm. No laboratório, as amostras foram secas em estufa a 100ºC, peneiradas em peneiras granulométricas com malhas de 1 mm e 4,75 mm e, classificadas em fragmentos ou pellets. No total, coletaram-se 1.727 MP, sendo 886 unidades (un.) de fragmentos e 841 un. de pellets. A praia que apresentou maiores quantidades de MPs foi Cabras com 1.083 un. (783 un. de pellets e 320 un. fragmentos), seguida por Capão da Canoa com 482 un. (423 fragmentos e 59 pellets) e Torres com 162 um (143 fragmentos e 19 pellets). Em relação às estações do ano, a presença de MPs ocorre ao longo do ano todo e é permanente nas três praias. A primavera foi a estação que teve maior acúmulo de microplásticos (687 un.), seguido pelo inverno (462 un.) e verão (410 un.), enquanto que no outono, foram encontrados apenas 168 MPs. A menor deposição de MPs no outono pode ser atribuída, a energia das ondas pouco expressiva, não ultrapassando 1,1 m e aos ventos que foram praticamente inexistentes. Enquanto que nos outros períodos, houve maior variação oceanográfica, pois as ondas foram maiores que 1,6 metros e os ventos predominantes foram de nordeste, oeste e sudoeste. A análise estatística comprovou que há diferença de deposição de MPs entre as praias e não entre os ambientes (linha de maré e dunas). Fatores como a ação dos ventos, a energia e altura das ondas, a dinâmica praial, bem como a circulação oceânica e as correntes, atuam em conjunto no aporte de MPs nas praias. Portanto, os resultados apresentados, evidenciam a problemática dos microplásticos no sedimento de praias.Pollution from plastic materials in the oceans, especially for plastic items under 5 mm, called microplastics (MPs), is a ubiquitous marine environmental problem. Spherules virgin plastic (pellets) and plastic particles used by the cosmetics industry, are defined as primary microplastic and reach the marine environment by loss during its production string and through the wastewater disposal. Secondary MPs result from the fragmentation of larger plastics due to the physico-chemical degradation process. This study sought to quantitatively evaluate the MPs, characterize the types of plastic (pellets and/or fragments) predominate and seasonality interfere in the number of MPs in three sandy beaches of the North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul: Torres - Praia Grande, Capão da Canoa and Cidreira - Cabras. In the 4 seasons of the year, collections were made at six points on each beach, three in the tide line and three at the beginning of the dunes. The surface sediment was collected using a quadrant 50 x 50 cm. In the laboratory, the samples were dried in an oven at 100ºC, sieved in granulometric sieves with 1 mm and 4.75 mm meshes and classified in fragments or pellets. In total, 1,727 MP were collected, being 886 units (un.) of fragments and 841 units of pellets. The beach that presented larger amounts of MPs was Cabras with 1.083 um. (783 pellets and 320 fragments), followed by Capão da Canoa with 482 un. (423 fragments and 59 pellets) and Torres with 162 un. (143 fragments and 19 pellets). In relation to the seasons, the presence of MPs occurs throughout the year and is permanent in the three beaches. Spring was the season with the highest accumulation of microplastics (687 un.), followed by winter (462 un.) and summer (410 un.), while in autumn, only 168 MPs were found. The lower deposition of MPs in the fall can be attributed, the energy of the waves little expressive, not exceeding 1,1 m and the winds that were practically nonexistent. While in other periods, there was greater oceanographic variation, since the waves were larger than 1.6 meters and the prevailing winds were northeast, west and southwest. Statistical analysis showed that there is a difference in the deposition of MPs between the beaches and not between the environments (tidal line and dunes). Factors such as wind action, wave energy and height, beach dynamics, as well as ocean circulation and currents, act together in the contribution of MPs to the beaches. Therefore, the presented results, evidences the problematic of the microplastics in the sediment of beaches

Öko-Lebensmittel - das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen

Vorteile des Konsums ökologisch erzeugter Lebensmittel werden oft auf gesundheitliche Effekte reduziert. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das komplexe Zusammenspiel der zahlreichen Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen des Konsums ökologischer Lebensmittel a ufzuzeigen. Basierend auf aktueller Literatur wurden entsprechend dem Ansatz der Ernährungsökologie mit der Modellierungstechnik NutriMod Faktoren aus den Dimensionen Gesundheit, Umwelt, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft erfasst und in ihrer Vernetztheit dargestellt. Im resultierenden Modell können zahlreiche direkte und indirekte Zusammenhänge aufgezeigt, sowie Wirkketten und Rückkopplungen identifiziert werden, innerhalb der Dimensionen und dimensionenübergreifend. Durch die Abbildung von Mehrdimensionalität und Vernetztheit von Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen liefert das Modell für das kontrovers diskutierte Thema Öko-Landbau Grundlagen für weitere Forschung und für politische Entscheidungen im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung