283 research outputs found
Cascaded multi-view canonical correlation (CaMCCo) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer\u27s disease via fusion of clinical, imaging and omic Features
Dark Matter Halo Environment for Primordial Star Formation
We study the statistical properties (such as shape and spin) of high-z halos
likely hosting the first (PopIII) stars with cosmological simulations including
detailed gas physics. In the redshift range considered () the
average sphericity is , and for more than 90% of halos the
triaxiality parameter is , showing a clear preference for
oblateness over prolateness. Larger halos in the simulation tend to be both
more spherical and prolate: we find and , with and at z = 11.
The spin distributions of dark matter and gas are considerably different at
, with the baryons rotating slower than the dark matter. At lower
redshift, instead, the spin distributions of dark matter and gas track each
other almost perfectly, as a consequence of a longer time interval available
for momentum redistribution between the two components. The spin of both the
gas and dark matter follows a lognormal distribution, with a mean value at z=16
of , virtually independent of halo mass. This is in good
agreement with previous studies. Using the results of two feedback models (MT1
and MT2) by McKee & Tan (2008) and mapping our halo spin distribution into a
PopIII IMF, we find that at high- the IMF closely tracks the spin lognormal
distribution. Depending on the feedback model, though, the distribution can be
centered at (MT1) or (MT2). At later
times, model MT1 evolves into a bimodal distribution with a second prominent
peak located at as a result of the non-linear relation between
rotation and halo mass. We conclude that the dark matter halo properties might
be a key factor shaping the IMF of the first stars.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
It takes two to tango:High Rates of Injury and Concussion in Ball Carriers and Tacklers in High School Boys' Rugby
Objective: To examine injury and concussion rates, mechanisms, locations, and types of injury in Canadian high school male rugby.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:High school male rugby.Participants:A total of 429 high school players (2018: n = 225, 2019: n = 256) were recruited from 12 teams in 7 schools in Calgary, Canada.Interventions: None.Main Outcome Measures: Injury surveillance included baseline questionnaires, weekly exposure, and injury reports. Injuries included those requiring medical attention, resulted in time loss and/or inability to complete a session. Concussion was defined as per the fifth Consensus on Concussion in Sport, and all players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician.Results: A total of 134 injuries were captured, leading to an injury incidence rate (IR) of 57.9/1000 hours [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 45.4-73.8]. Median time loss was 6 days (range: 0-90). Injuries to the head were the most common (40%), followed by shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%). The concussion IR was 22.0/1000 hours (95% CIs: 15.9-30.4), which was the most common injury type (38%), followed by sprain (20%) and strain (15%). Sixty-five percent of injuries occurred in the tackle (ball carrier 35%, tackler 30%) and 76% of concussions (ball carrier 41%, tackler 35%).Conclusions: The rate of injury and concussion in Canadian youth high school male rugby is high, with tackle-related injuries and concussions the most common. Given this, there is a critical need for implementation of prevention strategies, in particular targeting concussion and the tackle event (eg, neuromuscular, tackle training, and law changes).</p
It takes two to tango:High Rates of Injury and Concussion in Ball Carriers and Tacklers in High School Boys' Rugby
Objective: To examine injury and concussion rates, mechanisms, locations, and types of injury in Canadian high school male rugby.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:High school male rugby.Participants:A total of 429 high school players (2018: n = 225, 2019: n = 256) were recruited from 12 teams in 7 schools in Calgary, Canada.Interventions: None.Main Outcome Measures: Injury surveillance included baseline questionnaires, weekly exposure, and injury reports. Injuries included those requiring medical attention, resulted in time loss and/or inability to complete a session. Concussion was defined as per the fifth Consensus on Concussion in Sport, and all players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician.Results: A total of 134 injuries were captured, leading to an injury incidence rate (IR) of 57.9/1000 hours [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 45.4-73.8]. Median time loss was 6 days (range: 0-90). Injuries to the head were the most common (40%), followed by shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%). The concussion IR was 22.0/1000 hours (95% CIs: 15.9-30.4), which was the most common injury type (38%), followed by sprain (20%) and strain (15%). Sixty-five percent of injuries occurred in the tackle (ball carrier 35%, tackler 30%) and 76% of concussions (ball carrier 41%, tackler 35%).Conclusions: The rate of injury and concussion in Canadian youth high school male rugby is high, with tackle-related injuries and concussions the most common. Given this, there is a critical need for implementation of prevention strategies, in particular targeting concussion and the tackle event (eg, neuromuscular, tackle training, and law changes).</p
Contradiction between strong lensing statistics and a feedback solution to the cusp/core problem
Standard cosmology has many successes on large scales, but faces some
fundamental difficulties on small, galactic scales. One such difficulty is the
cusp/core problem. High resolution observations of the rotation curves for dark
