ENABLE-S3 – Advanced V&V technologies and methods combined with simulation and testing environments enable the safe and secure development of Autonomous Vehicles

Highly automated and autonomous transport is a technology field that enables safer and cleaner transport and unburdens the driver from boring and/or error prone driving task. The development of automated transport features and vehicles will or have already led to new business opportunities in many technology sectors, like sensor technologies, SW-development or mobility services to name just a few of them. The highly precise sensors and communication technologies as well as the necessary computing power and algorithms within the vehicle plus the digital infrastructure that are necessary to realize the autonomous transport are developing very fast. But this goes also along with new heavy-weight challenges in terms of safety and security aspects. Extensive verification and validation efforts are necessary to make automated systems at least as safe as human-operated systems are nowadays. The ENABLE-S3 project develops verification and validation technologies and methods that will help to tackle this challenge with reasonable efforts and high coverage of test-cases. 71 partners from different transport sectors (automotive, aerospace, rail, maritime, farming) and other industries are creating new knowledge in the areas of testing and simulation methods & technologies as well as the required testing platforms and environments. Research within ENABLE-S3 focuses on: - Test and simulation environments supporting open standards (e.g. Functional Mock-up Interface, OpenSimulationInterface) wherever possible in order to run tests for automated transport seamlessly in different virtual and semi-virtual environments. - Open standards for the definition, management and execution of test cases/testing scenarios like OpenScenario or OpenDrive and their relationship to other existing standards like ASAM-XiL. - Investigation of testing methodologies which are necessary to reduce the number of test cases tremendously, among them are DoE (design of experiments), combinatorial testing, FMEA analysis etc. - Development of sensor models as well as sensor stimuli (physical sensor signal generators). - Generation of test cases out of existing recorded real-world data. The developed methods are applied in different industrial use-cases. This paper will give an overview over the needed building blocks for testing AD functions, including scenario generation, test planning, and test execution and simulation that were already developed within the ENABLE-S3 project and will finally present a practical use case and the application of aforementioned methods to an ACC function of a vehicle. The results gained so far in the project will show that the verification and validation methods combined with simulation and testing technologies for automated vehicles in transport play a major role in reaching the high safety and security levels that end customers and legal authorities will demand for this important technology in order to get acceptance and in order to provide a great step forward in reducing road fatalities and at the same time also CO2 emissions

Transmon Qubit in a Magnetic Field: Evolution of Coherence and Transition Frequency

We report on spectroscopic and time-domain measurements on a fixed-frequency concentric transmon qubit in an applied in-plane magnetic field to explore its limits of magnetic field compatibility. We demonstrate quantum coherence of the qubit up to field values of $B={40}\,\mathrm{mT}$, even without an optimized chip design or material combination of the qubit. The dephasing rate $\Gamma_\varphi$ is shown to be not affected by the magnetic field in a broad range of the qubit transition frequency. For the evolution of the qubit transition frequency, we find the unintended second junction created in the shadow angle evaporation process to be non-negligible and deduce an analytic formula for the field-dependent qubit energies. We discuss the relevant field-dependent loss channels, which can not be distinguished by our measurements, inviting further theoretical and experimental investigation. Using well-known and well-studied standard components of the superconducting quantum architecture, we are able to reach a field regime relevant for quantum sensing and hybrid applications of magnetic spins and spin systems.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Analog quantum simulation of the Rabi model in the ultra-strong coupling regime

The quantum Rabi model describes the fundamental mechanism of light-matter interaction. It consists of a two-level atom or qubit coupled to a quantized harmonic mode via a transversal interaction. In the weak coupling regime, it reduces to the well-known Jaynes-Cummings model by applying a rotating wave approximation (RWA). The RWA breaks down in the ultra-strong coupling (USC) regime, where the effective coupling strength $g$ is comparable to the energy $\omega$ of the bosonic mode, and remarkable features in the system dynamics are revealed. We demonstrate an analog quantum simulation of an effective quantum Rabi model in the USC regime, achieving a relative coupling ratio of $g/\omega \sim 0.6$. The quantum hardware of the simulator is a superconducting circuit embedded in a cQED setup. We observe fast and periodic quantum state collapses and revivals of the initial qubit state, being the most distinct signature of the synthesized model.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figure

Diffusive mixing of periodic wave trains in reaction-diffusion systems

We consider reaction-diffusion systems on the infinite line that exhibit a family of spectrally stable spatially periodic wave trains u_0(kx-\om t;k) that are parameterized by the wave number $k$. We prove stable diffusive mixing of the asymptotic states $u_0(k x+\phi_{\pm};k)$ as x\ra \pm\infty with different phases $\phi_-\neq\phi_+$ at infinity for solutions that initially converge to these states as x\ra \pm\infty. The proof is based on Bloch wave analysis, renormalization theory, and a rigorous decomposition of the perturbations of these wave solutions into a phase mode, which shows diffusive behavior, and an exponentially damped remainder. Depending on the dispersion relation, the asymptotic states mix linearly with a Gaussian profile at lowest order or with a nonsymmetric non-Gaussian profile given by Burgers equation, which is the amplitude equation of the diffusive modes in the case of a nontrivial dispersion relation

Separation of internal and interaction dynamics for NLS-described wave packets with different carrier waves

AbstractWe give a detailed analysis of the interaction of two NLS-described wave packets with different carrier waves for a nonlinear wave equation. By separating the internal dynamics of each wave packet from the dynamics caused by the interaction we prove that there is almost no interaction of such wave packets. We also prove the validity of a formula for the envelope shift caused by the interaction of the wave packets

Local existence and uniqueness of solutions of the weak electrolyte model describing electro-convection in nematic liquid crystals

Abstract We show the local existence and uniqueness of solutions of the most advanced model for the description of electro-convection in nematic liquid crystals, namely the weak electrolyte model (WEM), which is a mixture of quasilinear parabolic equations and balance laws. We do this by bringing the WEM in a form where a standard iteration scheme can be applied