Phonon induced line broadening and population of the dark exciton in a deeply trapped localized emitter in monolayer WSe2

We acknowledge financial support by the State of Bavaria. Y.-M.H. acknowledges support from the Sino-German (CSC-DAAD) Postdoc Scholarship Program. This publication was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the University of Wuerzburg in the funding programme Open Access Publishing.We study trapped single excitons in a monolayer semiconductorwith respect to their temperature stability, spectral diffusion and decaydynamics. In a mechanically exfoliated WSe2 sheet, we could identifydiscrete emission features with emission energies down to 1.516 eV whichare spectrally isolated in a free spectral range up to 80 meV. The strongspectral isolation of our localized emitter allow us to identify strongsignatures of phonon induced spectral broadening for elevated temperaturesaccompanied by temperature induced luminescence quenching. A directcorrelation between the droop in intensity at higher temperatures with thephonon induced population of dark states in WSe2 is established. While ourexperiment suggests that the applicability of monolayered quantum emittersas coherent single photon sources at elevated temperatures may be limited,the capability to operate them below the GaAs band-edge makes themhighly interesting for GaAs-monolayer hybrid quantum photonic structures.PostprintPeer reviewe

Temperature-dependent Mollow triplet spectra from a single quantum dot: Rabi frequency renormalisation and sideband linewidth insensitivity

We investigate temperature-dependent resonance fluorescence spectra obtained from a single self-assembled quantum dot. A decrease of the Mollow triplet sideband splitting is observed with increasing temperature, an effect we attribute to a phonon-induced renormalisation of the driven dot Rabi frequency. We also present first evidence for a non-perturbative regime of phonon coupling, in which the expected linear increase in sideband linewidth as a function of temperature is cancelled by the corresponding reduction in Rabi frequency. These results indicate that dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots may be less sensitive to changes in temperature than expected from a standard weak-coupling analysis of phonon effects.Comment: Close to published version, new figure and minor changes to the text. 5 pages, 3 figure

Prions and neuronal death

The present contribution is a Letter to the Editor (Correspondence) and, as a consequence, no abstract is available.[...

A Generalized Mixing Length Closure for Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux Schemes of Turbulence and Convection

Because of their limited spatial resolution, numerical weather prediction and climate models have to rely on parameterizations to represent atmospheric turbulence and convection. Historically, largely independent approaches have been used to represent boundary layer turbulence and convection, neglecting important interactions at the subgrid scale. Here we build on an eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux (EDMF) scheme that represents all subgrid‐scale mixing in a unified manner, partitioning subgrid‐scale fluctuations into contributions from local diffusive mixing and coherent advective structures and allowing them to interact within a single framework. The EDMF scheme requires closures for the interaction between the turbulent environment and the plumes and for local mixing. A second‐order equation for turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) provides one ingredient for the diffusive local mixing closure, leaving a mixing length to be parameterized. Here, we propose a new mixing length formulation, based on constraints derived from the TKE balance. It expresses local mixing in terms of the same physical processes in all regimes of boundary layer flow. The formulation is tested at a range of resolutions and across a wide range of boundary layer regimes, including a stably stratified boundary layer, a stratocumulus‐topped marine boundary layer, and dry convection. Comparison with large eddy simulations (LES) shows that the EDMF scheme with this diffusive mixing parameterization accurately captures the structure of the boundary layer and clouds in all cases considered

An Improved Perturbation Pressure Closure for Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux Schemes

Convection parameterizations such as eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) schemes require a consistent closure formulation for the perturbation pressure, which arises in the equations for vertical momentum and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). Here we derive an expression for the perturbation pressure from approximate analytical solutions for 2D and 3D rising thermal bubbles. The new closure combines a modified pressure drag and virtual mass effects with a new momentum advection term. This momentum advection is an important source in the lower half of the thermal bubble and at cloud base levels in convective systems. It represents the essential physics of the perturbation pressure, that is, to ensure the 3D non-divergent properties of the flow. Moreover, the new formulation modifies the pressure drag to be inversely proportional to updraft depth. This is found to significantly improve simulations of the diurnal cycle of deep convection, without compromising simulations of shallow convection. It is thus a key step toward a unified scheme for a range of convective motions. By assuming that the pressure only redistributes TKE between plumes and the environment, rather than vertically, a closure for the velocity pressure-gradient correlation is obtained from the perturbation pressure closure. This novel pressure closure is implemented in an extended EDMF scheme and is shown to successfully simulate a rising bubble test case as well as shallow and deep convection cases in a single column model

Single molecule detection with graphene and other two-dimensional materials: nanopores and beyond

Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistr

Numerical methods for nonlinear partial differential equations of fractional order

In this article, we implement relatively new analytical techniques, the variational iteration method and the Adomian decomposition method, for solving nonlinear partial differential equations of fractional order. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The two methods in applied mathematics can be used as alternative methods for obtaining analytic and approximate solutions for different types of fractional differential equations. In these schemes, the solution takes the form of a convergent series with easily computable components. Numerical results show that the two approaches are easy to implement and accurate when applied to partial differential equations of fractional order