matter dominated low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies imply that galactic dark
matter halos have a density profile with a flat central core, whereas N-body
structure formation simulations predict a divergent (cuspy) density profile at
the center. It has been proposed that this problem can be resolved by stellar
feedback driving turbulent gas motion that erases the initial cusp. However,
strong gravitational lensing prefers a cuspy density profile for galactic
halos. In this paper, we use the most recent high resolution observations of
the rotation curves of LSB galaxies to fit the core size as a function of halo
mass, and compare the resultant lensing probability to the observational
results for the well defined combined sample of the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey
(CLASS) and Jodrell Bank/Very Large Array Astrometric Survey (JVAS). The
lensing probabilities based on such density profiles are too low to match the
observed lensing in CLASS/JVAS. High baryon densities in the galaxies that
dominate the lensing statistics can reconcile this discrepancy, but only if
they steepen the mass profile rather than making it more shallow. This places
contradictory demands upon the effects of baryons on the central mass profiles
of galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Largely improved compared with the version 1 to
reflect the referees' reports, conclusions unchanged. Published in Research
in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA
Injuries and concussions in Female High School Rugby:Prevention is worth a try
Objectives: To describe injury and concussion rates and mechanisms in female high school rugby players.Design:Two-year prospective cohort study.Setting:High school rugby.Participants: Participants included 214 female High school rugby players (year 1) and 207 female High school players (year 2) from the Calgary Senior High School Athletics Association 2018 and 2019 rugby competition.Intervention: None.Main Outcome Measures: Match and training injury and concussion. Injury definition included any injury resulting in time loss, inability to complete a session, and/or requiring medical attention. Details of reported injuries were collected on injury report forms and validated by a certified athletic therapist on a validated online injury surveillance platform. Exposure hours for players were tracked using paper or virtual weekly exposure forms by team designates.Results: A match incidence rate (IR) = 93.7 injuries/1000 match hours (95% confidence intervals (CI): 78.6-11.7) and training IR = 5.3 injuries/1000 training hours (95% CI: 4.0-6.9) were estimated. The tackle accounted for 109 (70%) match and 37 (44%) training injuries. Tackling was the most frequent mechanism of injury (IR = 37.5 injuries/1000 match hours, 95% CI: 27.5-51.8 and 1.2 injuries/1000 training hours, 95% CI: 0.7-2.4). Sixty-two match concussions (IR = 37.5 concussions/1000 match hours, 95% CI: 26.8-52.3) and 16 training concussions (IR = 1.0 concussions/1000 training hours, 95% CI: 0.7-1.4) occurred. Of 78 reported concussions, 78% for match and 56% for training were physician diagnosed. Tackling was the most frequent mechanism of concussion in matches (IR = 18.1 concussions/1000 match hours, 95% CI:11.4-28.6).Conclusions: Injury and concussion rates in female high school rugby are high. The tackle accounted for the highest proportion of injuries. Prevention strategies (eg, tackle policy change, tackle-training programs, and neuromuscular training) should be explored to increase sport safety.</p
Domestic Violence in Legal Education and Legal Practice: A Dialogue Between Professors and Practitioners
Domestic Violence in Legal Education and Legal Practice: A Dialogue Between Professors and Practitioners
Differences in injury and concussion rates in a cohort of Canadian female and male youth Rugby Union:A step towards targeted prevention strategies
Objective: To examine differences in match and training musculoskeletal injury and concussion rates and describe mechanisms of concussion while considering previous playing experience in female and male Canadian high school Rugby Union ('rugby') players. Methods: A 2-year prospective cohort study was completed in a high school league (n=361 females, 421 player-seasons; n=429 males, 481 player-seasons) in Calgary, Canada over the 2018 and 2019 rugby playing seasons. Baseline testing was completed at the start of each season and injury surveillance and individual player participation through session attendance was documented to quantify individual-level player exposure hours. Injury incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression, offset by player exposure hours and clustered by team. Results: Overall match IR for females was 62% higher than males (overall IRR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.18) and the overall training IR was twice as high for females (overall IRR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.32). The female match concussion IR was 70% higher than the males (concussion IRR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.69). Females had a 75% greater tackle-related IR compared with males (IRR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.56). Additionally, female tacklers had a twofold greater rate of injury compared with male tacklers (IRR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.14 to 4.14). Previous playing experience was not associated with tackle-related injury or concussion IRs. Conclusion: The rate of injury and concussion was significantly higher in females within this Canadian high school cohort. These results emphasise the need for development, implementation and evaluation of female-specific injury and concussion prevention strategies to reduce injury and concussion in female youth rugby.</p
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