Seven HCI Grand Challenges

This article aims to investigate the Grand Challenges which arise in the current and emerging landscape of rapid technological evolution towards more intelligent interactive technologies, coupled with increased and widened societal needs, as well as individual and collective expectations that HCI, as a discipline, is called upon to address. A perspective oriented to humane and social values is adopted, formulating the challenges in terms of the impact of emerging intelligent interactive technologies on human life both at the individual and societal levels. Seven Grand Challenges are identified and presented in this article: Human-Technology Symbiosis; Human-Environment Interactions; Ethics, Privacy and Security; Well-being, Health and Eudaimonia; Accessibility and Universal Access; Learning and Creativity; and Social Organization and Democracy. Although not exhaustive, they summarize the views and research priorities of an international interdisciplinary group of experts, reflecting different scientific perspectives, methodological approaches and application domains. Each identified Grand Challenge is analyzed in terms of: concept and problem definition; main research issues involved and state of the art; and associated emerging requirements

A benchmark usability study of the tactical decision making under stress decision support system

Distinguished Alumni Award Program author. CAPT Dylan Schmorrow, USN (Presented 26 July 12)This study evaluates the usability of a U.S. Navy Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS was developed to enhance the performance of tactical decision makers within a Navy Combat Information Center. The goals of this study were to test the DSS against usability criteria and objectives to track future redesign efforts and system improvements. The purpose of this analysis was to (1) assess the system's usability, (2) identify problems areas in the graphical user interface, (3) report trends in user feedback, and (4) provide recommendations addressing major usability issues encountered by participants. The study tested whether the DSS met the usability objectives of (a) 90% successful task completion, (b) ease of use ratings of somewhat easy or better, and (c) satisfaction ratings of somewhat satisfied or better. The DSS did not meet these usability objectives for task completion or ease or use, however the DSS did meet the usability objective for user satisfaction. All participants reported that they enjoyed working with the DSS and believed that it would be a significant step forward in information management. Based on the usability data gathered in the study, recommendations are provided to address the usability issueshttp://www.archive.org/details/benchmarkusabili00schmU.S. Navy (U.S.N.) author

A human error analysis and model of naval aviation maintenance related mishaps

Naval Aviation is in the midst of a major transformation as it attempts to come to terms with the demands of maintaining operational readiness in the face of diminishing budgets and reduced manning. Diminishing operating and procurement budgets mean that Naval Aviation is for the most part "making do" with existing aircraft. Over the past decade, one in four Naval Aviation mishaps were partially attributable to maintenance error. The present operating environment underscores the need to address maintenance error and its causes. The current study accomplishes three things. First, it evaluates 470 Naval Aviation mishaps with distinct maintenance error correlates. Second, it categorizes those errors using a taxonomy based upon current organizational and psychological theories of human error. Third, it mathematically models the consequences of these errors and uses the models to (a) predict the .frequency with which maintenance-based mishaps will occur in the future and (b) approximate the potential cost savings from the reduction of each error type.http://archive.org/details/ahumerrornalysis1094544430Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Exploring Cognitive Readiness in Complex Operational Environments: Advances in Theory and Practice

Cognitive readiness refers to the mental preparation (including knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes) an individual needs to establish and sustain competent performance in complex and unpredictable operational environments (Morrison & Fletcher, 2002). Over the past decade, the scientific research community has endeavored to optimize human performance in complex domains through a better understanding of the cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal aspects of cognitive readiness, at both the individual and team level. The goal of this symposium is to add to this growing body of work by presenting the latest advances in cognitive readiness research in terms of both theory development and practical applications across domains